Yisrael Beiteinu

Yisrael Beiteinu (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּיתֵנוּ‎, Russian: Наш Дом Израиль,[9] lit. Israel Our Home) is a secular centre-right to right-wing nationalist political party in Israel. The party's base was originally secular Russian-speaking Israelis, although support from that demographic is in decline.[10] The party describes itself as "a national movement with the clear vision to follow in the bold path of Zev Jabotinsky",[1] the founder of Revisionist Zionism. It has primarily represented immigrants from the former Soviet Union, although it has attempted to expand its appeal to more established Israelis.[11]

Yisrael Beiteinu

ישראל ביתנו‎
LeaderAvigdor Lieberman
Founded1999
Split fromLikud
HeadquartersJerusalem, Israel
IdeologyRevisionist Zionism[1]
Nationalism[2]
Secularism[3]
Anti-clericalism
National liberalism[4]
Economic liberalism[5][6]
Russian speakers' interests[7]
Political positionCentre-right[8] to right-wing[6]
SloganYes to a Jewish state, no to a halakhic state
Knesset
7 / 120
Most MKs15 (2009)
Least MKs3 (2003)
Election symbol
ל‎
Website
www.beytenu.org

It takes a hard line towards the peace process and the integration of Israeli Arabs. Its main platform includes a recognition of the two-state solution, the creation of a Palestinian state that would include an exchange of some largely Arab-inhabited parts of Israel for largely Jewish-inhabited parts of the West Bank.[12] Yisrael Beiteinu maintains an anti-clerical mantle, supports drafting the ultra-Orthodox into the military,[13] and encourages socio-economic opportunities for new immigrants, in conjunction with efforts to increase Jewish immigration.

The party won 15 seats in the 2009 election, its most to date, making it the third-largest party in the 18th Knesset.[14] In the 2020 election the party won seven seats.[15] Despite forming part of the Likud-led bloc in the Twentieth Knesset and even running on a joint slate with Likud for the Nineteenth Knesset, leader Lieberman has been vocal in his opposition against Netanyahu.

History
Avigdor Lieberman, Minister of Defence

Yisrael Beiteinu has its origins in the Israel of the late 1990s, when former Director-General of the Prime Minister's Office, Avigdor Lieberman was greatly disappointed by his former boss Benjamin Netanyahu and his negotiation with the Palestinian Authority. Netanyahu signed the Wye River Memorandum, which featured the division of the city of Hebron. This move was viewed by many right-wing Israelis, including many of Lieberman's own Russian-speaking community, as a betrayal of their values by Netanyahu. At the time of the Wye River Memorandum, the Russian-speaking community in Israel was mainly represented by the centre-right Yisrael BaAliyah, led by Natan Sharansky, who decided not to pull his party out of Netanyahu's coalition despite the division of Hebron, which further disappointed Lieberman and other right-wing Russian-speakers. This disappointment led to two Yisrael BaAliyah Knesset members, Michael Nudelman and Yuri Stern to break away from the party to form their own party Aliyah.

For the 1999 elections, Lieberman, Nudelman and Stern formed Yisrael Beiteinu, a party whose goal was to represent the right wing of the Russian-speaking community in Israel. The new party won four seats. Due to Ehud Barak's victory in the 1999 elections, the new party sat in the opposition in the new Knesset. On 1 February 2000, while sitting in the opposition, the party joined an alliance with the National Union,[16] itself an alliance of mainly Religious Zionist right-wing parties led by Binyamin Elon, both parties remained fairly independent. The joint list joined Ariel Sharon's new unity government formed after the 2001 Israeli prime ministerial election. However, it attempted to quit the government just a few months later after Sharon's government gave another neighborhood of Hebron to the Palestinian authority. This move was delayed by Rehavam Ze'evi's assassination, but the joint-list, now led by Lieberman, left the coalition in 2002 anyway.

In the 2003 elections, the Lieberman-led joint list won seven seats, with his Yisrael Beiteinu being given four of them. The alliance joined Ariel Sharon's government and Lieberman was made Minister of Transport. However, the party left the government on 6 June 2004,[17] in response to the disengagement plan. On 1 February 2006, shortly before the elections that year, the party split from National Union in order to run alone in the elections.[16] The two parties believed that they would each increase their power if they ran alone, because Yisrael Beiteinu mainly targeted Israel's right-wing secular Russian-speaking community, while the National Union mainly targeted Israel's national-religious community.

During the election campaign, Yisrael Beiteinu split from mainstream right-wing policy by offering a new peace plan based upon land and population transfers, it became known as the Lieberman plan. The party's new outlook on security was bolstered by the recent addition to the party, former Shin Bet deputy-director Yisrael Hasson, who was notably not a member of the Russian speaking community, and represented an attempt to reach out to new demographics. The 2006 elections were a great success for Yisrael Beiteinu, which increased its power to 11 seats. Yisrael Beiteinu joined Ehud Olmert's governing coalition in October 2006. The party entered a controversy in January 2007 when it entered a dispute with its coalition partner the Labor Party over Labor nominating Raleb Majadele for the position of Minister of Science and Technology, thereby making him Israel's first Muslim Arab minister.[18] Lieberman condemned the nomination, and called for the Labor party's head, Amir Peretz's resignation, accusing him of harming Israel's security by ceding to "internal rivalries" within the Labor party, while Peretz accused Yisrael Beiteinu of being a racist party.[19] Yisrael Beiteinu's member of Knesset (MK) Esterina Tartman referred to Peretz's decision as a "lethal blow to Zionism", adding that Majadale's presence in the cabinet would damage "Israel's character as a Jewish state"[18] and that "We need to destroy this affliction from within ourselves. God-willing, God will come to our help." Tartman's comments were immediately condemned as racist by other MKs.[20]

In January 2008 the party left the government in protest against talks with the Palestinian National Authority, saying certain issues negotiated were not to be tolerated.[21] Lieberman pulled out of the government and left his position as Minister of Strategic Affairs,[21] and almost immediately afterwards, Arutz Sheva reported that an investigation against Lieberman and his daughter that had been "ongoing for years, suddenly became active again once he left the government last week".[22]

On 22 December 2008, Lieberman approved the party's list for the 2009 elections. In these elections, Yisrael Beiteinu continued to try and reach out to new demographics. As part of this attempt, the party added Orly Levy (daughter of former Likud MK David Levy, a figure highly respected by Israel's Mizrahi community) and Likud minister Uzi Landau to its list. Yisrael Beiteinu ran a highly controversial election campaign, featuring the slogans: "No citizenship without loyalty" and "Only Lieberman understands Arabic", these slogans were considered racist by many Israelis.[23] These moves were a great success for Yisraeli Beiteinu, and polling showed that the party could win as many as 21 seats in the Knesset. In the end, Yisrael Beiteinu won 15 seats in the Knesset, making it the third-largest party after Kadima (28) and Likud (27), this was the party's best election result in its history. In March 2009, Yisrael Beiteinu joined Benjamin Netanyahu's coalition, and party leader Avigdor Lieberman became Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Affairs Minister, while the party received four other ministerial portfolios, and one deputy minister post.[24]

Previous used logo in 2012

On 25 October 2012, Lieberman and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that Yisrael Beiteinu and Likud would run together on a single ballot in Israel's 22 January 2013 general elections known as Likud Yisrael Beiteinu. "In view of the challenges we're facing, we need responsibility on a national level ... We're providing a true alternative, and an opportunity for the citizens to stabilize leadership and government", Lieberman said.[25]

The joint list was not very successful in the 2013 elections, as the combined power of the two parties went down from 42 seats to 31 seats. Despite the fall in strength, the joint list was still able to lead Israel's new government, and Yisrael Beiteinu retained most of its strength by holding 13 seats in the joint list. Lieberman was reappointed as Netanyahu's foreign minister. The alliance was officially dissolved on 9 July 2014, and the two parties did not run together in the next elections. On 24 December, Yisrael Beiteinu was hit by a major corruption scandal, which greatly hurt the party's image in the public eye and its standing in the polls.[26]

The 2015 elections were a disaster for Yisrael Beiteinu, as the party went down to just 6 MKs, losing over half its strength in the Knesset. Many of the party's former Knesset Members, such as Faina Kirschenbaum were implicated in the corruption scandal that hit the party, and therefore Lieberman had to reshuffle his list and bring forth many new people, such as the journalist Sharon Gal. Despite supporting the formation of a government by Netanyahu, Lieberman chose to keep his party in the opposition, due to personal disputes with Netanyahu and ideological disputes with the ultra-Orthodox parties such as Shas and United Torah Judaism.[27] On 26 May 2016, Yisrael Beiteinu joined Netanyahu's coalition, Lieberman himself was appointed as Minister of Defense . Orly Levy left the party over the entry into the coalition and sat as an independent Knesset Member until the next elections, where she went on to found the Gesher party.

On 14 November 2018, Lieberman announced his resignation from the Israeli government, in protest to a new Gaza ceasefire,.[28][29][30] On 16 November 2018, Netanyahu stated that he would name himself the new Defense Minister.[31] As a result of Lieberman's departure, Yisrael Beiteinu also quit Netanyahu's coalition government.[32] Lieberman's resignation was completed on 18 November 2018.[33] The narrow government that followed Yisrael Beiteinu's departure led to Netanyahu calling a new election.

In the resulting 2019 elections, Yisrael Beiteinu ran a campaign focused on branding itself as a party for the "Secular Right", and focused on the issue of conscripting ultra-Orthodox Jews while simultaneously supporting aggressive security policy against Palestinian terrorism. During the election period, polling showed that Yisrael Beiteinu was at risk of falling below the electoral threshold required to enter the Knesset for the first time in its history, however, despite these polls, the party managed to get 5 seats in the new Knesset, giving it the ability to decide whether Netanyahu formed a right-wing government. The government formation in 2019 was somewhat of a repeat of the situation in the previous elections; Yisrael Beiteinu supported Netanyahu to form a government, but refused to join it, citing an ideological dispute with the ultra-Orthodox parties over the ultra-Orthodox draft law as the reason for remaining in the opposition. Lieberman's refusal to join Netanyahu's coalition led to new elections being called.[34]

On 15 June 2019, ahead of the September 2019 elections, Lieberman announced that Yisrael Beiteinu would only support a national-unity government composed of Likud and the centrist Blue and White and devoid of ultra-Orthodox parties. In an interview with Israel's Channel 13, Lieberman said: "We will aim for a government with Likud and with Kahol Lavan, and that will be an emergency government, a national-liberal government...We will do everything to limit the Haredim, so that they won't enter the government"[35]

Following the 2020 Israeli legislative election, Yisrael Beiteinu won 7 seats, losing 1. The party endorsed Benny Gantz for Prime Minister, before entering the opposition.

Organization

The supreme body in the party is the party conference, which convenes every four years. The party members elect party office-holders including the members of the party arbitration panel, the permanent commission, the municipal commission, and the comptroller.

Yisrael Beiteinu runs for local elections under the name of the city that they run in, such as Petah Tikva Beiteinu ("Petah Tikva Our Home").

In September 2019, Eli Avidar announced that the party intends to set up an LGBT caucus after the September 2019 Israeli legislative election.[36]

Platform and policies

Founding principles

Yisrael Beiteinu's platform begins with a description of its 10 main principles which it calls its "ten commandments":[37]

  1. Security policy based on initiative and preemptive action.
  2. Solution of the conflict through a comprehensive regional agreement and the exchange of territories and populations.
  3. Without loyalty there is no citizenship – Military or National Service for everyone who reaches the age of 18.
  4. Death penalty for terrorists.
  5. Adopting the Shamgar Report (which restricts the things the Israeli government can offer as part of a prisoner exchange) as the sole basis for all future prisoner exchange.
  6. In the case of a dilemma between the unity of the land and the unity of the people, the unity of the people comes first.
  7. Yes to Judaism – no to religious coercion.
  8. Support for Jewish settlement as part of the Zionist ideal and concept of security.
  9. Immigration of Diaspora Jews as a central national goal.
  10. A socio-economic ideal in line with Ze'ev Jabotinsky's five basic needs that should be guaranteed by the government: Food, Housing, Clothing, Education and Healthcare.

Relations with Israeli Arabs and Palestinians
Main article: Lieberman Plan

One of the party's main policies is that of drawing the borders in such a way that areas with large Arab populations, such as the Triangle area and the Wadi Ara, both gained by Israel as part of the 1949 Armistice Agreements, would be transferred to Arab sovereignty. Known as the Lieberman Plan, such an arrangement would mean that the majority of Jews would live in Israel and the majority of Arabs would live in a future Palestinian state. In most cases, there is no physical population transfer or demolition of houses, but creating a new border where none existed before, according to demographics.[38]

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/153, written in 2001, explicitly states: "When part of the territory of a state is transferred by that state to another state, the successor state shall attribute its nationality to the persons concerned who have their habitual residence in the transferred territory and the predecessor state shall withdraw its nationality from such persons", and Lieberman claims that this means Israel can legally transfer territory and citizens as a means of peace and ultimate conflict resolution.[38]

Avigdor Lieberman argues that the Arab residents see themselves not as Israelis, but as Palestinians, and should, therefore, be encouraged to join the Palestinian Authority. Lieberman has presented this proposal as part of a potential peace deal aimed at establishing two separate national entities, one for Jews in Israel and the other for Arabs in Palestine. However, he is known to have an affinity for, and is popular among, the Druze population (the only non-Jewish, Arabic-speaking male population to be fully drafted into the IDF), and has attracted a number of Druze voters, including some in the Golan Heights who voted for the party in protest.[39] Druze candidate Hamad Amar was elected to the Knesset on the party's list in 2009.[40]

Nakba Day reform

Yisrael Beiteinu played a crucial role in passing a law that would fine bodies that receive state funding being spent in recognition of Nakba Day, and events that call for the end of Israel as a Jewish State.[41][42]

Security policy

Yisrael Beiteinu supports a hawkish security policy, emphasizing preemptive strikes against Hamas and other opponents of Israel. Yisrael Beiteinu's security policy, as laid out in the party's platform, is:[37]

  1. Renewing the discontinued policy of the targeted killing of terror leaders.
  2. Reducing the amount of tax money collected by Israel given to the Palestinian Authority in proportion to the amount of money given to terrorists sitting in Israeli prisons and their families.
  3. Ending the transfer of Qatari funds to Hamas by the Israeli government.
  4. Death penalty for terrorists.
  5. Ending the policy of returning terrorist corpses to their families.
  6. Demolishing the houses of all terrorists, not only terrorists who have committed murder.
  7. Revocation of residency from citizens of East Jerusalem who were convicted of terrorism.
  8. Deportation of those who systematically incite terrorism from Jerusalem, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Religion and state

Yisrael Beiteinu's platform states that the party opposes the separation of religion and state. Its platform says that in a country where religion and nationality are two parts of the same whole, religion and state cannot be separated. However, Yisrael Beiteinu's platform states that religion should be separated from political activity, the party believes that religion should not be a source of income and instead should be preserved as a source of "inspiration and belief" for every Jew.[37] Despite the platform's statement that the party opposes separation of religion and state, the party is considered a force for secularism in Israel, and is strongly opposed to the religious policies of Israel's Ultra-Orthodox parties.[3]

Yisrael Beiteinu's policies on Religion and State, as stated by their platform are as follows:[37]

  • Compulsory national or military service for all ultra Orthodox Jews.
  • Permitting city Rabbis to perform conversions. Currently this right is reserved for the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.
  • The opening of the registration areas for marriage, so that couples can marry in any city and with any Rabbi that they desire.
  • The operation of public transportation on Shabbat, in neighborhoods with demand for it and without significant religious population.
  • Opposition to the "Supermarket law", which bans the operation of businesses on Shabbat.
  • The party opposes DNA tests for Jewish converts or for Jews of Russian descent.

Economic policies

Yisrael Beiteinu favors a broadly economically liberal vision of the economy. Its platform opposes increasing taxes and supports a decrease in regulations and an increase in support to small businesses.[37] Despite this broadly liberal view of the economy, the party supports an increase in spending for healthcare and its flagship economic policy is increasing the minimum pension given to pensioners to 70% of the minimum wage.[43]

Yisrael Beiteinu's solution for Israel's housing crisis is cancelling the tax on the usage of pension funds of young couples who want to buy a home with the money.[44]

Knesset members
YB party ballot

Yisrael Beiteinu currently has seven Knesset members:

Year Members Total
2019–2020Avigdor Lieberman, Evgeny Sova, Eli Avidar, Hamad Amar, Oded Forer, Mark Ifraimov, Alex Kushnir, Yulia Malinovsky8
2020–Avigdor Lieberman, Evgeny Sova, Eli Avidar, Hamad Amar, Oded Forer, Alex Kushnir, Yulia Malinovsky7

Election results
Election Leader Votes % Seats +/– Status
1999 Avigdor Lieberman 86,153 (#13) 2.6
4 / 120
 4 Opposition
2003 Avigdor Lieberman 173,973 (#5)
(joint list with National Union)		 5.52
3 / 120
 1 Coalition government
2006 Avigdor Lieberman 281,880 (#5) 8.99
11 / 120
 8 Coalition government
2009 Avigdor Lieberman 394,577 (#3) 11.70
15 / 120
 4 Coalition government
2013 Avigdor Lieberman 885,054 (#1)
(joint list with Likud)		 23.34
13 / 120
 2 Coalition government
2015 Avigdor Lieberman 214,906 (#8) 5.11
6 / 120
 7 Coalition government (2015–2018)
Opposition (2018–2020)
April 2019 Avigdor Lieberman 173,004 (#7) 4.01
5 / 120
 1 Snap election
September 2019 Avigdor Lieberman 310,154 (#5) 6.99
8 / 120
 3 Snap election
2020 Avigdor Lieberman 263,365 (#7) 5.74
7 / 120
 1 Opposition

References
  1. "Bringing the Zionist Dream to Life". yisraelbeytenu.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  2. "Likud signs coalition agreement with Yisrael Beiteinu". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 25 May 2016.
  3. "New poll shows Liberman positioned as Israel's next coalition kingmaker". i24news. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  4. "Lieberman announces call to bring Likud and Blue and White into unity government". JNS. 16 June 2019.
  5. "Yisrael Beiteinu supports the advancement of free-market economic policies". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  6. Khanin, Vladimir (Ze'ev) (2008). "Israel's "Russian" Parties". In Robert O. Freedman (ed.). Contemporary Israel: Domestic Politics, Foreign Policy and Security Challenges. Westview Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0813343853.
  7. Jim Zanotti (1 June 2015). "Israel: Background and U.S. Relations" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 58. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  8. "Israel's Central Elections Committee Releases Final Results After Day of Delays, Computer Malfunctions". The Algemeiner. 11 April 2019.
  9. "Сайт партии "Наш дом Израиль"". Партия "Наш дом Израиль" (in Russian). Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  10. Gottesman, Evan (3 January 2019). "The Decline and Fall of Putin's Favorite Israeli Politician". Haaretz. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  11. Yuval Karni (5 October 2008). "Singer Arik Sinai joins Yisrael Beiteinu". Ynetnews. Retrieved 25 April 2010. Lieberman has been trying to turn Yisrael Beiteinu into a party appealing to a more veteran Israeli public, rather than just new immigrants.
  12. Haviv Rettig Gur (10 February 2009). "Background: Beyond Israel Beiteinu's campaign slogans". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  13. Staff writer. "Liberman: Israel going to polls because Netanyahu surrendered to ultra-Orthodox". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  14. Shahar Ilan (12 February 2009). "Final election results: Kadima 28 seats, Likud 27, Yisrael Beiteinu 15". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  15. Wootliff, Raoul. "Final results show Likud with 36 seats, Netanyahu bloc short of majority with 58". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  16. "Mergers and Splits Among Parliamentary Groups". Knesset. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  17. "Sixteenth Knesset: Government 30". Knesset. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  18. Gideon Alon; Mazal Mualem; Yoav Stern (11 January 2007). "Lieberman calls on Peretz to quit over appointment of first Arab minister". Haaretz. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  19. Gil Hoffman (15 January 2007). "Peretz: Israel Beiteinu 'racist party'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  20. "Israel names first Arab minister". BBC News. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  21. Mazal Mualem (16 January 2008). "Lieberman blasts Arab MKs, pulls party out of government". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  22. Ezra HaLevi (24 January 2008). "Exposé Links Olmert, Lieberman and Sharon to Jericho Casino". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 5 July 2015. The investigation against Lieberman and his daughter have been ongoing for years, but suddenly became active again once he left the government last week.
  23. "Lieberman Now Throwing His 'No Loyalty, No Citizenship' Motto at Shas". Haaretz. Retrieved 9 February 2009.
  24. "Eighteenth Knesset: Government 32". Knesset. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  25. Leshem, Elie (25 October 2012). "Netanyahu, Liberman announce they'll run joint list for Knesset". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  26. Efraim, Omri (24 December 2014). "Lieberman's Yisrael Beiteinu at heart of major corruption scandal". ynet. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  27. Writer, Staff (4 May 2015). "Israeli foreign minister resigns, joins opposition". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  28. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5401885,00.html
  29. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/a-look-at-lieberman-s-bombastic-career-in-israeli-politics-1.6654433
  30. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics/netanyahu-faces-snap-election-calls-after-defense-minister-quits-idUSKCN1NK2D6
  31. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-election/israels-netanyahu-takes-over-defense-job-as-coalition-falters-idUSKCN1NL1KY
  32. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/yisrael-beytenu-party-quits-coalition-leaving-it-with-razor-thin-knesset-majority/
  33. Raoul Wootliff (18 November 2018). "After Jewish Home anger, Netanyahu says he'll reappoint deputy defense minister". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  34. Keating, Joshua (30 May 2019). "Bibi Is Not As Powerful As We Thought He Was". Slate. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  35. "Lieberman: We Will Aim for Government With Gantz and Likud, Exclude the ultra-Orthodox". Haaretz. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
  36. "Yisrael Beytenu lawmaker says party to establish gay caucus after elections". Times of Israel. 7 September 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  37. "אני מאמין - ישראל ביתנו". beytenu (in Hebrew).
  38. Liberman, Avigdor (23 June 2010). "My blueprint for a resolution". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  39. Hagai Einav (12 February 2009). "Druze in Golan vote Lieberman out of 'protest'". Ynet. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  40. "Meet Hamad Amar, Yisrael Beiteinu's Druze candidate". Haaretz. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009.
  41. "Lieberman's party proposes ban on Arab Nakba". Haaretz. Reuters. 14 May 2009.
  42. Bronner, Ethan; Khaled Abu Aker; Taghreed El-Khodary (1 June 2009). "6 Die as Palestinian Authority Forces Clash With Hamas". The New York Times. p. A4.
  43. "דרישת ישראל ביתנו: עוד 2.5 מיליארד שקל לקצבאות זקנה". Calcalist. Calcalist. 29 April 2019.
  44. "הבית המסוכן של ישראל ביתנו". Calcalist. Calcalist. 25 February 2019.
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