Tulchyn

Tulchin in 1908

Synagogue in 1910

Polish Tulczyn was first mentioned in 1607. It was a royal city in the Bracław Voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1609 King Sigismund III Vasa granted the town to Walenty Aleksander Kalinowski. Until 1728 Tulchin was part of the estates of the Polish magnates of the Kalinowski family (other distinguished members of Tulchin family were Adam Kalinowski and Marcin Kalinowski), and then passed into the hands of Stanisław Potocki bypassing other Kalinowskis' branch, then in 1734 to Franciszek Salezy Potocki and his son Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, who was the most memorable and infamous member of the Tulczyn branch of the Potocki family. During the Targowica confederation Tulchin was the headquarters of the confederates. Mieczysław Potocki sold Tulchin to his brother-in-law Grzegorz Strogonow, who sold it to Piotr Oldenburski, who in turn sold it to Russian Imperial Treasury. Ancient archives of the Polish magnate families of Struś, Łaszcz, Mniszech, Modrzewski, Potocki, and Tarło collected at the palace, were lost during these transfers in ownership, while furniture and art collections were shipped to Paris where Mieczysław Potocki resided. After the Kyiv-Odessa train line had been built Tulchin went into economic decay. There were instances when the Polish soldiers would purposely leave town, abandoning the Jews to the mercy (or lack thereof) of the Ukrainians. This happened, for example, in 1648 in the city of Tulchin. The Polish soldiers made a deal with the Cossacks and left town. The Jews defended the city by themselves until it fell and they were all slaughtered. Prior to October Revolution Tulchin was home a large Jewish population, and there were two trade fairs, July 24 and October 1 each year, and separate 26 market days annually. Between 1917 and 1920 the town frequently changed ownership, between the Poles, the Bolsheviks, White Russians and Ukrainians.

During World War II, the German conquerors turned over Tulchyn and the surrounding area to Romanian control. After first being confined to a ghetto, most Jews from Tulchyn were deported to the nearby Pechora concentration camp where they perished.[2] The area was liberated by the Red Army in March 1944.

The current estimated population is around 13,500 (as of 2005).

• 
  Dominican Church in Tulchyn
• 
  Catholic church
• 
  Church of the Assumption
• 
  New Potocki Palace in Tulchyn
• 
  City museum

Potocki Palace in Tulczyn (restoration)

M. Leontovych monument

• Stanisław Trembecki (1739–1812), Polish poet
• Włodzimierz Potocki (1789-1812), Polish Count, artillery colonel
• Mieczysław Potocki (1799-1878), Polish magnate, owner of estates in Tulczyn, one of the richest Poles in the 19th century
• Alexander Veltman (1800-1870), the Russian writer, was stationed here for some years (and met Pushkin here)
• Józef Wysocki (1809-1873), Polish military commander, general of Polish Army, participant of Polish National Uprisings and the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
• Marian Dziewicki (1872-1935), Polish lawyer, President of Wilno, local government activist
• Bronisław Matyjewicz-Maciejewicz (1882-1911), Polish aviator
• Mykola Leontovych (1877-1921), the Ukrainian composer (who composed the Carol of the Bells), lived here
• Sophie Tucker, Ukrainian-born American singer, comedian, actress, and radio personality