1750s

The 1750's decade ran from January 1, 1750, to December 31, 1759. The 1750s was a pioneering decade. Waves of settlers flooded the New World (specifically the Americas) in hopes of re-establishing new life away from European control, and electricity was a field of novelty that have yet to be merged with the studies of chemistry and engineering. Much of the modern scientific studies today, are the products of this era, – many of the discoveries of the 1750s, forged the basis of contemporary scientific consensus. As the Baroque era comes into an end, the world enters an age of enlightenment following the conclusion of this decade.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
Categories:
  • Births
  • Deaths
  • By country
  • By topic
  • Establishments
  • Disestablishments
From top left, clockwise: The Treaty of Madrid amends the pre-existing Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). Signed in 1750, this Spanish-Portuguese agreement, enabled Portugal to claim more holdings in what is now Brazil; Dzungar Khanate is captured by Qing forces in 1755, ultimately transferring Xinjiang into the hands of Han Chinese power – a legacy that continues to this day in modern-day China; A destructive earthquake and tsunami ravages the city of Lisbon in 1755, strongly influencing the studies of engineering, as well as philosophical thoughts on the Western Age of Enlightenment; Britain's victory during the Battle of Quiberon Bay signalled the rise of the British Navy's power, as it heightens its ranks of becoming the world's foremost naval power, and a dominant global entity for the next two centuries; Halley's Comet appears accurately from scientific projections for the first time in 1759; Artificial refrigeration is invented and first used in 1758 under the studies of Scottish physician and chemist William Cullen; The precipitation of the French and Indian War in 1754 proved to become one of North America's first major interstate conflicts, and one of the largest to significantly involve Native American tribes such as the Iroquois, the Cherokee, and the Mi'kmaqs; Benjamin Franklin conducts his now-iconic kite experiment in 1752, leading him to the discovery of electricity and the invention of lightning rods.

Events

1750

January–March
  • January 13 – The Treaty of Madrid between Spain and Portugal authorizes a larger Brazil than had the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, which originally established the boundaries of the Portuguese and Spanish territories in South America.
  • January 24 – A fire in Istanbul destroys 10,000 homes.[1]
  • February 15 – After Spain and Portugal agree that the Uruguay River will be the boundary line between the two kingdoms' territory in South America, the Spanish Governor orders the Jesuits to vacate seven Indian missions along the river (San Angel, San Nicolas, San Luis, San Lorenzo, San Miguel, San Juan and San Borja).[2]
  • March 5 – The Murray-Kean Company, a troupe of actors from Philadelphia, gives the first performance of a play announced in advance in a newspaper, presenting Richard III at New York City's Nassau Street Theatre.[3]
  • March 20 – The first number of Samuel Johnson's The Rambler appears.

April–June
  • April 13 – Dr. Thomas Walker and five other men (Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew, William Tomlinson, Henry Lawless and John Hughes) cross through the Cumberland Gap, a mountain pass through the Appalachian Mountains, to become the first white people to venture into territories that had been inhabited exclusively by various Indian tribes.[4] On April 17, Walker's party continues through what is now Kentucky and locates the Cumberland River, which Walker names in honor of Prince William, Duke of Cumberland.
  • April 14
  • April 25 – The Acadian settlement in Beaubassin, Nova Scotia, is destroyed by French-backed armies, and the population is forcibly relocated, after France and Great Britain agree that the Missaguash River should be the new boundary between French Nova Scotia and British New Brunswick [7]
  • May 16 – Two weeks after police in Paris arrest six teenagers for gambling in the suburb of Saint-Laurent, rioting breaks out when a rumor spreads that plainclothes policemen are hauling off small children between the ages of five to ten years old, in order to provide blood to an ailing aristocrat.[8] Over the next two weeks, rioting breaks out in other sections of Paris. Police are attacked, including one who is beaten to death by the mob, until order is restored and police reforms are announced.[9]
  • June 19 – At a time when mountain climbing is still relatively uncommon, Eggert Ólafsson and Bjarni Pálsson scale their first peak, the 4,892 feet (1,491 m) high Icelandic volcano, Hekla.[10]
  • June 24 – Parliament passes Britain's Iron Act, designed to restrict American manufactured goods by prohibiting additional ironworking businesses from producing finished goods. At the same time, import taxes on raw iron from America are lifted in order to give British manufacturers additional material for production.[11] By 1775, the North American colonies have surpassed England and Wales in iron production and have become the world's third largest producer of iron.
  • June 29 – An attempt in Lima, to begin a native uprising against Spanish colonial authorities in the Viceroyalty of Peru, is discovered and thwarted.[12] One of the conspirators, Francisco Garcia Jimenez, escapes to Huarochirí and kills dozens of Spaniards on July 25.

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

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Significant people

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References
  1. "Fires", in The New International Encyclopedia (Volume 8) (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1915 p604
  2. R. B. Cunninghame Graham, A Vanished Arcadia, being Some Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay (Haskell House Publishers, 1901, 1968) pp237-238
  3. Heather S. Nathans, Early American Theatre from the Revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the Hands of the People (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p30
  4. Henry P. Scalf, Kentucky's Last Frontier (The Overmountain Press, 2000) pp33-34
  5. "Antislavery Movements", by Marie-Annick Gournet, in France and the Americas, ed. by Bill Marshall (ABC-CLIO, 2005) p77
  6. Herbert Eugene Bolton, Texas in the Middle Eighteenth Century— Studies in Spanish Colonial History and Administration (University of California Press, 1915) p303
  7. A. J. B. Johnston, Endgame 1758: The Promise, the Glory, and the Despair of Louisbourg's Last Decade (University of Nebraska Press, 2007) p60
  8. "Child Abduction Panic", in Outbreak!: The Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Social Behavior, ed. by Hilary Evans and Robert E. Bartholomew (Anomalist Books, LLC, 2009) pp83-84
  9. Henri Martin, The Decline of the French Monarchy (Walker, Fuller and Company, 1866) p395
  10. Halldór Hermannsson, Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library (Cornell University Library, 1922) p23
  11. Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom, The Industrial Revolution in America (ABC-CLIO, 2005) pp4-5
  12. Alcira Duenas, Indians and Mestizos in the "Lettered City" (University Press of Colorado, 2011)
  13. Cornelius Walford, ed., The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p52
  14. Christopher C. Meyers, The Empire State of the South: Georgia History in Documents and Essays (Mercer University Press, 2008) p113
  15. Ian S. Glass, Nicolas-Louis De La Caille, Astronomer and Geodesist (Oxford University Press, 2013) pp30-33
  16. Thomas Maclear, Verification and Extension of La Caille's Arc of Meridian at the Cape of Good Hope (Mowry and Barclay, 1838) p58
  17. "Crispus Attucks— First martyr of the American Revolution", by Lerone Bennett, Jr., Ebony magazine (July 1968) p87
  18. KaaVonia Hinton, The Story of the Underground Railroad (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2010) p24
  19. Max Savelle, Empires to Nations: Expansion in America, 1713-1824 (University of Minnesota Press, 1974) p131
  20. "The First Transfer at the Louvre in 1750: Andrea del Sarto's La Charite", by Gilberte Emile-Male, in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings (Getty Publications, 2004) p278
  21. Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher (1995). The London Encyclopaedia. Macmillan. p. 976. ISBN 0-333-57688-8.
  22. John Kenrick, Musical Theatre: A History (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017) p36
  23. "In a Porcelain Mirror: Reflections of Russia from Peter I to Empress Elizabeth", by Lydia Liackhova, in Fragile Diplomacy: Moisson Porcelain for European courts ca. 1710-63 (Yale University Press, 2007) p74
  24. Fielding H. Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data (W.B. Saunders Company, 1913) p394
  25. Clear, Todd R.; Cole, George F.; Resig, Michael D. (2006). American Corrections (7th ed.). Thompson.
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