(163899) 2003 SD220

(163899) 2003 SD220 is a sub-kilometer asteroid and tumbling slow rotator, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Aten group, which orbit the Sun between Venus and Earth. Its orbital period of 0.75 years means that it orbits the sun about 4 times for every 3 of the Earth. It was discovered on 29 September 2003, by astronomers of the Lowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object Search at Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona.[2]

(163899) 2003 SD220
The orbit of 2003 SD220 extends slightly outside of the orbit of Earth.
Discovery [1][2]
Discovered byLONEOS
Discovery siteAnderson Mesa Stn.
Discovery date29 September 2003
Designations
(163899) 2003 SD220
2003 SD220 · 2000 AD229
NEO · PHA · Aten [1][2]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc15.96 yr (5,828 days)
Aphelion1.0019 AU
Perihelion0.6533 AU
0.8276 AU
Eccentricity0.2106
0.75 yr (275 days)
322.67°
1° 18m 33.12s / day
Inclination8.4591°
274.05°
326.47°
Earth MOID0.0174 AU · 6.8 LD
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
0.80±0.02 km[3]
1.03 km (calculated)[4]
285±5 h[5][lower-alpha 1]
11.9±0.2 days
0.20 (assumed)[4]
0.31±0.04[3]
S (assumed)[4]
17.3[1][4] · 17.36[3]

    Earth flybys 2015–2027
    Minimum distances from 2009 to 2027

    It passed about 28 lunar distances (LD) from the Earth on 25 December 2015. It came within about 7 LD (0.0189 AU) on 22 December 2018. Its peak brightness was about 13.13 magnitude on 16 December 2018.

    Observations are planned for favorable flybys in 2021, 2024, and 2027. It will pass with 14 LD (0.0363 AU) on 17 December 2021, and 34 LD (0.0884 AU) on 2 December 2024, and 54 LD (0.1382 AU) on 12 November 2027.[1]

    Patrick Taylor of Arecibo Observatory suggested it could be a target for a future robotic mission.[6]

    Closest flyby 2018

    2003 SD220 passed its closest distance of 7.34 LD (0.01899 AU) on 22 December 2018. It was on the list of Goldstone targets for December 2018 [7] to gain more information for the Near-Earth Object Human Space Flight Accessible Targets Study (NHATS).[8]


    Asteroid 2003 SD220 radar images (15–17 December 2018)[9]

    Its peak brightness was about 13.1 magnitude on 16 December 2018, moving south from Ursa major and Boötes into Ophiuchus at closest approach and into Sagittarius.

    The daily motion of (163899) 2003 SD220 in December 2018

    2015

    It was observed in December 2015 at a distance of 28.3 lunar distances (0.07296 AU) on December 24, and its brightest was 15.22 magnitude on December 16. It showed an elongated shape, up to 2 km wide, described as being shaped like a sweet potato.

    GDSCC Arecibo Observatory

    17 December 2015
    22 December 2015
    3–16 December 2015
    Path of asteroid during December 2015 (3 day motion)

    2021

    2003 SD220 will pass at a distance of 14.1  lunar distances (0.03628 AU) on December 17, 2021.

    Notes
    1. Lightcurve plot of (163899) 2003 SD220, by Brian Warner, Palmer Divide Station, California (2015). Rotation period of 285±5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 2.2±0.1 mag. Quality Code 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 163899 (2003 SD220)" (2015-12-21 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
    2. "163899 (2003 SD220)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
    3. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
    4. "LCDB Data for (163899)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 22 November 2017.
    5. Warner, Brian D. (April 2016). "Near-Earth Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at CS3-Palmer Divide Station: 2015 October-December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (2): 143–154. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..143W. ISSN 1052-8091.
    6. Silent Night: Asteroid 2003 SD220 Sleighs by Earth on Christmas Eve Archived 2016-08-10 at the Wayback Machine Arecibo Observatory
    7. https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html
    8. https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/nhats/intro.html
    9. Agle, DC; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna; Blue, Charles; Correa, Ricardo (21 December 2018). "Holiday Asteroid Imaged with NASA Radar". NASA. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
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