(308635) 2005 YU₅₅

Trajectory of asteroid 2005 YU₅₅ compared with the orbits of Earth and the Moon on 8–9 November 2011.

Apparent trajectory on 8–9 November 2011.

In February 2010, (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ was rated 1 on the Torino Scale for a potential pass near Earth on 10 November 2103,[12] that posed no unusual level of danger. On 19 April 2010, radar ranging by the Arecibo radio telescope reduced uncertainties about the orbit by 50%.[7] This improvement eliminated any possibility of an impact with Earth within the next 100 years.[7] It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 22 April 2010 and as such it now has a rating of 0 on the Torino Scale.[13] It is now known that on 10 November 2103 (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ will be roughly 2 AU from Earth.[14]

On 8 November 2011 at 23:28 UT the asteroid passed 0.85 LD (330,000 km; 200,000 mi) from Earth.[11] On 9 November 2011 at 07:13 UT the asteroid passed 0.6231 LD (239,500 km; 148,800 mi) from the Moon.[15] During the close approach the asteroid reached about apparent magnitude 11,[6][16] and would have been visible to experienced observers using high-end binoculars with an objective lens of 80⁺ mm if it were not for bright moonlight preventing a true dark sky. Since the gibbous moon did interfere with the viewing,[3] observers trying to visually locate the asteroid required a telescope with an aperture of 6 inches (15 centimeters) or larger.[3][11]

The next few times a known asteroid this large will come this close to Earth will be in 2028[3] when (153814) 2001 WN5 passes 0.65 LD from Earth,[17] and in 2029 when the 325-meter 99942 Apophis comes even closer at just 0.10 LD.[18]

According to Jay Melosh, if an asteroid the size of (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ (~400 m across) were to hit land, it would create a crater 6.3 km (3.9 mi) across, 518 m (1,699 ft) deep and generate a seven-magnitude-equivalent-earthquake.[19] The chances of an actual collision with an asteroid like (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ is about 1 percent in the next thousand years.[19]

During the 2011 passage (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ was studied with radar using Goldstone, Arecibo, the Very Long Baseline Array, and the Green Bank Telescope.[3] The Herschel Space Observatory has made far-infrared measurements of (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ on 10 November, helping determine its temperature and composition.[20]

Radar analysis has also helped to pin down the asteroid's albedo, or diffuse reflectivity. Although radar measurements do not detect visible light they can determine the distance and size of an object with a high degree of accuracy. This information, coupled with visible light measurements, provides a more accurate measure of an object's absolute magnitude, and therefore its albedo.

On 8 November 2011, NASA released a statement mentioning a number of structures on the surface of the asteroid, which were detected as it passed near Earth.[21] On 11 November 2011, higher-resolution images showed concavities, a ridge near the asteroid's equator, and numerous features interpreted as decameter-scale boulders.[8][22] Shape modeling based on the radar images shows that YU55's shape is close to spheroidal, with maximum dimensions of 360±40 m, and an equator-aligned ridge. A 150–200 meter-long, ~20 meter-high rise forms a portion of the ridge-line, and the number of boulders on the surface is comparable to that seen on the asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa spacecraft.[8]

Optical lightcurve measurements during the flyby provided a more accurate estimate of the asteroid's spin period – about 19.3 hours.[9] Because (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ is so nearly spheroidal, it was not significantly torqued by Earth's tides during the flyby, and there is no evidence of non-principal-axis rotation. Optical, near-infrared,[10] and ultraviolet[23] spectroscopy confirmed that 2005 YU₅₅ is a C-type asteroid.

On 19 January 2029, (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ will pass 0.0023 AU (340,000 km; 210,000 mi) from Venus.[15] The close approach distance to Venus in 2029 will determine how close the asteroid will pass to Earth in 2041.[3] Before the November 2011 observations, the uncertainties in the post-2029 trajectory showed that the asteroid would pass somewhere between 0.002 AU (300,000 km; 190,000 mi) and 0.3 AU (45,000,000 km; 28,000,000 mi) of Earth in 2041.[3] Radar astrometry in November 2011 clarified the Earth passage in 2041 and beyond.[3] As a result of the November 2011 radar observations, it is now known that (308635) 2005 YU₅₅ will pass between 0.1017 AU (15,210,000 km; 9,450,000 mi) and 0.1020 AU of Earth on 12 November 2041.[15] Using the current uncertainty region integrated until the future, the 2075 approach will be between 0.0013 AU (190,000 km; 120,000 mi) and 0.0021 AU (310,000 km; 200,000 mi).[15]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2005 YU55.

• "Live webcast: Keck telescope to watch asteroid flyby" (Ustream video). Archived from the original on 2 April 2012.
• "2005 YU55 observing campaign".
• "Orbital simulation of 2005 YU55". nasa.gov (animated GIF image).
• "NASA asteroid Q&A (on YU55)". 1 November 2011.
• Emily Lakdawalla (29 April 2010). "Arecibo saves us from another potentially hazardous asteroid". Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
• Phil Plait (9 May 2011). "No, 2005 YU55 won't destroy the Earth".
• "Asteroid 2005 YU55 will zip by Earth next week".
• David Dickinson (5 November 2011). "The passage of asteroid 2005 YU55 & how to see it".
• Peter Lake (8 November 2011). "Photos of flyby and Observation guide". Archived from the original on 10 November 2011.
• "Rotation simulation". Nasa.Gov. Video gallery.
• (308635) 2005 YU55 at NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Obs prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Obs info · Close · Physical info · NEOCC
• (308635) 2005 YU55 at ESA–space situational awareness
  • Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical Properties · Summary
• (308635) 2005 YU55 at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters