1. FSV Mainz 05

A failed attempt to start a football club in the city in 1903 was followed up two years later by the successful creation of 1. Mainzer Fussballclub Hassia 1905. After a number of years of play in the Süddeutschen Fußballverband (South German Football League), the club merged with FC Hermannia 07 – the former football side of Mainzer TV 1817 – to form 1. Mainzer Fussballverein Hassia 05, which dropped "Hassia" from its name in August 1912. Another merger after World War I, in 1919, with Sportverein 1908 Mainz, resulted in the formation of 1. Mainzer Fußball- und Sportverein 05. Die Nullfünfer were a solid club that earned several regional league championships in the period between the wars and qualified for the opening round of the national championships in 1921, after winning the Kreisliga Hessen.[1]

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the club earned decent results in the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen – Gruppe Hessen, including first-place finishes in 1932 and 1933. This merited the team a place in the Gauliga Südwest, one of 16 new first-division leagues formed in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. Unfortunately, the club only managed a single season at that level before being relegated, due to the high intensity play that they were unable to keep up with. Karl Scherm scored in 23 out of 44 matches with Mainz during his last season. In 1938, Mainz was forced into a merger with Reichsbahn SV Mainz and played as Reichsbahn SV Mainz 05 until the end of World War II.[1]

Historical chart of 1. FSV Mainz league performance after WWII

After World War II, the club again joined the upper ranks of league play in Germany's Oberliga Südwest, but were never better than a mid-table side. It played in the top flight until the founding of the new professional league, the Bundesliga, in 1963 and would go on to play as a second division side for most of the next four decades. They withdrew for a time – from the late 1970s into the late 1980s – to the Amateur Oberliga Südwest (III), as the result of a series of financial problems.[3] Mainz earned honours as the German amateur champions in 1982.[4]

The club returned to professional play with promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for a single season in 1988–89 with Bodo Hertlein as president, before finally returning for an extended run in 1990–91. Initially, they were perennial relegation candidates, struggling hard each season to avoid being sent down. However, under unorthodox trainer Wolfgang Frank, Mainz became one of the first clubs in German soccer to adopt a flat four zone defence, as opposed to the then-popular man-to-man defence using a libero.[4]

Mainz failed in three attempts to make it to the top flight in 1996–97, 2001–02, and 2002–03, with close fourth-place finishes just out of the promotion zone. The last failed attempt stung as they were denied promotion in the 93rd minute of the last match of the season. One year earlier, Mainz became the best non-promoted team of all-time in the 2. Bundesliga with 64 points accumulated. However, the club's persistence paid dividends after promotion to the Bundesliga in 2003–04 under head coach Jürgen Klopp. The club played three seasons in the top flight but were relegated at the end of the 2006–07 season. Mainz then secured promotion back to the top flight just two years later, after the 2008–09 season.[4]

Mainz also earned a spot in the 2005–06 UEFA Cup in their debut Bundesliga season as Germany's nominee in the Fair Play draw which acknowledges positive play, respect for one's opponent, respect for the referee, the behaviour of the crowd and of team officials, as well as cautions and dismissals.[5] Due to the Bruchweg stadium's limited capacity, the home matches in UEFA Cup were played in Frankfurt's Commerzbank-Arena.[6] After defeating Armenian club Mika and Icelandic club Keflavík in the qualifying rounds, Mainz lost to eventual champions Sevilla 2–0 on aggregate in the first round.[7]

In the 2010–11 season, Mainz equalled the Bundesliga starting record by winning their first seven matches that season.[8] They ended the season with their best finish to date in fifth place, good enough to secure them their second entry to the UEFA Europa League,[9] where they were eliminated in the third qualifying round by Romanian club Gaz Metan Mediaș.[4]

As of 1 February 2021[15]

No. Pos. Nation Player 4 DF  NED Jerry St. Juste 5 MF  NED Jean-Paul Boëtius 6 MF  GER Danny Latza (captain) 7 FW  SWE Robin Quaison 8 MF  GER Levin Öztunalı 9 FW  GER Robert Glatzel (on loan from Cardiff City) 14 MF  CMR Pierre Kunde 15 DF  GER Luca Kilian 16 DF  GER Stefan Bell 17 MF  AUT Kevin Stöger 18 DF  GER Daniel Brosinski 19 DF  FRA Moussa Niakhaté (vice-captain) 20 MF   SUI Edimilson Fernandes 21 FW  AUT Karim Onisiwo 22 DF  GER Danny da Costa (on loan from Eintracht Frankfurt)

No. Pos. Nation Player 23 DF  AUT Phillipp Mwene 24 MF  GER Merveille Papela 25 MF  GER Niklas Tauer 26 MF  GER Paul Nebel 27 GK  GER Robin Zentner 28 FW  HUN Ádám Szalai 29 FW  GER Jonathan Burkardt 31 MF  GER Dominik Kohr (on loan from Eintracht Frankfurt) 33 GK  ISR Omer Hanin 35 MF  LUX Leandro Barreiro 36 FW  AUT Suliman Mustapha 37 GK  GER Finn Dahmen 41 GK  GER Marius Liesegang 42 DF  GER Alexander Hack

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player — GK  GER Florian Müller (at SC Freiburg until 30 June 2021) — DF  GER Ahmet Gürleyen (at SV Wehen Wiesbaden until 30 June 2021) — DF  BEL Dimitri Lavalée (at Sint-Truidense until 30 June 2021) — DF  ESP Aarón Martín (at Celta Vigo until 30 June 2021)

No. Pos. Nation Player — DF  GER Jonathan Meier (at Dynamo Dresden until 30 June 2021) — DF  FRA Ronaël Pierre-Gabriel (at Stade Brestois 29 until 30 June 2021) — FW  GHA Abass Issah (at FC Twente until 30 June 2021) — FW  FRA Jean-Philippe Mateta (at Crystal Palace until 30 June 2022) — FW  KOR Ji Dong-won (at Eintracht Braunschweig until 30 June 2021)