Uruguayan Spanish

Uruguayan Spanish (Spanish: Español uruguayo or castellano uruguayo) is the variety of Spanish spoken in Uruguay and by the Uruguayan diaspora. Uruguayan Spanish is recognized as a variety of Rioplatense Spanish.

Uruguayan Spanish
Español uruguayo
Native toUruguay
RegionRioplatense Spanish
Native speakers
3,347,800, all users in Uruguay (2014)[1]
L1 users: 3,270,000
L2 users: 77,800
Latin (Spanish alphabet)
Official status
Official language in
 Uruguay (de facto)
Regulated byAcademia Nacional de Letras
Language codes
ISO 639-1es
ISO 639-2spa[2]
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
IETFes-UY

Influences
  • There is strong influence of Italian and its dialects, particularly Genovese,[3] because of the presence of large Italian communities in the country (for example in Montevideo and Paysandú). The Uruguayan accent differs from the accents of Spain and other Spanish American countries, except for Argentina, due to Italian influence. There are many Italian words incorporated in the language (nona, cucha, fainá ("farinata, chickpea flour crêpe"), chapar, parlar, festichola ("house party"), etc.), as well as words of Italian derivation (for example: mina derived from femmina, or pibe ("child") from pivello).
  • In the southeastern department of Rocha, as well as along the northern border with Brazil[4] there is some influence of Portuguese, with Portuguese/Spanish code-switching known as Portuñol.

Tuteo and voseo

The variety of Spanish used in Montevideo and the whole southern region of the country exhibits use of the voseo form of address, with the pronoun vos instead of the tú form. In other areas of the country, tú is more commonly used than vos. In some places, tú is used, but with the conjugation corresponding to vos, as in: tú tenés, instead of tú tienes (tuteo) or vos tenés (voseo). Tuteo is much more commonly used in Rocha and in some parts of Maldonado.[5]

The formal pronoun usted is used in very formal contexts, such as when speaking to government authorities.

Vocabulary

Below are vocabulary differences between Uruguay and other Spanish-speaking countries: Argentina, Chile, Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Puerto Rico. It shows how Spanish is different in three continents where there are Spanish-speaking countries (Europe, North America, and South America) and in different regions of those continents (Central America, Caribbean, and Southern Cone). Italian and Brazilian Portuguese have also been influential in Uruguayan Spanish and are also included. While people in Uruguay and most of Argentina speak the dialect Rioplatense, there are some notable differences in vocabulary between the two countries, which are bolded.

Selected vocabulary differences
UruguayArgentinaChileSpainMexicoCosta RicaColombiaPuerto RicoBrazilItaly
apartmentapartamentodepartamentodepartamentopisodepartamentoapartamentoapartamentoapartamentoapartamentoappartamento
apricotdamascodamascodamascoalbaricoquechabacanoalbaricoquealbaricoquealbaricoquedamascoalbicocca
artichokealcaucilalcaucilalcachofaalcachofaalcachofaalcachofaalcachofaalcachofaalcachofracarciofo
avocadopaltapaltapaltaaguacateaguacateaguacateaguacateaguacateabacateavocado
bananabananabananaplátanoplátanoplátanobananobananoguineobananabanana
beanporotoporotoporotojudía/alubiafrijolfrijolfrijolhabichuelafeijãofagiolo
brasoutiencorpiñososténsujetadorbrasierbrasierbrasierbrasiersutiãreggiseno
buttermantecamantecamantequillamantequillamantequillamantequillamantequillamantequillamanteigaburro
caketortatortatortatartapastelquequetortabizcochobolotorta
carautoautoautocochecarrocarrocarrocarrocarromacchina
clothespinpalillobrochepinzapinzapinzaprensaganchopincheprendedormolletta
computercomputadoracomputadoracomputadorordenadorcomputadoracomputadoracomputadorcomputadoracomputadorcomputer
corn on
the cob		choclochoclochoclomazorcaeloteelotemazorcamazorcaespiga de
milho		pannocchia
dulce de
leche[upper-roman 1]		dulce de lechedulce de lechemanjardulce de lechedulce de lechedulce de lechearequipedulce de lechedoce de leitedulce de leche
earringcaravanaaroaropendientearetearetearetepantallabrincoorecchino
grapefruitpomelopomelopomelopomelotoronjatoronjatoronjatoronjatoranjapompelmo
green beanchauchachauchaporoto verdejudía verdeejotevainicahabichuelahabichuela
tierna		vagemfagiolino
hot dogpanchopanchocompletoperrito calientehot dog/jochoperro calienteperro calientehot doghot doghot dog
pantiesbombachabombachacalzónbragacalzóncalzóncalzónpantycalcinhamutande
peaarvejaarvejaarvejaguisantechícharoguisantearvejaguisanteervilhapisello
peachduraznoduraznoduraznomelocotónduraznoduraznoduraznomelocotónpêssegopesca
peanutmanímanímanícacahuetecacahuatemanímanímaníamendoimnocciolina
pineappleananáananápiñapiñapiñapiñapiñapiñaabacaxiananas
poolpiscinapiletapiscinapiscinaalbercapiscinapiscinapiscinapiscinapiscina
popcornpoppochoclocabritaspalomitaspalomitaspalomitas
de maíz		crispetas/
maíz pira		popcornpipocaspopcorn
skirtfalda/pollerapollerafaldafaldafaldaenaguafaldafaldasaiagonna
sockmediamediacalcetíncalcetíncalcetínmediamediamediameiacalzino
sodarefrescogaseosabebidarefrescogaseosagaseosagaseosarefrescorefrigerantebibita
soysojasojasoyasojasoyasoyasoyasoyasojasoia
straw[upper-roman 2]pajitapajitabombillapajitapopotepajillapitillosorbetocanudocannuccia
strawberryfrutillafrutillafrutillafresafresafresafresafresamorangofragola
sweet
potato		boniatobatatacamoteboniatocamotecamotebatatabatatabatata docepatata dolce
transit busómnibuscolectivomicroautobúscamiónautobúsautobúsguaguaônibusautobus
t-shirtremeraremerapoleracamisetaplayeracamisetacamisetat-shirtcamisetamaglietta
  1. Refers to the dessert made from cow's milk.
  2. Refers to the instrument used for drinking.

See also

References
  1. Spanish → Uruguay at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
  2. "ISO 639-2 Language Code search". Library of Congress. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  3. Meo Zilio, Giovanni (1963–64). "Genovesismos en el español rioplatense". Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica. T. 17, No. 3/4 (1963/1964) (3/4): 245–263. JSTOR 40297676.
  4. D. Lincoln Canfield, Spanish Pronunciation in the Americas (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), p. 89.
  5. Weyers, Joseph R. (3 September 2014). "The Tuteo of Rocha, Uruguay: A Study of Pride and Language Maintenance". Hispania. 97 (3): 382–395. doi:10.1353/hpn.2014.0087. ISSN 2153-6414. S2CID 144945948.


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