1770s

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century; 18th century; 19th century;
Decades:	1750s; 1760s; 1770s; 1780s; 1790s;
Years:	1770; 1771; 1772; 1773; 1774; 1775; 1776; 1777; 1778; 1779;
Categories:	Births; Deaths; By country; By topic; Establishments; Disestablishments;

The 1770s (pronounced "seventeen-seventies") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1770, and ended on December 31, 1779. A period full of discoveries, breakthroughs happened in all walks of life, as what emerged at this period brought life to most innovations we know today. From nations such as the United States of America, birthed through hardships such as the American Revolutionary War and altercations akin to the Boston Tea Party, spheres of influence such as Russia from its victorious Crimean claims at the Russo-Turkish War, the Industrial Revolution, and populism, their influence remains omnipresent to this day. New lands south of the Equator were discovered and settled by Europeans like James Cook, expanding the horizons of a New World to new reaches such as Australia and French Polynesia, as studies on chemistry and politics deepen to forge the Age of Reason for centuries to come.

From top left, clockwise: Englishmen and sailor James Cook concludes his inaugural and embarks on his second voyage, leaving a trail of significant milestones along its way such as the discovery of New Caledonia, Australia, Tahiti, the Antarctic Circle, and becoming the first humans to witness Antarctic waters as pictured; The United States Declaration of Independence was unanimously signed and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, announcing the colonies' intention to separate from Great Britain; Company rule in India establishes governance over India for the first time at Calcutta, giving way for British colonialism over the Indian subcontinent, and eventually Western imperialism in Asia; Nitrogen gas was isolated from air by Scottish scientist Daniel Rutherford; Amazing Grace was sung for the first time as a hymn in Buckinghamshire, England at 1773; Chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele made several breakthroughs in chemistry by discovering five chemical elements, namely oxygen (1771), barium (1772), chlorine (1774), manganese (1774), and molybdenum (1778); The Boston Tea Party protest precipitates anti-British sentiment in the Thirteen Colonies, and subsequently the American Revolutionary War; A Russo-Turkish War lead to now-Russia's first occupation of Crimea; initiating Russia's influence over Crimea that has since persisted today.

Events

1770

January– March

January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort.
February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virginia is destroyed by fire, along with most of his books.[1]
February 14 – Scottish explorer James Bruce arrives at Gondar, capital of Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) and is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II and Ras Mikael Sehul.[2]
February 22 – Christopher Seider, an 11-year-old boy in Boston at the British Province of Massachusetts Bay, is shot and killed by a colonial official, Ebenezer Richardson. The funeral sets off anti-British protests that lead to the massacre days later.[3]
March 5 – Boston Massacre: Eleven American men are shot (five fatally) by British troops, in an event that helps start the American Revolutionary War five years later.
March 21 – King Prithvi Narayan Shah shifts to the newly constructed Basantapur Palace in the capital Kathmandu as the first King of Unified Kingdom of Nepal
March 26 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand.

April–June

April 12 – The Townshend Acts were repealed by Britain's Parliament by the efforts of Prime Minister Frederick North, with the exception of the increased duties on imported tea. The American colonists, in turn, stopped their embargo on British imports.[4]
April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log)[5] 18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land was sighted at Point Hicks, and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observed landform at 6am.
April 20 – Battle of Aspindza: Georgian king Erekle II defeats the Ottoman forces, despite being abandoned by an ally, Russian General Totleben.
April 29 – First voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook drops anchor on HMS Endeavour in a wide bay, about 16 km (10 mi) south of the present city of Sydney, Australia. Because the young botanist on board the ship, Joseph Banks, discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the area, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, Cook names the place Botany Bay on May 7.
May 7 – Fourteen-year-old Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.
May 16 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis-Auguste (who later becomes King Louis XVI of France).
May 20 – A stampede, at a celebration of the newly wedded Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste in Paris, kills more than a hundred people.[6]
June 3 –
- Gaspar de Portolà and Father Junípero Serra establish Monterey, the presidio of Alta California territory for Spain from 1777–1822, United Mexican States 1824–1846, until the California Republic.
- The 7.5 M_w Port-au-Prince earthquake affects the French colony of Saint-Domingue with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 250 or more.
June 9 – Falklands Crisis (1770): Some 1,600 Spanish marines, sent by the Spanish governor of Buenos Aires in five frigates, seize Port Egmont in the Falkland Islands. The small British force present promptly surrenders.[7]
June 11 – First voyage of James Cook: HMS Endeavour grounds on the Great Barrier Reef.

July– September

July 1 – Lexell's Comet (D/1770 L1) passes the Earth at a distance of 2184129 km, the closest approach by a comet in recorded history.[8]
July 5 – Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga: The Russian Empire defeats the Ottoman Empire in both battles. When the news of the defeat reaches the Ottoman city of Smyrna (July 8), the crowd attack the Greek community of the city (perceived as favourable to the Russian cause) and kills an estimated 200 Greeks and three Western Europeans (although some reports estimate the number of victims at 3,000 or even 5,000 including "3 or 4 thousands who die due to the fright").[9][10]
August 1 (July 21 O.S.) – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) – Battle of Kagul: Russian commander Pyotr Rumyantsev routs 150,000 Turks.
August 22 (August 23 by Cook's log) – First voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook determines that New Holland (Australia) is not contiguous with New Guinea, and claims the whole of its eastern coast for Great Britain, later naming it all New South Wales.
September 24 – In the Hillsborough, North Carolina, the Regulator Movement riots against local authorities.[11]

October–December

October 11 – Phillis Wheatley becomes the first African American woman to have her work published, after having written a poetic elegy to the late Reverend George Whitefield.[12]
November 14 – James Bruce discovers what he believes to be the source of the Nile.
December 7 – King Louis XV of France issues the "Edict of December", dismissing the rebellious magistrates of the Parlements of Paris and the other 13 provinces.[13][14]
December 24 – France's Secretary of the Navy, César Gabriel de Choiseul, is fired from his position by the King.[15]

Date unknown

Johann Gottfried Herder meets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Strasbourg.
Joseph Priestley, British chemist, recommends the use of a rubber to remove pencil marks.
Joseph-Louis Lagrange proves Bachet's Conjecture.
The Baron d'Holbach's (anonymous) materialist work Le Système de la Nature ou Des Loix du Monde Physique et du Monde Moral is produced in Neuchâtel.
The last Cuman who spoke the Cuman language (István Varró) dies in Hungary.

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Births

Transcluded articles: 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779

1770

February 21 – Georges Mouton, Marshal of France (d. 1838)
March 2 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet, Marshal of France (d. 1826)
March 20 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (d. 1843)
April 3 – Theodoros Kolokotronis, Greek general (d. 1843)
April 7 – William Wordsworth, English poet (d. 1850)
April 8 – John Campbell, Australian public servant, politician (d. 1830)
April 11 – George Canning, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
April 25 – Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian philologist (d. 1850)
April 30 – David Thompson, English-Canadian explorer (d. 1857)
May 10 – Louis-Nicolas Davout, Marshal of France (d. 1823)
May 15 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur, politician (d. 1843)
May 27 – Ignaz Döllinger, German anatomist, physiologist (d. 1841)
May 29 – Charles Adams, second son of President John Adams (1735–1826) (d. 1800)
June 1 – Friedrich Laun, German author (d. 1849)

Manuel Belgrano

June 3 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentine politician, general in the Independence War (d. 1820)
June 4 – Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll, Swedish countess, poet and salon holder (d. 1835)
June 7 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1828)
June 20 – Moses Waddel, American educator/minister and bestselling author (d. 1840)
August 1 – William Clark, American explorer, Governor of Missouri Territory, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1838)
August 3 – King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840)
August 18 – Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer, German scholar (d. 1825)

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

August 27 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher (d. 1831)
October 10 – Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Baltic German explorer who led the First Russian circumnavigation (d. 1846)
October 18 – Thomas Phillips, English painter (d. 1845)
November 5 – Sarah Guppy, English inventor (d. 1852)
November 19 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish-Icelandic sculptor (d. 1844)

Ludwig van Beethoven

December 17 (bapt.) – Ludwig van Beethoven, German classical composer (d. 1827)
December 18 – Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marshal of France, Minister of War (d. 1840)

1771

February 14 – Hanne Tott, Danish circus artist, circus manager (d. 1826)
March 16 – Antoine-Jean Gros, French painter (d. 1835)
March 20 – Heinrich Clauren, German author (d. 1854)
March 25 – Germanos III of Old Patras, Greek Metropolitan Bishop of Patras (d. 1826)
April 3 – Hans Nielsen Hauge, Norwegian revivalist, entrepreneur (d. 1824)
April 13 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor (d. 1833)
April 18 – Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1820)
April 27 – Jean Rapp, French general (d. 1821)
May 1 – Cajsa Wahllund, Finnish restaurateur (d. 1843)
May 11 – Laskarina Bouboulina, Greek independence heroine (d. 1825)

Robert Owen

May 14 – Robert Owen, Welsh social reformer (d. 1858)
May 16 – Louis Henri Loison, French general (d. 1816)

Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover

June 5 – Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (d. 1851)
June 24 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, French-American chemist, industrialist (d. 1834)
August 15 – Sir Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, poet (d. 1832)
September 5 – Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general, statesman (d. 1847)
September 11 – Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806)
September 17 – Johann August Apel, German writer, jurist (d. 1816)
September 23 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840)
October 9 – Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1815)
October 23 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813)
November 14 – Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and pathologist (d. 1802)
December 14 – Regina von Siebold, German physician and obstetrician (d. 1849)
December 27 – William Johnson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1834)
Unknown – William Lloyd, Welsh Anglican priest turned schoolteacher and Methodist preacher (d. 1841)

1772

January 20 – Angélique Brûlon, French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (d. 1859)
January 30 – Godfrey Higgins, British archaeologist (d. 1833)
February 24 – William H. Crawford, American politician, judge (d. 1834)
March 10 – Friedrich von Schlegel, German poet (d. 1829)
March 15 – József Ficzkó, Burgenland Croatian writer (d. 1843)
April 4 – Nachman of Breslov, Hasidic rabbi and founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d. 1810)
April 5 – Domenico Puccini, Italian composer (d. 1815)
April 7 – Charles Fourier, French philosopher (d. 1837)
April 18 – David Ricardo, British economist (d. 1823)
April 30 – Karl Gustav Himly, German surgeon, ophthalmologist (d. 1837)
May 2 – Novalis, German poet (d. 1801)
May 20 – William Congreve, British rocket pioneer (d. 1828)
May 22 – Ram Mohan Roy, Hindu religious and social reformer (d. 1833)
June 7 – Aurora Liljenroth, Swedish scholar (d. 1836)
July 11 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (d. 1838)
August 2 – Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien (d. 1804)
August 15 – Johann Nepomuk Mälzel, German inventor (d. 1838)

William I of the Netherlands

August 24 – King William I of the Netherlands (d. 1843)
September 7 – Mark Newman, 3rd Principal of Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. (d. 1859)
September 27 – Martha Jefferson Randolph, Acting First Lady of the United States (1801-1809) (d. 1836)
October 6 – Anna Maria Rüttimann-Meyer von Schauensee, politically active Swiss salonist (d. 1856)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

October 21 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet and philosopher (d. 1834)
October 25 – Géraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)
November 5 – Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière, French admiral (d. 1849)
November 8 – William Wirt, 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834)
November 18 – Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, German prince (d. 1806)
date unknown – Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Indonesian religious and military leader (d. 1864)
approximate date
- Charlotte Dacre, English Gothic novelist (d. 1825)
- Lalon, Bengali philosopher, Baul saint, mystic, songwriter, social reformer and thinker (d. 1890)

1773

Robert Fullerton

January 14 – William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, British ambassador to China, Governor-General of India (d. 1857)
January 16 – Robert Fullerton, governor of Penang, first governor of British Straits Settlements (d. 1831)
January 27 – Prince Augustus of Great Britain, Duke of Sussex (d. 1843)
January 29 – Friedrich Mohs, German geologist, mineralogist (d. 1839)

William Henry Harrison

February 9 – William Henry Harrison, American military leader and 9th President of the United States (d. 1841)
March 14 – John Holmes, American politician (d. 1843)
March 16 – Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (d. 1836)
March 26 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (d. 1838)
April 4 – Étienne Maurice Gérard, Prime Minister and Marshal of France (d. 1852)
April 9
- Étienne Aignan, French writer, librettist, and playwright (d. 1824)
- Marie Boivin, French midwife, inventor and obstetrics writer (d. 1841)
April 14 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Prime Minister of France (d. 1854)
April 24 – Edmund Cartwright, English inventor, Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1823)
May 2 – Henrik Steffens, Norwegian philosopher (d. 1845)
May 3 – Giuseppe Acerbi, Italian explorer (d. 1846)

Klemens von Metternich

May 15 – Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian statesman (d. 1859)
May 19 – Arthur Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist (d. 1854)
May 31 – Ludwig Tieck, German writer (d. 1853)
June 13 – Thomas Young, English scientist (d. 1829)
July 23 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
August 12 – Karl Faber, German historian (d. 1853)
August 22 – Aimé Bonpland, French explorer, botanist (d. 1858)
September 17 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (d. 1849)

Louis Philippe I

October 4 – Harriet Auber, English poet, hymnist (d. 1862)
October 6 – Louis Philippe I, King of the French (d. 1850)
November 6 – Henry Hunt, British politician (d. 1835)
November 24 – Shadrach Bond, American politician and the first governor of Illinois (d. 1832)
December 9 – Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt, French general, diplomat (d. 1827)
December 17 – Sylvain Charles Valée, Marshal of France (d. 1846)
December 21 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (d. 1858)
December 27 – Sir George Cayley, English aviation pioneer (d. 1857)
Unknown – Johann Gottfried Arnold, German cellist (d. 1806)
Unknown – Kyra Frosini, Greek heroine (d. 1800)
Unknown – Isabel Zendal, Spanish nurse
Unknown – Anna Moór, Hungarian actress (d. 1841)

1774

William Farquhar

Matthew Flinders

Caspar David Friedrich

February 11
- Hans Järta, Swedish political activist, administrator (d. 1847)
- Maxim Gauci, Maltese lithographer (d. 1854)
February 24 – Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1850)
February 26 – William Farquhar, first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore (d. 1839)
March 9 – Mayhew Folger, American whaler, captain of Topaz, rediscovered Pitcairn Islands in 1808 (d. 1828)
March 16 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer (d. 1814)
April 21 – Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d.1862)
April 24 – Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, French physician (d. 1838)
April 28 – Francis Baily, English astronomer (d. 1844)
May 27 – Francis Beaufort, Irish hydrographer (d. 1857)
June 21 – Daniel D. Tompkins, 6th Vice President of the United States (d. 1825)
July 20 – Auguste de Marmont, French marshal (d. 1852)
August 12 – Robert Southey, English poet and biographer (d. 1843)
August 18 – Meriwether Lewis, American explorer, soldier and public administrator (d. 1809)
August 28 – Elizabeth Ann Seton, co-founder of Mount St. Mary's University in the United States, founder of the Sisters of Charity (d. 1821)
September 5 – Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)
September 8 – Anne Catherine Emmerich, German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (d. 1824)
September 19 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal, linguist (d. 1849)
September 26 – Johnny Appleseed (John Chapman), American nurseryman and Swedenborgian missionary, plants apple tree nurseries in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois (d. 1847)
December 2 – François-André Baudin, French admiral (d. 1842)
December 12 – William Henry, English chemist (d. 1836)
date unknown – Sergey Glinka, Russian author, brother of Fyodor Glinka (d. 1847)

1775

Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski born 13 January

Walter Savage Landor born 30 January

Gurun Princess Hexiao born 2 February

Charles Lamb born 10 February

William Hall (governor) born 11 February

Louisa Adams born 12 February

Miguel Ramos Arizpe born 15 February

Simmons Jones Baker born 15 February

Jean-Baptiste Girard (soldier) born 21 February

Adolf Stieler born 26 February

Sophie Tieck born 28 February

Adam Elias von Siebold born 5 March

Constance Mayer born 9 March

Pauline Auzou born 24 March

Adam Albert von Neipperg born 8 April

J. M. W. Turner born 23 April

Alexander Johnston (1775–1849) born 25 April

George Kinloch (politician) born 30 April

Angélique Mongez born 1 May

Alexander McNair born 5 May

Pablo Morillo born 5 May

Jacob Brown born 9 May

Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle born 10 May

Micah Brooks born 14 May

Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio born 12 June

Judah Touro born 16 June

Lucy Mack Smith born 8 July

Matthew Lewis (writer) born 9 July

Richard Westmacott born 15 July

John Andrew Shulze born 19 July

Anna Harrison born 25 July

Emmanuel Dupaty born 31 July

George Tucker (politician) born 20 August

Vasily Orlov-Denisov born 8 September

Guillaume Capelle born 9 September

Murray Maxwell born 10 September

John Henry Hobart born 14 September

Giuseppe Rosaroll born 16 September

Philip Milledoler born 22 September

Robert Adrain born 30 September

Bahadur Shah Zafar born 24 October

Pierre Capelle born 4 November

Achille Fontanelli born 8 November

Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach born 14 November

James Carnahan born 15 November

Philander Chase born 14 December

Phineas Riall born 15 December

January 2 – Henry Tufton, 11th Earl of Thanet, English cricketer (d. 1849)
January 3 – Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician (d. 1863)
January 4
- George Weare Braikenridge, Antiquarian (d. 1856)
- Carlo, Duke of Calabria, Italian prince (d. 1778)
January 6
- Date Narimura, Daimyō (d. 1796)
- Horace St Paul, English soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
January 7 – Thomas Amyot, English antiquarian (d. 1850)
January 9
- Juan Francisco Larrobla, Uruguayan politician (d. 1842)
- Antonio Villavicencio, statesman and soldier of New Granada (d. 1816)
January 10 – James Sewall Morsell, United States federal judge (d. 1870)
January 11 – James Matlack (d. 1840)
January 12 – Joseph Gist, United States House of Representatives (d. 1836)
January 13 – Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1856)
January 15 – Giosuè Sangiovanni, Italian zoologist (d. 1849)
January 18
- Pedro Moreno (d. 1817)
- Evelyn Pierrepont, British Member of Parliament (d. 1801)
January 19
- Hudson Gurney, English antiquary and verse-writer (d. 1864)
- George Pyke, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
January 20 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1836)
January 22
- Manuel García, Spanish singer, teacher, composer (d. 1832)
- Abraham H. Schenck, United States House of Representatives (d. 1831)
January 23
- Pietro Colletta, Neapolitan general and historian (d. 1831)
- José Fernández Salvador, Ecuadorian politician and jurist (d. 1853)
- John Rubens Smith, London-born painter (d. 1849)
January 27 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
January 28
- Lady Charlotte Bury, English novelist (d. 1861)
- James Brown Mason, American physician and legislator (d. 1819)
January 30 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer and poet (d. 1864)
January 31
- Giordano Bianchi Dottula (d. 1846)
- John Richard Farre, English physician (d. 1862)
February 1
- Philippe de Girard, French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810 (d. 1845)
- Jochum Nicolay Müller, Norwegian naval officer who (d. 1848)
February 2 – Gurun Princess Hexiao of the Manchu Dynasty (d. 1823)
February 3
- Maximilien Sébastien Foy, French military leader (d. 1825)
- Louis-François Lejeune, French general, painter and printmaker (d. 1848)
February 8
- Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, Norwegian educator (d. 1841)
- Antonio Bertoloni, Italian botanist who made extensive studies of Italian plants (d. 1869)
- Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth, British politician (d. 1855)
February 9
- Farkas Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1856)
- Theodor Hell, pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler (d. 1856)
February 10
- James Wilkes Maurice, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1857)
- Ádám Récsey, Prime Minister of Hungary (October 3–7, 1848) (d. 1852)
- Charles Lamb, English essayist (d. 1834)
February 11 – William Hall, American politician (d. 1856)
February 12
- Louisa Adams, First Lady of the United States, wife of President John Quincy Adams (d. 1852)
- Charles Lloyd, poet (d. 1839)
February 13 – Benjamin Gorham, American politician (d. 1855)
February 14 – William Clift (d. 1849)
February 15
- Paul Allen, American author and editor (d. 1826)
- Miguel Ramos Arizpe, Mexican priest (d. 1843)
- Simmons Jones Baker, American politician (d. 1853)
February 16 – Zalmon Wildman, United States Representative from Connecticut (d. 1835)
February 17
- Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath, portrait painter (d. 1844)
- Frederick Garling, English attorney and solicitor (d. 1848)
February 18 – Thomas Girtin, English painter and etcher (d. 1802)
February 19
- John Bibby, founder of the British Bibby Line shipping company (d. 1840)
- Giovanni Battista Comolli, Italian sculptor (d. 1831)
February 20
- Guy-Victor Duperré, French naval officer and Admiral of France (d. 1846)
- Israel Gregg, first captain of the historic steamboat Enterprise (d. 1847)
- John Starr, merchant and political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1827)
February 21
- Jean-Baptiste Girard, soldier (d. 1815)
- Claudius Herrick, American educator and minister (d. 1831)
February 22
- Gardiner Henry Guion (d. 1832)
- William Seymour, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848)
February 24
- Claudius Hunter (d. 1851)
- Sir Claudius Hunter, 1st Baronet, Lord Mayor of London (d. 1851)
- Matěj Kopecký, Czech puppeteer (d. 1847)
- Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset (d. 1855)
February 25 – John Caldwell, businessman and politician in Lower Canada (d. 1842)
February 26 – Adolf Stieler, German cartographer and lawyer (d. 1836)
February 28 – Sophie Tieck (d. 1833)
March 3 – Henry Prittie, 2nd Baron Dunalley, British politician (d. 1854)
March 4
- Cuthbert Powell, United States House of Representatives (d. 1849)
- Johann Baptist von Lampi the Younger, Austrian portrait painter (d. 1837)
March 5
- Charlotte Richardson, British poet (d. 1825)
- Adam Elias von Siebold, German Gynecologist (d. 1828)
March 9
- Jean Kickx (d. 1831)
- Constance Mayer (d. 1821)
March 10
- Marc-Antoine Jullien de Paris, French journalist (d. 1848)
- Sir David Wedderburn, 1st Baronet (d. 1858)
March 11
- Nils Landmark, Norwegian politician (d. 1859)
- Pierre Jean François Turpin, French botanist and illustrator (d. 1840)
March 12
- Joseph Chitty, English lawyer and legal writer (d. 1841)
- Henry Eckford, Scottish-born American shipbuilder, naval architect, industrial engineer, entrepreneur (d. 1832)
- Michel Grendahl, Norwegian politician (d. 1849)
- James Welsh, English officer in the Madras Army of the East India Company (d. 1861)
March 14
- Samuel Street Jr., businessman in Upper Canada (d. 1844)
- Samuel Street, Jr., Upper Canada businessman (d. 1844)
March 15 – Juan Bautista Arismendi, Venezuelan patriot and general of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1841)
March 17 – Ninian Edwards, founding political figure of the state of Illinois (d. 1833)
March 19 – Ramsay Richard Reinagle, English painter (d. 1862)
March 22
- Johan Collett, Norwegian politician and public administrator (d. 1827)
- Jack Crawford, sailor of the Royal Navy known as the "Hero of Camperdown (d. 1831)
- Armand Gouffé, 19th-century French poet (d. 1845)
March 23 – William Haseldine Pepys (d. 1856)
March 24
- Pauline Auzou, French painter and art instructor (d. 1835)
- Pierre Berthezène, French Army general (d. 1847)
- Muthuswami Dikshitar, South Indian poet and composer (d. 1835)
March 25 – John Johnston, United States Indian agent (d. 1861)
March 26 – Thomas Monteagle Bayly, eighteenth and nineteenth century politician (d. 1834)
March 27 – Nicolai Abraham Holten, Danish civil servant and director of Øresund Custom House (d. 1850)
March 28 – Johann Heinrich Gossler, Hamburg banker and grand burgher (d. 1842)
March 30 – Hieronymus Karl Graf von Colloredo-Mansfeld, Austrian corps commander during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1822)

April 2
- John Higton, English animal painter (d. 1827)
- Calvin Jones, American politician (d. 1846)
- Moses Walton, nineteenth-century Virginia farmer who served in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly (d. 1847)
April 4 – Dutch Sam, British boxer (d. 1816)
April 5 – Johann Nepomuk Rust, Austrian surgeon (d. 1840)
April 6 – Edward Wynne-Pendarves, English politician (d. 1853)
April 7
- Eliza Jumel, American socialite (d. 1865)
- Francis Cabot Lowell, American businessman for whom the city of Lowell (d. 1817)
- Francis Cabot Lowell, United States businessman (d. 1817)
- Louis Barbe Charles Sérurier, French diplomat (d. 1860)
April 8
- Antoine Charles Cazenove (d. 1852)
- Adam Albert von Neipperg, Austrian general and statesman (d. 1829)
- Thomas Powys, 2nd Baron Lilford, British peer (d. 1825)
April 9 – Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada, Brazilian politician, leader in Brazil's independence and government (d. 1844)
April 10 – Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi, German psychiatirst (d. 1858)
April 12
- Christian Samuel Theodor Bernd, German linguist and heraldist (d. 1854)
- Vito Nunziante, Italian general (d. 1836)
April 13 – Adolph Henke, German physician (d. 1843)
April 14
- Karl Becker, German philologist (d. 1849)
- John Philip, missionary in South Africa (d. 1851)
April 16
- Sylvester Maxwell, American lawyer and legislator (d. 1858)
- Charles Stewart, British bishop (d. 1837)
April 19 – Samuel King, minister (d. 1842)
April 21
- Alexander Anderson, American physician and illustrator (d. 1870)
- Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby, British politician (d. 1851)
April 22
- Georg Hermes, German Roman Catholic theologian (d. 1831)
- Henry Ryan, US-Canadian Methodist minister (d. 1833)
April 23 – J. M. W. Turner, English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker (d. 1851)
April 25
- William Warren Baldwin, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
- Alexander Johnston, Sri Lankan judge (d. 1849)
- Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal as wife of John VI (d. 1830)
April 27 – Pietro Ostini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1849)
April 28
- William Capel, Sportsman and clergyman (d. 1854)
- Loftus William Otway, British Napoleonic Wars general (d. 1835)
April 29 – Samuel King, Presbyterian minister, a founder of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (d. 1842)
April 30
- Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (d. 1851)
- Calvin Fillmore, American farmer and politician from New York (d. 1865)
- George Kinloch, Scottish reformer and politician (d. 1833)
May 1 – Angélique Mongez, French Neoclassical artist (d. 1855)
May 3 – John Hansen Sørbrøden, Norwegian farmer (d. 1857)
May 5
- Marie-Anne Calame, Swiss Vitreous enamel miniaturist and a pietist philanthropist educator (d. 1834)
- Johann Christoph Friedrich Klug, German entomologist (d. 1856)
- Alexander McNair, American frontiersman and politician (d. 1826)
- Pablo Morillo, Spanish general (d. 1837)
May 6
- Hans Henrich Maschmann, Norwegian pharmacist (d. 1860)
- Mary Martha Sherwood, author (d. 1851)
May 8 – George Gwilt the younger, Architect (d. 1856)
May 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
May 10
- Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1809)
- William Phillips, English mineralogist and geologist (d. 1828)
May 12 – George Whitmore, British Army general (d. 1862)
May 14 – Micah Brooks, United States general (d. 1857)
May 15 – Enevold Steenblock Høyum, Norwegian military officer who served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly (d. 1830)
May 17
- Sir John Beckett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1847)
- Daniel LeRoy, Attorney General for the Michigan Territory (d. 1858)
May 19 – Antonín Jan Jungmann, Czech physician (d. 1854)
May 21 – Lucien Bonaparte, French statesman (d. 1840)
May 24
- Sir Charles Ogle, 2nd Baronet, Royal Navy officer (d. 1858)
- Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British Army general (d. 1850)
May 25 – Pelagio Palagi, Italian painter (d. 1860)
May 28 – Thomas Graves, 2nd Baron Graves, British politician (d. 1830)
May 29 – Nathan Cutler, American politician from Maine (d. 1861)
May 31
- Charles Digby, Canon of Windsor from 1808 to 1841 (d. 1841)
- Charles Jackson, United States lawyer and jurist (d. 1855)
June 4 – Francesco Molino, Italian guitarist (d. 1847)
June 8 – Henry Boehm, American clergyman and pastor (d. 1875)
June 9 – Georg Friedrich Grotefend, German epigraphist and philologist (d. 1853)
June 10 – James Barbour, American politician (d. 1842)
June 12
- Francis Bloodgood (d. 1840)
- Johann Baptist Malfatti von Monteregio, Physician (d. 1859)
- Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1851)
June 13 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)
June 14 – André Bruno de Frévol de Lacoste, French general of the First Empire (d. 1809)
June 15
- Elizabeth Benger, English biographer (d. 1827)
- Paul Delano (d. 1842)
- Carlo Porta, Italian poet (d. 1821)
June 16 – Judah Touro, American businessman (d. 1854)
June 17 – Alexander Cowan, Scottish papermaker and philanthropist (d. 1859)
June 18 – Orsamus Cook Merrill, American politician (d. 1865)
June 19 – Friedrich August Peter von Colomb, German general (d. 1854)
June 19 – Vardry McBee, saddlemaker and philanthropist (d. 1864)
June 20 – Jacques Frédéric Français, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1833)
June 22
- Johannes Flüggé, German botanist and physician who was a native of Hamburg (d. 1816)
- Camillo Ranzani, Italian priest and a naturalist (d. 1841)
June 24 – John Kempthorne, English clergyman and hymnwriter (d. 1838)
June 25 – John Stevenson Salt (d. 1845)
June 26
- Jean-Jacques Desvaux de Saint-Maurice, French general of the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1815)
- John Swaine, English draughtsman and engraver (d. 1860)
June 29 – Thomas Boyle (d. 1825)
June 30 – William Thompson, Irish philosopher (d. 1833)

July 1 – Cephas Thompson, American artist (d. 1856)
July 2 – Aaron Peasley (d. 1837)
July 3 – Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier (d. 1807)
July 5 – William Crotch, English composer, organist and artist (d. 1847)
July 8
- William Davies, United States federal judge (d. 1829)
- Lucy Mack Smith, mother of Joseph Smith (d. 1856)
July 9 – Matthew Lewis, British politician (d. 1818)
July 11 – Joseph Blanco White (d. 1841)
July 14
- Louis Ducis, French painter (d. 1847)
- Berkeley Guise (d. 1834)
- Sir Berkeley Guise, 2nd Baronet, British landowner and MP (d. 1834)
July 15 – Richard Westmacott, British sculptor (d. 1856)
July 17
- Domingo Eyzaguirre, Chilean politician and philanthropist (d. 1854)
- August Harder, German musician (d. 1813)
July 18
- Pierre Decouz (d. 1814)
- Karl von Rotteck, German political activist (d. 1840)
July 19
- Camillo Borghese, 6th Prince of Sulmona (d. 1832)
- John Andrew Shulze, Pennsylvania political leader and the sixth Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1852)
July 21
- Edward Heneage, English first-class cricketer (d. 1810)
- Isaac McKim, United States House of Representatives (d. 1838)
- George Osborne, 6th Duke of Leeds (d. 1838)
July 23
- Carl Ludwig Wilhelm Grolman, German jurist (d. 1829)
- Étienne-Louis Malus, French officer (d. 1812)
July 24 – Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective agent (d. 1857)
July 25 – Anna Harrison, American politician (d. 1864)
July 27 – Teréz Brunszvik (d. 1861)
July 28 – Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian, British Army general (d. 1842)
July 31 – Emmanuel Dupaty, French singer and writer (d. 1851)
August 2
- William Henry Ireland, English forger (d. 1835)
- José Ángel Lamas, Venezuelan classical musician and composer born in Caracas (d. 1814)
August 6
- Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, eldest son of Charles X of France and (d. 1844)
- Daniel O'Connell, Ireland's predominant political leader (d. 1847)
- Hendrik van Oort, 19th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1847)
August 7
- Maria Brizzi Giorgi, Italian organist (d. 1812)
- Jacob Hoel, Norwegian farmer (d. 1847)
- Henriette Lorimier, popular portraitist in Paris at the beginning of Romanticism (d. 1854)
August 8 – Richard Blakemore, English politician (d. 1855)
August 9 – Jacob Brown, United States general (d. 1828)
August 12 – Conrad Malte-Brun (d. 1826)
August 14 – Pieter Adrianus Ossewaarde, Dutch politician (d. 1853)
August 15
- Carlos de España, Spanish general (d. 1839)
- Carl Franz Anton Ritter von Schreibers, Austrian naturalist who was a native of Pressburg (d. 1852)
August 16
- John Carlyle Herbert, American politician (d. 1846)
- Ebenezer Sage, American politician (d. 1834)
August 18
- James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
- Johann Leonhard Pfaff, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1832 to 1848 (d. 1848)
August 20
- Franz Dinnendahl (d. 1826)
- George Tucker, American politician (d. 1861)
August 22
- François Péron, French naturalist and explorer (d. 1810)
- August von Vécsey, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
August 23 – Mark Cubbon (d. 1861)
August 25 – Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, German philosopher and anthropologist (d. 1839)
August 26 – William Joseph Behr (d. 1851)
August 27
- Frederick Graff, hydraulic engineer (d. 1847)
- Jan Verveer, major general of the Royal Netherlands Army (d. 1838)
August 28
- Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti, Italian general (d. 1846)
- Sophie Gail, French woman singer and composer (d. 1819)
August 29 – Niels Wulfsberg, Norwegian publisher (d. 1852)
August 31
- Agnes Bulmer, English poet (d. 1836)
- François de Fossa, French classical guitarist and composer (d. 1849)
September 1 – Honoré Charles Reille, French general, Marshal of France (d. 1860)
September 4 – Jean-François Le Gonidec, Linguist and translator of the Bible (d. 1838)
September 5
- Juan Martín Díez (d. 1825)
- Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, German chemist (d. 1815)
September 6 – Aleksey Greig, Russian admiral (d. 1845)
September 7 – John Jebb, Irish writer (d. 1833)
September 8
- John Leyden, Scottish orientalist (d. 1811)
- Vasily Orlov-Denisov, Cossack Russian general (d. 1843)
September 9
- Guillaume Capelle, French administrator and politician (d. 1843)
- Francisco Ramón Vicuña, President of Chile (d. 1849)
September 10
- John Kidd, English physician, chemist and geologist (d. 1851)
- Murray Maxwell, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1831)
September 11
- Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1847)
- Ferdinand August Freiherr von Hügel, general in the royal Württemberg Infantry (d. 1834)
September 12 – Josef Jüttner (d. 1848)
September 13
- Thomas Bayly, United States House of Representatives (d. 1829)
- Laura Secord, Canadian heroine of the War of 1812 (d. 1868)
September 14
- Jean-Louis Burnouf, French philologist and translator (d. 1844)
- John Henry Hobart, third Episcopal bishop of New York (1816–1830) (d. 1830)
- Joseph Phillimore, Member of the United Kingdom Parliament (d. 1855)
September 15 – William A. Griswold, American lawyer and politician in the U (d. 1846)
September 16
- Hermano José Braamcamp de Almeida Castelo Branco (d. 1846)
- Giuseppe Rosaroll, Italian essayist and a general in the army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (d. 1825)
- Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen, German botanist specializing in the field of bryology (d. 1853)
September 17
- Georges Roffavier, French botanist (d. 1866)
- Margrethe Schall, Danish ballerina (d. 1852)
September 19 – José Félix Ribas, hero of the Venezuelan War of Independence (d. 1815)
September 20 – François-Pierre Chaumeton, French botanist and physician (d. 1819)
September 22 – Philip Milledoler, minister and the fifth President of Rutgers College (d. 1852)
September 23 – Jens Christian Berg, Norwegian lawyer and historian (d. 1852)
September 24 – Nathan Heald, officer in the United States Army during the War of 1812 (d. 1832)
September 25 – Pierre Flor, Norwegian politician (d. 1848)
September 26 – James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1845)
September 29
- David McConaughy, fourth president of Washington College from 1831 to 1852 (d. 1852)
- François Michel de Rozière, French mining engineer and mineralogist (d. 1842)
- Herbert Taylor, British Army officer (d. 1839)
September 30 – Robert Adrain, Mathematician (d. 1843)

October 2 – Cornelius O'Callaghan, 1st Viscount Lismore (d. 1857)
October 3 – Isaac von Sinclair, German writer and diplomat (d. 1815)
October 6 – Johann Anton André, German composer and music publisher (d. 1842)
October 7
- Ramón Power y Giralt, Puerto Rican politicianand Spanish admiral (d. 1813)
- Jaygopal Tarkalankar, Bengali writer and Sanskrit scholar (d. 1846)
October 9
- Sir Alexander Boswell, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1822)
- Lars Johannes Irgens, Norwegian jurist and public official (d. 1830)
- Peter Thonning, Danish physician and botanist (d. 1848)
- Charles Williams-Wynn, British politician (d. 1850)
October 12
- Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian minister (d. 1863)
- Ludovico Micara, Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
October 13 – John Wentworth Loring, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1852)
October 14
- Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Slate, British general (d. 1832)
- Godfrey Macdonald, 3rd Baron Macdonald of Sleat, second son of Alexander Macdonald (d. 1832)
October 15
- Bernhard Crusell, Swedish-Finnish clarinetist (d. 1838)
- Bernhard Henrik Crusell, Finnish composer (d. 1838)
- Alberto Lista (d. 1848)
- Bernardo Peres da Silva, governor of Portuguese India (d. 1844)
October 17 – Ole Paulssøn Haagenstad, Norwegian politician (d. 1866)
October 18
- Martial Aubertin, French stage actor and dramatist (d. 1824)
- Dawson Turner, English banker and botanist (d. 1858)
- John Vanderlyn, American artist (d. 1852)
October 19
- Jean-Baptiste Faribault, trader with the Indians and early settler in Minnesota (d. 1860)
- Kamma Rahbek, Danish salon holder (d. 1829)
October 21
- Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest, music critic and composer (d. 1844)
- Bartholomew Crannell Beardsley, Canadian politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1855)
October 23 – Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer, German architect (d. 1842)
October 24 – Bahadur Shah II, Mughal emperor (d. 1862)
October 26
- Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas, English amateur cricketer (d. 1848)
- John Maurice Hauke (d. 1830)
- Joseph Nightingale, prolific English writer and preacher (d. 1824)
- Alexander Thom, Scottish surgeon, judge and politician (d. 1858)
- Alexander Thom, military surgeon (d. 1845)
October 30
- Catterino Cavos, Russian composer (d. 1840)
- Wilhelm Ludwig Viktor Henckel von Donnersmarck, Prussian officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1849)
November 1 – Christian Adolph Diriks, Norwegian lawyer and statesman (d. 1837)
November 2
- Jean-Emmanuel Jobez, French businessman and politician (d. 1828)
- Jeromus Johnson, American politician (d. 1846)
November 3 – Edward Paget (d. 1849)
November 4 – Pierre Capelle, 19th-century French chansonnier (d. 1851)
November 6 – August Wilhelm Hartmann, Danish composer (d. 1850)
November 7 – Joseph Fox, English dental surgeon (d. 1816)
November 8
- Achille Fontanelli, Italian nationalist and Napoleonic general (d. 1838)
- Jacob Peter Mynster, Danish theologian and Bishop of Zealand (d. 1854)
November 9 – Daniel Waldron, American businessman (d. 1821)
November 10 – James Elliot, American politician (d. 1839)
November 11
- James Stewart, Congressional Representative from North Carolina (d. 1821)
- Gulbrand Eriksen Tandberg, Norwegian farmer and politician (d. 1848)
November 13
- John Burns, surgeon (d. 1850)
- Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Glengall (d. 1819)
- Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans, distinguished French soldier of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (d. 1852)
November 14 – Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach, German legal scholar (d. 1833)
November 15 – James Carnahan, American clergyman and educator, ninth President of Princeton University (d. 1859)
November 19
- Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, German entomologist and zoologist (d. 1813)
- François Antoine Teste, French officer during the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1862)
November 20 – Gustav Anton von Seckendorff, German author (d. 1823)
November 21
- Josef Servas d'Outrepont (d. 1845)
- George Kremer, member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania (d. 1854)
November 23
- Clemens Wenzeslaus Coudray, German neoclassical architect (d. 1845)
- Johann Georg Rist, Danish author (d. 1847)
- Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily, member of the French Royal Family (d. 1780)
November 24 – Peter Buell Allen, politician and military commander in New York State, pioneer of Vigo County and Terre Haute (d. 1833)
November 25
- Joseph Borremans, Belgian composer (d. 1858)
- Michel Étienne Descourtilz, French physician, botanist and historiographer of the Haitian revolution (d. 1835)
- Jean Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
- Jean-Baptiste Godart, French entomologist (d. 1825)
- Gustaf Gabriel Hällström, Finnish scientist (d. 1844)
- Charles Kemble, Welsh-born English actor of a prominent theatre family (d. 1854)
November 27
- Jean-Françoìs de Dompierre de Jonquières, Dutch-Danish merchant (d. 1820)
- Lauritz Weidemann, Norwegian politician (d. 1856)
November 28
- William Frere, English lawyer and academic (d. 1836)
- Jean-Charles Létourneau, notary and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1838)
November 29 – Marie Antoine de Reiset, French general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars (d. 1836)
November 30 – Jean Joseph Antoine de Courvoisier, French magistrate and politician (d. 1835)
December 2 – Joseph Denis Odevaere, Neo-Classical painter from the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium) (d. 1830)
December 5 – Abijah Bigelow, American politician (d. 1860)
December 6
- Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet, British Member of Parliament (d. 1840)
- Nicolas Isouard, Maltese composer (d. 1818)
December 10
- José María de la Cueva, 14th Duke of Albuquerque, Spanish general and ambassador (d. 1811)
- Giacomo Filippo Fransoni, Catholic cardinal (d. 1856)
- Jacques-Antoine Manuel, French lawyer (d. 1827)
December 11 – Peter Little, American politician (d. 1830)
December 13 – Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Younger (d. 1843)
December 14
- Philander Chase, Episcopal Church bishop, educator, and pioneer (d. 1852)
- Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1860)
December 15 – Phineas Riall, British Army general (d. 1850)
December 16
- Ciro Annunchiarico, Italian cult leader (d. 1817)
- Jane Austen, English novelist (d. 1817)
- François-Adrien Boïeldieu, French composer (d. 1834)
- John Fullerton, Lord Fullerton (d. 1853)
December 17 – Carlo Rossi, Russian architect (d. 1849)
December 20
- Samuel Farrow, American politician (d. 1824)
- Pierre Antoine François Huber, brigadier general in the French army (d. 1832)
December 21 – Julien-Joseph Virey, French naturalist and anthropologist (d. 1846)
December 25
- John Fitzgerald, British Member of Parliament (d. 1852)
- Peter Reesor, Mennonite (d. 1854)
- Antun Sorkočević, Croatian composer, writer and diplomat (d. 1841)
December 26 – Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot (d. 1813)
December 28
- João Domingos Bomtempo, Portuguese musician (d. 1842)
- Jean-Gabriel Eynard, Swiss banker (d. 1863)
- Pierre François Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve, French admiral (d. 1860)
Date unknown: Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse, French balloonist and parachutist (d. 1847)

1776

January 1 – James M. Broom, American politician (d. 1850)
January 2 – Jeremiah Chaplin, American Reformed Baptist theologian (d. 1841)
January 3 – Thomas Morris, American politician (d. 1844)
January 4
- Bernardino Drovetti, Italian diplomat (d. 1852)
- Jean-Baptiste Prosper Jollois, French Egyptologist (d. 1842)
January 6
- Ferdinand von Schill, German noble (d. 1809)
- Auguste Jean Ameil, French soldier (d. 1822)
January 8 – Thomas Langlois Lefroy, Irish politician (d. 1869)
January 9 – Ludwig Rhesa, Prussian scholar (d. 1840)
January 10 – George Birkbeck, English doctor, academic and philanthropist (d. 1841)
January 15 – Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, Roman-born British prince (d. 1834)
January 16
- Matthew Brown, American college president (d. 1853)
- João Soares de Albergaria de Sousa, Portuguese politician (d. 1875)
- Richard Onslow, English archdeacon (d. 1849)
January 17 (bapt.) – Jane Porter, English novelist (d. 1850)
January 21
- Poul Christian Holst, Norwegian politician (d. 1863)
- Elisha Haley, American politician (d. 1860)
January 23 – Howard Douglas, British Army general (d. 1861)
January 24
- Jean-Guillaume, baron Hyde de Neuville, French aristocrat (d. 1857)

E. T. A. Hoffmann

- E. T. A. Hoffmann, German writer, composer and painter (d. 1822)
- Peter A. Jay, American politician (d. 1843)
January 25 – Joseph Görres, German writer and journalist (d. 1848)
January 29 – William Bowie, American agrarian (d. 1826)
February 4
- Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus, German biologist (d. 1837)
- Jan Gerard Kemmerling, Dutch mayor (d. 1818)

Ioannis Kapodistrias

February 11 – Ioannis Kapodistrias, Governor of Greece (d. 1831)
February 12
- Richard Mant, Irish bishop (d. 1848)
- Mary Young Pickersgill, American maker of the Star Spangled Banner flag (d. 1857)
February 14 – Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, prolific German botanist (d. 1858)
February 15 – Jean-Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (d. 1850)
February 16 – Abraham Raimbach, British engraver (d. 1843)
February 17
- Ross Cuthbert, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
- Georg zu Münster, German paleontologist (d. 1844)
February 18 – Karl August Ferdinand von Borcke, German general (d. 1830)
February 20 – Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca, Spanish colonial governor of Cuba (d. 1846)
February 21 – Joseph Barss, Canadian privateer, sea captain (d. 1824)
February 23
- John Walter, English newspaper editor (d. 1847)
- Heneage Horsley, Scottish priest (d. 1847)
February 25 – George William Tighe, English expatriate (d. 1837)
February 26
- Innis Green, American congressman for Pennsylvania (d. 1839)
- John Paterson, Scottish missionary to Northern Europe (d. 1855)
February 28 – François Quirouet, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
March 1
- John Collins, American manufacturer, politician (d. 1822)
- Elias Moore (d. 1847)
March 3 – James Parker, American politician (d. 1868)
March 4 – Guillaume Emmanuel Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest, Russian army commander (d. 1814)
March 5 – Gerard Troost, American mineralogist (d. 1850)
March 6 – Luigi Lambruschini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1854)
March 7 – Timothy Ruggles, Canadian politician (d. 1831)
March 8
- David Rogerson Williams, American politician (d. 1830)
- Samuel Tweedy, American politician (d. 1868)
March 9
- Thomas Evans, British Army general (d. 1863)
- Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary, Archduke of Austria (d. 1847)

Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

March 10
- Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (d. 1810)
- Étienne Ranvoyzé, Canadian politician (d. 1826)
March 12 – Lady Hester Stanhope, English archaeologist (d. 1839)
March 15 – Aimé Picquet du Boisguy, French chouan general during the French Revolution (d. 1839)
March 17 – Joel Abbot, American politician (d. 1826)
March 19 – Philemon Beecher, American politician (d. 1839)
March 20
- Joshua Bates, American educator (d. 1854)
- Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, English politician (d. 1839)
March 21 – John Frederick Frelinghuysen, United States general (d. 1833)
March 23
- Robert Eden Duncombe Shafto, English politician (d. 1848)
- Vicente Salias, Venezuelan doctor (d. 1814)
March 24 – Zusho Hirosato, Japanese samurai (d. 1849)
March 27 – Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel, French botanist, politician (d. 1854)
March 30 – Vasily Tropinin, Russian artist (d. 1857)
March 31 – Joseph Küffner, German musician, composer (d. 1856)
April 1
- Pierre François Bellot, Swiss jurist (d. 1836)
- Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
April 3
- François Blanchet, Canadian physician, politician (d. 1830)
- Mary Anne Clarke, English mistress of Prince Frederick (d. 1852)
April 6 – Jesse Bledsoe, American politician (d. 1836)
April 11
- Macvey Napier, Scottish legal scholar, one of the editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica (d. 1847)
- Jerome Inglott, Maltese philosopher (d. 1835)
April 12
- Henry Hezekiah Cogswell, Canadian politician (d. 1854)
- Henry Hobhouse, English archivist (d. 1854)
April 13 – Wilhelm von Schütz, German author, playwright (d. 1847)
April 15 – John Anstruther-Thomson, Scottish nobleman, Colonel of the Royal Fifeshire Yeomanry Cavalry (d. 1833)
April 17 – Jean-François Roger, French poet, politician (d. 1842)
April 20
- Augustin-Marie d'Aboville, French artillerist during the Revolution (d. 1843)
- Daniel Oliver Guion, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1811)
- William Weston Young, English Quaker businessman (d. 1847)
April 25
- James Miller, American politician (d. 1851)
- Edward Solly, English merchant, art collector (d. 1844)
- Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, member of the British Royal Family (d. 1857)
April 27
- Hyacinthe Jadin, French composer (d. 1800)
- John Cunningham, Canadian politician (d. 1847)
April 28
- Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville, English politician (d. 1859)
- Manuel Vieira de Albuquerque Touvar, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1833)
May 4 – Johann Friedrich Herbart, German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1841)
May 5 – Valentine Efner, American politician (d. 1865)
May 6
- Stephen Rumbold Lushington, English politician, administrator in Madras (d. 1868)
- Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky, Russian Field Marshal (d. 1852)
- Rensselaer Westerlo, American politician (d. 1851)
May 8
- Edward Leveson-Gower, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1853)
- Prince Bagrat of Georgia (d. 1841)
May 9 – Thomas Maguire, Canadian Catholic priest (d. 1854)
May 10 – George Thomas Smart, English musician (d. 1867)
May 13 – Jett Thomas, American militia general (d. 1817)
May 17 – Amos Eaton, American botanist (d. 1842)
May 18 – Dennis Pennington, American politician (d. 1854)
May 20
- Simon Fraser, Canadian explorer (d. 1862)
- Víctor Rosales, Mexican rebel (d. 1817)
May 29 – Peter Erasmus Müller, Danish historian, linguist and theologian (d. 1834)
May 31 – José Antonio de la Garza, American mayor (d. 1851)
June 1
- George Schetky, American conductor (d. 1831)
- Giuseppe Zamboni, Italian Catholic priest, physicist (d. 1846)
June 4 – Isaac B. Van Houten, American politician (d. 1850)
June 6 – William Reed, American politician (d. 1837)
June 8 – Thomas Rickman, English architect, architectural antiquary (d. 1841)

John Constable

June 11 – John Constable, English landscape painter (d. 1837)
June 12
- Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (d. 1847)
- José Manuel de Goyeneche, 1st Count of Guaqui, Spanish soldier, diplomat (d. 1846)
- Pierre Révoil, French painter (d. 1842)
June 19 – Francis Johnson, American politician (d. 1842)
June 21
- Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra, Princess of Liechtenstein (d. 1848)
- Charles Horsfall, English merchant, politician (d. 1846)
- William Wadd, English surgeon, medical author (d. 1829)
June 23 – Stephen Longfellow, American politician (d. 1849)
June 28
- Charles Mathews, English actor (d. 1835)
- Per Hansen, a man
June 29 – George Okill Stuart, Canadian clergyman (d. 1862)
July 1
- Samuel Thatcher, American politician (d. 1872)
- Sophie Gay, French author (d. 1852)
July 3 – Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1842)
July 4
- Pär Aron Borg, Swedish sign language creator (d. 1839)
- Ethan Allen Brown, American politician (d. 1852)
July 5
- Daniel Dobbins, captain in the United States Revenue Cutter Service (d. 1856)
- Bernard Smith, American politician (d. 1835)
July 10 – Samuel Powell, American politician (d. 1841)
July 11 – William Bradbery, English entrepreneur (d. 1860)
July 12 – John Christian, Manx judge (d. 1852)
July 13 – Caroline of Baden, Queen of Bavaria (d. 1841)
July 14 – Pierre Yrieix Daumesnil, French soldier (d. 1832)
July 16
- Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician, naturalist (d. 1827)
- Johann Georg von Soldner, German physicist (d. 1833)
July 17 – John Neilson, Canadian politician (d. 1848)
July 18 – John Struthers, Scottish poet (d. 1853)
July 20 – Ignaz Schuppanzigh, Austrian musician (d. 1830)
July 22
- Etheldred Benett, English geologist (d. 1845)
- Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (d. 1838)
July 26 – Pierre Fouquier, French physician, professor of medicine (d. 1850)
July 29 – James McSherry, American politician (d. 1849)
July 30 – Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet, British general (d. 1853)
August 1
- Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford, Governor General of British North America (1835-1837) (d. 1849)
- Jean Corbineau, French cavalry general (d. 1848)
August 2
- Thomas Assheton Smith II, English cricketer (d. 1858)
- Friedrich Stromeyer, German chemist (d. 1835)
August 4 – Pierre-Simon Ballanche, French writer and counterrevolutionary philosopher (d. 1847)
August 5
- Sophie d'Artois, French princess (d. 1783)
- John Willson, Canadian judge (d. 1860)
August 6 – William Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1836)
August 9
- Jacob Munch, Norwegian painter, military officer (d. 1839)

Amedeo Avogadro

- Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (d. 1856)
August 12
- Thomas Millidge, Jr., New Brunswick businessman, political figure (d. 1838)
- David Erskine, 2nd Baron Erskine, British politician (d. 1855)
August 13 – Abraham Shepherd, American politician (d. 1847)
August 14
- Prince Christian of Hesse (d. 1814)
- Christian Friedrich Tieck, German sculptor (d. 1851)
August 15
- Ignaz von Seyfried, Austrian musician (d. 1841)
- Gottlieb Schick, German artist (d. 1812)
August 16
- Amalia von Helvig, German and Swedish artist (d. 1831)
- Philipp Jakob Riotte, German composer (d. 1856)
- Monaldo Leopardi, Italian philosopher (d. 1847)
- Jean-Roch Coignet, French soldier (d. 1865)
August 18
- Agustín Argüelles, Spanish liberal politician (d. 1844)
- Thomas Howard, 16th Earl of Suffolk, England (d. 1851)
- Sir Robert Newman, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1848)
August 21
- Joseph Healy, American politician (d. 1861)
- Elizabeth Parke Custis Law, American matriarch (d. 1832)
August 22 – Carlo Amati, Italian architect (d. 1852)
August 23
- Jens Peter Debes, Norwegian politician (d. 1832)
- Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Polish philosopher (d. 1853)
August 25 – Thomas Bladen Capel, British admiral (d. 1853)
August 26
- Ferdynand Stokowski, Polish general (d. 1827)
- Henry A. Livingston, American politician (d. 1849)
August 27 – Barthold Georg Niebuhr, Danish-German statesman, historian (d. 1831)
August 29 – Georg Friedrich Treitschke, German librettist (d. 1842)
September 1
- Jacques Gervais, baron Subervie, French general, politician (d. 1856)
- Ezekiel Bacon, American politician (d. 1870)
September 3 – Étienne Mayrand, Canadian politician (d. 1872)
September 4 – Stephen Whitney, American merchant (d. 1860)
September 5 – Augustus Simon Frazer, French-born British Army officer (d. 1835)
September 8
- Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg, German noblewoman (d. 1841)
- Heinrich Meldahl, Norwegian builder (d. 1840)
September 9
- Parmenio Adams, American politician (d. 1832)
- Calvin Pease, Ohio jurist, legislator (d. 1839)
- Philip Broke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1841)
September 11 – Thomas Arbuthnot, British Army general (d. 1849)
September 15
- William Baylies, American politician (d. 1865)
- Calvin Willey, American politician (d. 1858)
September 17 – Langdon Cheves, American politician (d. 1857)
September 18 – Thomas Gleadowe-Newcomen, 2nd Viscount Newcomen, English politician (d. 1825)
September 21
- Karl Gustav Bonuvier, Swedish actor, theatre director (d. 1858)
- John Fitchett, English poet (d. 1838)
September 27
- Peter Shaver, Canadian politician (d. 1866)
- Maria Versfelt, Dutch writer, actor (d. 1845)
October 1 – Augustus Warren Baldwin, Upper Canada naval officer, political figure (d. 1866)
October 3 – Thomas Walsh, Vicar Apostolic of England and Wales (d. 1849)
October 4
- Giovanni Battista Bellé, Italian Bishop of Mantova (d. 1844)
- Antonio Tosti, Italian cardinal-priest (d. 1866)
- Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist (d. 1839)
October 6
- Hirata Atsutane, Japanese theologian of the Shintō religion (d. 1843)
- James Duff, 4th Earl Fife, Scottish-born Spanish general (d. 1857)
- James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, English politician (d. 1845)
October 8 – Pieter van Os, Dutch painter, engraver (d. 1839)
October 12 – Jean-Michel Mahé, French Navy officer, captain (d. 1833)
October 13
- Peter Barlow, English mathematician (d. 1862)
- John Gibb, Scottish civil engineering contractor (d. 1850)
October 14
- Samuel Rexford, New York politician (d. 1857)
- Robert Townsend Farquhar, British colonial administrator (d. 1830)
October 18 – Cowles Mead, American politician (d. 1844)
October 20 – John Rolls of The Hendre, British judge (d. 1837)
October 21 – George Izard, United States general (d. 1828)
October 22 – Edward Draper, British military officer, civil servant in Mauritius (d. 1841)
October 25 – Patrick Neill, Scottish printer, horticulturalist (d. 1851)
October 28 – Joachim Haspinger, Catholic priest, leader of the Tyrolese revolt against Napoleon (d. 1858)
October 30
- George M. Bibb, American politician (d. 1859)
- John Hahn, American politician (d. 1823)
October 31 – Francis Locke Jr., American politician (d. 1823)
November 1 – Abraham McClellan, American politician (d. 1851)
November 5 – Abraham Teerlink, Dutch painter (d. 1857)
November 7
- Bartow White, American politician (d. 1862)
- James Abercromby, 1st Baron Dunfermline, British politician (d. 1858)
November 10
- Samuel Gross, American politician (d. 1839)
- Henry Seymour (Knoyle), British politician (d. 1849)
- General Washington Johnston, American politician (d. 1833)
November 11 – Philip E. Thomas, American banker, railroad executive (d. 1861)
November 14 – Henri Dutrochet, French physician (d. 1847)
November 15
- Aaron Manby, English civil engineer, founder of the Horseley Ironworks (d. 1850)
- Pehr Henrik Ling, Swedish physical therapist (d. 1839)
November 17
- Friedrich Christoph Schlosser, German historian (d. 1861)
- Robert Trimble, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1828)
November 20
- William Blackwood, Scottish publisher (d. 1834)
- Maximilian Seyssel d’Aix, German general (d. 1855)
November 24
- Jean-Joseph Marcel, French printer and engineer (d. 1854)
- Matthew John Tierney, Irish surgeon (d. 1845)
November 29 – Harcourt Lees, Irish clergyman, political pamphleteer (d. 1852)
November 30
- Philippe André de Vilmorin, French horticulturist (d. 1862)
- Bartholomew Frere, English diplomat (d. 1851)
December 1
- Elijah H. Mills, American politician (d. 1829)
- Isaac Lacey, American politician (d. 1844)
December 2 – Louis Alexis Baudoin, French naval officer (d. 1805)

Yashwantrao Holkar

December 3
- Yashwantrao Holkar, Ruler of Holkar State (d. 1811)
- Nicolas Charles Seringe, French physician, botanist (d. 1858)
December 5 – Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1851)
December 6 – Theodorick Bland, United States federal judge (d. 1846)
December 7 – Reuben Whallon, American politician (d. 1843)
December 8
- Theodore Dehon, second Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina (d. 1817)
- William Logan, American politician (d. 1822)
December 10
- Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este, second wife of Charles Theodore (d. 1848)
- David Marchand, American politician (d. 1832)
- Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy, German banker, father of classical composer Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (d. 1835)
December 12 – Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, English lawyer, politician (d. 1846)
December 13 – James Hawkes, American politician (d. 1865)
December 14 – Ingelbrecht Knudssøn, Norwegian politician (d. 1826)
December 16
- Narciso Durán, Spanish Franciscan missionary to Mexico (d. 1846)

Johann Wilhelm Ritter

- Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist (d. 1810)
December 19
- Lord Edward Somerset, British Army general (d. 1842)
- Lars Roverud, Norwegian musician (d. 1850)
- Eusebio Bardají y Azara, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1842)
December 20 – José María del Castillo y Rada, President of Colombia (d. 1833)
December 25 – John Slater, American businessman (d. 1843)
December 26 – Charles Hamilton Smith, British artist (d. 1859)
December 27 – Nikolay Kamensky, Russian general (d. 1811)
December 29 – Gustaf af Wetterstedt, Swedish politician (d. 1837)
December 30 – William Drayton, American politician (d. 1846)
December 31 – Johann Spurzheim, German physician (d. 1832)

1777

January – William Barton, English cricketer (d. 1825)
January 2 – Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (d. 1857)
January 7 – Lorenzo Bartolini, Italian sculptor (d. 1850)
January 11 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant, rebel leader (d. 1837)
January 13 – Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820)
January 25 – Karoline Jagemann, German actor (d.1848)
February 3 – John Cheyne, British physician, surgeon and author (d. 1836)
February 10 – Amable Berthelot, Quebec lawyer, author and political figure (d. 1847)
February 12
- Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, French poet (d. 1843)
- Bernard Courtois, French chemist (d. 1838)
February 18 – Andreas Arntzen, Norwegian politician (d. 1837)
February 20 – Zacheus Burnham, Canadian farmer, judge and public figure (d. 1857)
February 26 – Matija Nenadović, Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 1854)
March 3 – Adolphe Dureau de la Malle, French geographer, naturalist, historian and artist (d. 1857)
March 10 – Robert Allison (Pennsylvania politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1840)
March 13 – Charles Lot Church, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1864)

Roger B. Taney

March 17
- Patrick Brontë, Irish Anglican curate and writer; father of writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne Brontë (d. 1861)
- Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1864)
March 19 – José María Bustamante, Mexican composer (d. 1861)
March 28 – Antoine Germain Labarraque, French chemist (d. 1850)

April 11 – William Addams, United States Congressman (d. 1858)
April 12 – Henry Clay, American politician (d. 1852)
April 16 – John Alexander (Ohio politician), U.S. Representative (d. 1848)

Carl Friedrich Gauss

April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (d. 1855)
May 4 – Richard Bourke, Australian governor (d. 1855)
May 8 – Mateli Magdalena Kuivalatar, Finnish-Karelian folksinger (d. 1846)
May 11 – Samuel Bridger, English cricketer
May 12 – Mary Reibey, Australian businessperson (d. 1855)
May 18 – John George Children, British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (d. 1852)
June 1 – Fernando Errázuriz Aldunate, president of Chile (d. 1841)
June 12 – Robert Clark, American politician (d. 1837)
June 14 – Heman Allen (of Milton), U.S. Representative (d. 1844)
June 15 – David Daniel Davis, British physician (d. 1841)
June 22
- Andrzej Alojzy Ankwicz, Polish-born Catholic archbishop of Prague (d. 1838)
- William Brown (admiral), Irish-born first admiral of Argentina (d. 1857)
June 23 – Frederick Bates, American politician (d. 1825)

Paavo Ruotsalainen

July – Thomas Clayton, American lawyer, politician (d. 1854)
July 9
- Henry Hallam, English historian (d. 1859)
- Paavo Ruotsalainen, Finnish farmer and lay preacher (d. 1852)[16]
July 23 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
July 26 – Robert Hamilton Bishop, Scottish-American educator, minister (d. 1855)
July 27
- Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, German physicist (d. 1834)
- Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (d. 1844)
- Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, British peer, soldier (d. 1853)
July 31 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman, priest (d. 1849)
August 11 – Giuseppe Bossi, Italian painter (d. 1815)
August 12 – George Wolf, American politician (d. 1840)

Hans Christian Ørsted

August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist and chemist (d. 1851)
August 23 – Princess Adélaïde of Orléans, French princess (d. 1847)
August 29 – Nikita Bichurin (Hyacinth), Russian monk (d. 1853)
August 31 – Alexander Bashilov, Russian general (d. 1847)
September 9 – James Carr (Massachusetts politician), U.S. Congressman (d. 1818)
September 12 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist, anatomist (d. 1850)
September 25 – Joseph Badeaux, Canadian politician (d. 1835)

October 1 – Zaro Aga, Turkish-Kurdish possible supercentenarian (claimed to have been born this year or 1774; d. 1934)
October 5 – Guillaume Dupuytren, French anatomist, military surgeon (d. 1835)
October 16
- Levi Barber, American surveyor, court administrator, banker and legislator (d. 1833)
- Lorenzo Dow, American Methodist preacher (d. 1834)
October 18
- Auguste François-Marie de Colbert-Chabanais, French general (d. 1809)

Heinrich von Kleist

- Heinrich von Kleist, German poet, dramatist, novelist and short story writer (d. 1811)
November 7 – Richard Bassett (clergyman), Welsh cleric (d. 1852)
November 14 – Nathaniel Claiborne, American politician (d. 1859)
November 24 – Samuel Butts, American militia officer (d. 1814)
December 1 – Thomas Bradford, British Army officer (d. 1853)
December 4 – Juliette Récamier, French writer (d. 1849)
December 10 – William Conner, American trader, politician (d. 1855)
December 14 – Du Pré Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon, Irish peer, landlord and colonial administrator (d. 1839)
December 15 – Agostino Aglio, Italian painter, decorator and engraver (d. 1857)
December 16 – Madame Clicquot Ponsardin, French champagne producer (d. 1866)
December 21 – John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll, Scottish peer, Whig politician (d. 1847)

Alexander I of Russia

December 23 – Emperor Alexander I of Russia, Russian officer (d. 1825)
December 24 – Barbara Spooner Wilberforce, wife of English abolitionist William Wilberforce (d. 1847)

Suleiman al-Halabi, Syrian student, assassin (d. 1800)
Carlos Anaya, Uruguayan politician (d. 1862)
Charles James Apperley, English sportsman, sporting writer (d. 1843)
Carlo Armellini, Italian politician, activist and jurist (d. 1863)
Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi, Ottoman mystic (d. 1826)
Connell James Baldwin, Irish soldier, civil servant (d. 1861)
Karl Friedrich Becker, German educator, historian (d. 1806)
Vicente Benavides, Chilean soldier (d. 1822)
John Bennett (Hampshire cricketer) (d. 1857)
William Bellinger Bulloch, U.S. Senator (d. 1852)
Sophia Campbell, Australian artist (d. 1833)
Abiel Chandler, U.S. philanthropist (d. 1851)
John Claiborne, U.S. politician (d. 1808)
Charles Othon Frédéric Jean-Baptiste de Clarac, French artist, scholar and archaeologist (d. 1847)
Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (d. 1804)
Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean political figure (d. 1833)
Thomas Day, American judge (d. 1855)
Benjamin D'Urban, British general, colonial administrator (d. 1849)
Tu'i Malila, Malagasy-born tortoise, longest living animal on record (d. 1965)

1778

January 1
- James Grant, British Major-General C.B. (d. 1852)
- Tredwell Scudder, American politician (d. 1834)
- Charles Alexandre Lesueur, French naturalist (d. 1846)
January 3 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish Catholic bishop (d. 1861)
January 4
- Billy J. Clark, American politician (d. 1866)
- Paolo Polidori, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
- John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, England (d. 1857)
- Jean-Antoine Alavoine, French architect (d. 1834)
January 5 – Charles-Guillaume Étienne, French writer (d. 1845)

Thomas Lincoln

January 6 – Thomas Lincoln, Farmer, Carpenter (d. 1851)
January 7 – Anthony Todd Thomson, British dermatologist (d. 1849)
January 9 – Thomas Brown, Scottish metaphysician (d. 1820)
January 10 – Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentine politician (d. 1851)
January 11 – Agathon Jean François Fain, French historian (d. 1837)
January 12 – William Herbert, British politician (d. 1847)
January 13 – Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, British financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
January 15 – Joseph Adamy, Nassauian politician (d. 1849)
January 16
- Teodoro Lechi, Italian general (d. 1866)
- John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish peer and soldier (d. 1860)
January 17
- Donald Macdonell, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
- George Black, Canadian politician, businessman and important shipbuilder in Quebec, during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. 1854)
January 18 – George Bellas Greenough, British geologist (d. 1855)
January 20 – Louis Antoine François Baillon, French naturalist, collector (d. 1855)
January 21 – Jeremiah O'Brien, American politician (d. 1858)
January 23 – Alire Raffeneau Delile, French botanist (d. 1850)
January 24 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, England (d. 1820)
January 25 – Matsudaira Norihiro, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. 1839)
January 26
- Jakob von Washington, Bavarian general (d. 1848)
- Johann Georg Stauffer, Austrian luthier (d. 1853)
January 27
- Christian Mathias Schröder, German politician (d. 1860)
- Andrew Sterett, United States Navy officer (d. 1807)
January 28 – James Tallmadge, Jr., American politician (d. 1853)
January 29 – John Williams, Tennessee politician (d. 1837)
January 31 – Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Austrian statesman (d. 1861)
February 1 – Joseph Richardson, American politician (d. 1871)
February 2 – Mary Anne Talbot, British wartime cross-dresser (d. 1808)
February 3
- Cornelis Vollenhoven, Dutch politician (d. 1849)
- John Ritchie, British newspaper founder (d. 1870)
February 4 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist (d. 1841)
February 5 – Jan Nepomucen Umiński, Polish general (d. 1851)
February 6 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. 1827)
February 13 – William P. Van Ness, United States federal judge (d. 1826)
February 14 – Fernando Sor, Spanish musician (d. 1839)
February 16
- John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton of Great Britain (d. 1863)
- Rosalie Stier Calvert, 19th century Maryland plantation owner, correspondent (d. 1821)
February 17 – Vincenzo Pucitta, Italian composer (d. 1861)
February 19
- Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn, Russian military commander (d. 1845)
- Henry Ashley, American politician (d. 1829)
- Daniel Williams Harmon, American-born Canadian fur trader, diarist (d. 1843)

Margaret Bayard Smith

February 20 – Margaret Bayard Smith, American writer (d. 1844)
February 22
- Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet of Great Britain (d. 1854)
- Franz Ludwig Catel, German artist (d. 1856)
- Rembrandt Peale, American painter (d. 1860)
- Gottfried Wilhelm Becker, German physician, writer (d. 1854)

José de San Martín

February 25 – José de San Martín, Argentine general (d. 1850)
March 1
- Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, French botanist (d. 1832)
- Amos Lane, American politician (d. 1849)
March 2
- William Austin, American politician (d. 1841)
- Vincent Moulac, French naval officer (d. 1836)
March 3
- Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1841)
- Peter Laurie, British politician (d. 1861)
March 4
- Sir Henry Bunbury, 7th Baronet, British Army general (d. 1860)
- Robert Emmet, Irish rebel (d. 1803)
- Florestano Pepe, Italian general (d. 1851)
March 6
- Francis Ogilvy-Grant, 6th Earl of Seafield, British politician (d. 1853)
- Carl Bernhard von Trinius, German botanist (d. 1844)
March 8
- Friedrich August Kanne, Austrian composer, music critic (d. 1833)
- Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, French soldier, diplomat (d. 1853)
March 10
- Hugh Hornby Birley, leading Manchester Tory, reputed to have led the fatal charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry, at the Peterloo Massacre (d. 1845)
- Anthony Van Egmond, Canadian rebel (d. 1838)
March 19 – Edward Pakenham, Irish-born British general (d. 1815)
March 22
- Thomas de Trafford, British Baronet (d. 1852)
- Aleksey Merzlyakov, Russian poet, critic, and professor (d. 1830)
March 23 – Paul Traugott Meissner, Austrian chemist (d. 1864)
March 24
- Robert Fleming Gourlay, British statistician and activist (d. 1863)
- Anton Edler von Gapp, Austrian lawyer (d. 1862)
March 25 – Sophie Blanchard, French aeronaut (d. 1819)
March 26 – Edward Blakeney, British Army officer (d. 1868)
March 28 – Ludvig Stoud Platou, Norwegian politician (d. 1833)
March 30 – Robert Moore, American politician (d. 1831)
March 31 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (d. 1858)
April 1 – Benjamin Jacob, British musician (d. 1829)
April 3 – Pierre Bretonneau, French physician (d. 1862)
April 6 – Joseph Funk, American music teacher, publisher, and composer (d. 1862)
April 7 – John J. Ely, Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. 1852)
April 9
- John Sparks, English cricketer (d. 1854)
- Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, French diplomat (d. 1854)

William Hazlitt

April 10
- Heinrich Luden, German historian (d. 1847)
- William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)
- Johann Arzberger, Austrian technologist (d. 1835)
April 11 – John Johnson, early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement in Ohio (d. 1843)
April 12 – John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)
April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Catholic convert, parliamentarian (d. 1858)
April 15
- William Congreve Russell, British politician (d. 1850)
- James Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1860)
April 18
- Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin, Scottish countess (d. 1855)
- Christian Friedrich Nasse, German physician, psychiatrist (d. 1851)
- Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet, British politician (d. 1836)
April 19 – Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle, main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries, wife of Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857)
April 23 – John Harvey, British Army general (d. 1852)
April 24 – John Graham, soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821)
April 27
- Henry Drury, English educator (d. 1841)
- Gideon Lee, American politician (d. 1841)
April 28 – Adriaan van der Hoop, Dutch banker, politician (d. 1854)
April 29 – Thomas Bateman, British physician, pioneer in the field of dermatology (d. 1821)
April 30 – Arvid David Hummel, Swedish entomologist (d. 1836)

May 2 – Nathan Bangs, American Methodist theologian (d. 1862)
May 3
- Samuel Freeze, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
- David Wilder, Jr., American politician (d. 1866)
May 6 – Henry Phillpotts, English bishop (d. 1869)
May 8
- Johann Baptist Gänsbacher, Austrian composer (d. 1844)
- Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti (1811–20) as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851)
May 9 – Eli Ayers, Liberian politician (d. 1822)
May 10 – William Ladd, American activist (d. 1841)
May 12
- August Zeune, German educator (d. 1853)
- – José de la Mar, military leader, President of Peru (d. 1830)
May 13 – Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841)
May 17 – Benjamin Bowring, English watchmaker (d. 1846)
May 18
- Andrew Ure, Scottish doctor and chemist (d. 1857)
- Samuel Hoar, American politician (d. 1856)
- Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (d. 1854)
May 19
- Ruggero Settimo, Italian politician (d. 1863)
- Ludwik Michał Pac, Polish general (d. 1835)
May 25 – Claus Harms, German clergyman, theologian (d. 1855)
May 29 – Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, British politician (d. 1860)
May 30 – Richard Skinner, American politician (d. 1833)
May 31
- John Peter Pruden, pioneer of western Canada, fur trader, and writer (d. 1868)
- John Jackson, British artist (d. 1831)
- Horatio Seymour, American politician (d. 1857)
June 2 – Jean Julien Angot des Rotours, French colonial governor (d. 1844)
June 4 – Martin Parmer, American politician (d. 1850)
June 6 – Edmund Varney, American politician (d. 1847)
June 7 – David Willson, Canadian Quaker minister (d. 1866)
June 11 – John Robison, British inventor (d. 1843)
June 13 – Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819)
June 14 – John Cushing Aylwin, United States naval officer (War of 1812) (d. 1813)
June 15 – Henri Jean-Baptiste Victoire Fradelle, Franco-English painter (d. 1865)

Harry Croswell

June 16
- Charles F. Mercer, American politician (d. 1858)
- Harry Croswell, crusading American political journalist (d. 1858)
June 17
- Philip Willem van Heusde, Dutch philosopher (d. 1839)
- Gregory Blaxland, English pioneer farmer, explorer in Australia (d. 1852)
June 19 – Robert Allen, Tennessee politician (d. 1844)
June 20 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, moderate royalist French statesman, during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–30) under King Charles X (d. 1832)
June 22 – George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland, British politician (d. 1867)
June 23 – Richard W. Meade, American merchant and art collector (d. 1828)
June 26 – Mariya Svistunova, lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. 1866)
June 27 – Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1842)
June 28
- John Macbride, British historian (d. 1868)
- William Dietz, American politician (d. 1848)
- Mariano Velazquez de la Cadena, Mexican writer (d. 1860)
July 2 – Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta (d. 1858)
July 3 – Carl Ludvig Engel, German architect (d. 1840)
July 6 – Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, French scientist (d. 1846)
July 7 – Beau Brummell, English man of fashion (d. 1840)
July 10
- William Brockenbrough, American politician (d. 1838)
- Laurent Cunin-Gridaine, French businessman, politician (d. 1859)
- Sigismund von Neukomm, Austrian composer, pianist (d. 1858)
July 11 – Timothy Fuller, American politician (d. 1835)
July 12 – Maria Dalle Donne, Bolognese physician (d. 1842)
July 13 – Samuel Stevens, Jr., American politician (d. 1860)
July 15
- Thomas James Maling, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1849)
- Henry Joseph Monck Mason, Irish writer (d. 1858)
- Jasper Nicolls, British general (d. 1849)
July 17 – Benjamin Isaacs, Connecticut politician (d. 1846)
July 19
- Thomas Foley, British politician (d. 1822)
- Samuel Bent, American Mormon leader (d. 1846)
July 20 – Joshua Tetley, British brewer (d. 1859)
July 28 – Charles Stewart, American naval commander (d. 1869)
July 30
- David Pattee, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
- Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1847)
August 1
- John Collins Warren, American magazine founder (d. 1856)
- Mary Jefferson Eppes, Thomas Jefferson's younger child (d. 1804)
August 2
- Jabez Delano Hammond, American politician (d. 1855)
- Robert Richford Roberts, American bishop (d. 1843)
- Georg Anton Rollett, Austrian naturalist (d. 1842)
August 3 – Jessup Nash Couch, American politician (d. 1821)
August 4
- Christian Duttenhofer, German engraver (d. 1846)
- John Hunter, American politician (d. 1852)
August 5 – Otto Christian Blandow, German bryologist (d. 1810)
August 8 – John Bonfoy Rooper, British landowner, MP (d. 1855)

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn

August 11
- Marcus Pløen, Norwegian businessperson (d. 1836)
- Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers, British naval officer and politician (d. 1860)
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German-Prussian gymnastics educator, nationalist (d. 1852)
- John Christian Schetky, British artist (d. 1874)
August 12
- Francis Horner, British politician (d. 1817)
- Joshua Vanneck, 2nd Baron Huntingfield, British politician (d. 1844)
August 15 – John Tanner, early Mormon leader (d. 1850)
August 17
- Johannes Hermanus Koekkoek, Dutch painter (d. 1851)
- John Varley, British artist (d. 1842)
August 18 – Silas Condit, American politician (d. 1861)
August 19
- Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German princess (d. 1835)
- James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, British politician (d. 1841)

Bernardo O'Higgins

August 20 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Supreme Director of Chile (d. 1842)
August 21 – Lewis Weston Dillwyn, British politician (d. 1855)
August 22 – James Kirke Paulding, American writer (d. 1860)
August 23 – William Burt, English writer, solicitor (d. 1826)
August 25 – Joseph Batten, British college principal (d. 1837)
August 26 – John Adams, United States House of Representatives member (d. 1854)
August 27 – Mary Whitmer, Book of Mormon witness (d. 1856)
August 31
- Friedrich August von Klinkowström, German artist (d. 1835)
- William Wilkins, English architect (d. 1839)

September 1 – John Thomson of Duddingston, British artist (d. 1840)
September 2
- Louis Bonaparte, sibling of Napoleon Bonaparte I, French army general, King of Holland (d. 1846)
- Michał Józef Römer, Polish writer, politician (d. 1853)
September 7 – José Bernardo Sánchez, Spanish missionary (d. 1833)
September 8 – George Heneage Lawrence Dundas, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)

Clemens Brentano

September 9 – Clemens Brentano, German poet, novelist (d. 1842)
September 10 – Joshua Lawrence, American Baptist minister (d. 1843)
September 12 – William Davidson, American politician (d. 1857)
September 14
- John Varnum, American politician (d. 1836)
- John Barss, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
September 15 – Augustin Caron, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
September 19
- Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, British politician (d. 1868)
- William Gaston, American politician (d. 1844)
September 20
- James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis of Great Britain (d. 1852)
- Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian admiral (d. 1852)
September 21 – Carl Ludwig Koch, German entomologist (d. 1857)
September 24 – Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850)
September 25
- Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet, 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. 1829)
- Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1802)
September 26 – Jonathan Fisk, American politician (d. 1832)
September 27
- Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, German composer, music teacher (d. 1851)
- Damião Barbosa de Araújo, Brazilian composer (d. 1856)
September 28
- Luther Lawrence, American politician (d. 1839)
- Suzanne Douvillier, French-born American ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. 1826)
- Catherine McAuley, Irish nun, saint (d. 1841)
September 29
- Benjamin Hall, British politician (d. 1817)
- Thomas Warsop, English cricketer (d. 1845)
October 5
- Ernst Ludwig von Aster, Prussian and Russian Army general (d. 1855)
- John James Masquerier, British artist (d. 1855)
- Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, French archaeologist (d. 1867)
October 7
- Charles Paget, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1839)
- Joseph Knight, English horticulturist (d. 1855)
- Thomas Cranley Onslow, British politician (d. 1861)
October 8 – Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, French Catholic bishop (d. 1839)
October 9
- Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet, President of the Bordeaux Court in France (1815) (d. 1854)
- John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall, British politician (d. 1820)
- Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, British Army general (d. 1842)
October 13 – William Marks, American politician (d. 1858)
October 14 – Francis Fane, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844)
October 19 – Valentine Blacker, Irish-born Surveyor General of India (d. 1826)
October 22 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849)
October 23 – Kittur Chennamma, Indian queen regnant (d. 1829)
October 26 – Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, British politician (d. 1866)
October 28 – Ezekiel Blomfield, British minister (d. 1818)
October 29 – William Creighton, Jr., United States federal judge (d. 1851)
October 30 – Benjamin Ames, American politician (d. 1835)
October 31
- Jacob Shibley, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
- Charles Abraham Elton, English author (d. 1853)
- John Black, Australian sailor (d. 1802)
November 1
- James R. Caldwell, United States Navy officer (d. 1804)
- Mary Brunton, British writer (d. 1818)
- Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, King of Sweden (d. 1837)
November 3 – Karlo Lanza, Dalmatian politician (d. 1834)

Giovanni Battista Belzoni

November 5
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer (d. 1823)
- Thomas Ritchie, American journalist (d. 1854)
November 8 – Joseph Signay, Canadian Catholic bishop (d. 1850)
November 11 – Nils Astrup, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
November 14
- Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner, German theologian (d. 1828)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Austrian composer, virtuoso pianist (d. 1837)
November 15
- George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, British politician (d. 1840)
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian antiquarian (d. 1823)
November 16 – Johann Joseph von Prechtl, Austrian technologist (d. 1854)
November 18 – Lord William Stuart, British politician (d. 1814)
November 19 – Charles de Salaberry, Canadian politician (d. 1829)
November 21
- Richard Phillips, British chemist (d. 1851)
- Thomas B. Cooke, American politician (d. 1853)
- Joseph Warren Scott, American army officer (d. 1871)
- Kunitomo Ikkansai, Japanese gunsmith (d. 1840)
November 22 – Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, Swedish lady-in-waiting, politically active salonist (d. 1852)
November 23
- Mariano Moreno, Argentine politician (d. 1811)
- Samuel Humphreys, noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. 1846)
November 24 – Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, British Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 (d. 1845)
November 25
- Joseph Lancaster, English Quaker, public education innovator (d. 1838)
- Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British abolitionist (d. 1856)
November 26
- Jean-Thomas Taschereau, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
- Henry Fane, British Army general (d. 1840)
November 28
- Christoph Ernst von Houwald, German writer (d. 1845)
- Filippo di Colloredo-Mels, leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 1864)
- Abd al-Rahman of Morocco, Alaouite dynasty member (d. 1859)
November 29 – Hryhory Kvitka, Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1843)
November 30 – Andrés Guazurary, Argentine general (d. 1825)

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

December 6 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist (d. 1850)
December 7 – Franz Naegele, German obstetrician (d. 1851)
December 8 – George Crabb, British writer (d. 1851)
December 9 – Vicente González Moreno, Spanish general (d. 1839)
December 10 – Antonio Francesco Orioli, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1852)
December 13
- George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend of Great Britain (d. 1855)
- Thomas Kendall, New Zealand missionary (d. 1832)
December 15
- Godert van der Capellen, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1848)
- Christiane Luise Amalie Becker, German actor (d. 1797)
- John Penrose, Church of England clergyman, theological writer (d. 1859)
December 16
- John Ordronaux, French privateer (d. 1841)
- Ludwig Robert, German dramatist (d. 1832)
- José Colombres, Argentine Catholic bishop (d. 1859)

Humphry Davy

December 17
- Humphry Davy, English physicist, chemist (d. 1829)
- William Munroe, American cabinet maker (d. 1861)
- Juan Martín de Veramendi, Governor of Mexican Texas (d. 1833)

Joseph Grimaldi

December 18 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor, comedian (d. 1837)
December 19 – Marie Thérèse of France, eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. 1851)
December 20 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American politician (d. 1817)
December 21 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish politician (d. 1860)
December 22 – James Haldane Stewart, British priest (d. 1854)
December 23 – François de Robiano, Belgian politician (d. 1836)
December 24
- Inoue Masamoto, Japanese daimyō (d. 1858)
- James Guyon, Jr., American politician (d. 1846)
- Thomas Coventry, English cricketer (d. 1816)
December 25 – Caleb Atwater, American politician (d. 1867)
December 27 – Antoine François Eugène Merlin, French general (d. 1854)
December 28
- Franz Xaver Heller, German botanist (d. 1840)
- William Cowper, English-born Anglican cleric in Australia, who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. 1858)
- Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley, British politician (d. 1858)
- Matthew Arbuckle, United States soldier (d. 1851)
December 29
- Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841)
- Johann Simon Hermstedt, German musician (d. 1846)

Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)
Anna Maria Walker, Scottish botanist (d. 1852)
Sara Oust, Norwegian lay minister (d. 1822)
Marie-Madeleine Lachenais, Haitian de facto politician (d. 1843)

1779

Stephen Decatur

Francis Scott Key

January 5 – Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (d. 1820)
January 18 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (d. 1869)
February 1 – Nikolaus von Krufft, Austrian composer and civil servant (d. 1818)
March 6 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (d. 1869)
March 15 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
May 28 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet (d. 1852)
June 20 – Dorothy Ann Thrupp, British psalmist, hymnwriter, translator (d. 1847)
July 8 – Giorgio Pullicino, Maltese painter and architect (d. 1851)
August 1 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, lyricist (d. 1843)
August 8 – Benjamin Silliman, American chemist, educator and abolitionist (d. 1864)
August 20 – Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Swedish chemist (d. 1848)
August 29 – Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, French painter (d. 1867)
September 8 – Mustafa IV, sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1808)
September 18 – Joseph Story, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1845)
November 14 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet (d. 1850)
December 12 – Madeleine Sophie Barat, French Catholic saint, founder of the Society of the Sacred Heart (d. 1865)
December 24 – George Washington Lafayette
date unknown – Giacomo Beltrami, Italian explorer (d. 1855)

Deaths

Transcluded articles: 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779

1770

January 7 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
January 8 – John Michael Rysbrack, Flemish sculptor (b. 1694)
January 20 – Charles Yorke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1722)
January 27 – Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, 18th-century politician (b. 1712)
January 30 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (b. 1712)
January 27 – Philippe Macquer, French historian (b. 1720)
February 26 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer, violinist (b. 1692)
March 5 – Crispus Attucks, African-American dockworker, first to die in the Boston Massacre (b. 1723)

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

March 27 – Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Venetian artist (b. 1696)
April 27 – José Solís Folch de Cardona, Spanish colonial governor (b. 1716)
April 25 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot, physicist (b. 1700)
May 30 – François Boucher, French painter (b. 1703)
June 22 – Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (b. 1702)
June 23 – Mark Akenside, English poet, physician (b. 1721)
July 17 – Joseph Paris Duverney, French banker (b. 1684)
July 21 – Charlotta Frölich, Swedish agronomist (b. 1698)
July 27 – Robert Dinwiddie, British colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
August 15 – Edward Antill (colonial politician), American winemaker (b. 1701)
August 24 – Thomas Chatterton, English poet (b. 1752)
September 2 – Hongzhou, Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1712)
September 9 – Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (b. 1697)
September 22 – Ignatius of Santhià, Italian Catholic priest (b. 1686)

George Whitefield

September 30
- George Whitefield, English-born Methodist leader (b. 1714)
- Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat
October 14 – Benning Wentworth, colonial governor of New Hampshire (b. 1696)
October 18 – John Manners, Marquess of Granby, British soldier (b. 1721)
November 9 – John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician
November 13 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1712)
November 24 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian (b. 1685)
December 4 – John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont, Irish politician (b. 1711)
December 5 – James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (b. 1692)
December 6 – Neri Maria Corsini, Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (b. 1685)

1771

Rev. Samuel Phillips

January 5 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (b. 1710)
January 11 – Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (b. 1704)
January 23 – Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire, French general (b. 1685)
February 12 – Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (b. 1710)
February 20 – Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (b. 1678)
March 8 – Louis August le Clerc, French-born sculptor (b. 1688)

Christopher Smart

May 21 – Christopher Smart, English poet (b. 1722)
May 27 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury, England (b. 1711)
June 5 – Samuel Phillips (reverend), colonial American minister, 1st Pastor of the South Church in Andover (b. 1690)
June 8 – George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman (b. 1716)
July 14 – Chen Hongmou, Chinese scholar and philosopher (b. 1696)
July 22 – William Whitmore (British Army officer), British general (b. 1714)
July 30 – Thomas Gray, English writer (b. 1716)
September 13 – John Gambold, British bishop (b. 1711)
September 17 – Tobias Smollett, Scottish novelist (b. 1721)
October 22 – Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1716)
November 4 – Charles Lucas (politician), Irish apothecary (b. 1713)
November 6 – John Bevis, English physician, astronomer (b. 1695)
November 13 – Konrad Ernst Ackermann, German actor (b. 1712)

Giovanni Battista Morgagni

December 6 – Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist (b. 1682)
December 23 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (b. 1701)
December 26 – Claude Adrien Helvétius, French philosopher (b. 1715)
December 27 – Henri Pitot, Italian-born French engineer (b. 1695)

1772

February 4 – Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (b. 1715)
February 8 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (b. 1719)
February 11 – Caterina Sagredo Barbarigo, Venetian aristocrat and salon holder (b. 1715)
February 18 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, Danish statesman (b. 1712)
February 20 – Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (b. 1694)
March 21 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)
March 22 – John Canton, English physicist (b. 1718)
March 26 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (b. 1704)
March 27 – Taylor White, British judge (b. 1701)

Emanuel Swedenborg

March 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish philosopher and mathematician (b. 1688)
April 28 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, Danish royal physician (b. 1737)
May 1 – Gottfried Achenwall, German statistician (b. 1719)
May 22 – Durastante Natalucci, Italian historian (b. 1687)
June 15 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (b. 1694)
June 18
- Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born Austrian physician (b. 1700)
- Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge, philosopher (b. 1706)
June 22 – François-Vincent Toussaint, French writer most famous for Les Mœurs (The Manners) (b. 1715)
August 31 – William Borlase, English naturalist (b. 1695)
September 30 – James Brindley, British canal builder (b. 1716)
October 7 – John Woolman, American Quaker preacher, abolitionist (b. 1720)

Jean-Joseph de Mondonville

October 8 – Jean-Joseph de Mondonville, French violinist, composer (b. 1711)
October 14 – Benjamin Green, Canadian merchant and judge (b. 1713)
October 16 – Ahmad Shah Durrani, Afghan founder of the Durrani Empire (cancer) (b. 1724)
October 19 – Andrea Belli, Maltese architect, businessman (b. 1703)
November 10 – Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção, Portuguese poet (b. 1724)
November 18 – Madhavrao I, ruler of India (b. 1745)
November 19 – William Nelson, American colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
December 4 – Dov Ber of Mezeritch, the Great Maggid, a preacher and founder of Hasidism.
December 7 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish writer, scholar (b. 1695)[17]
Date unknown – Panna Cinka, Hungarian violinist (b. 1711)
Date unknown – Shaikh Mohamed bin Khalifa Al Khalifa, Ruler of Zubarah (b.circa 1705)

1773

January 1 – Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1711)
January 21 – Alexis Piron, French writer (b. 1689)
January 23
- Manuel Pinto da Fonseca, 68th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1681)
- Pieter van Reede van Oudtshoorn, Dutch administrator of the Cape Colony (b. 1714)
February 20 – King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (b. 1701)
March 1 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)

Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield

March 24
- Stephen Leake, English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (b. 1702)
- Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman and man of letters (b. 1694)
March 20 – Gottlieb Heinrich Totleben, German noble (b. 1715)
May 8 – Ali Bey Al-Kabir, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. 1728)
May 15 – Alban Butler, English Catholic priest, writer (b. 1710)
May 28 – John Wayles, American lawyer and planter (b. 1715)
June 21 – Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish geodesist (b. 1713)
June 27 – Mentewab, dowager Empress of Ethiopia (b. c. 1706)
July 5 – Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian, philologist (b. 1719)
July 12 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist, composer (b. 1697)
July 23 – George Edwards, English naturalist (b. 1693)
July 25 – Axel Löwen, Swedish duke (b. 1686)
August 3 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (b. 1700)
August 19
- Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker (b. 1702)
- Francesco Zahra, Maltese painter (b. 1710)
August 20 – Enrique Florez, Spanish historian (b. 1701)
September 23 – Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718)
October 14 – Septimanie d'Egmont, French salonist (b. 1740)
October 30 – Philippe de La Guêpière, French architect (b. 1725)
November 2 – John Glas, Scottish minister (b. 1695)
November 7 – Princess Anne Charlotte of Lorraine, French royal (b. 1714)

Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz

November 8 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (b. 1721)
November 16 – John Hawkesworth, English writer
November 19 – James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, Irish politician (b. 1722)

1774

Sultan Mustafa III

King Louis XV of France

Pope Clement XIV

January 9 – Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish bishop (b. 1702)
January 18 – Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (b. 1711)
January 21 – Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1717)
January 30 – František Tůma, Czech composer (b. 1704)
February 4 – Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician, geographer (b. 1701)
February 10 – Florian Leopold Gassmann, German composer (b. 1729)
March 30 – Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken (b. 1721)
April 4 – Oliver Goldsmith, Irish writer (b. 1728)
April 23 – Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German artist (b. 1712)
April 24 – Sara Banzet, French educator, diarist (b. 1745)
May 4 – Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick, Russian general (b. 1714)
May 10 – King Louis XV of France (b. 1710)
May 17 – Jeremiah Theus, American artist (b. 1716)
June 24 – Thomas Amory (tutor), English tutor/minister/poet (b. 1701)
July 1 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (b. 1705)
July 9 – Anna Morandi Manzolini, internationally known Italian anatomist and anatomical wax modeler (b. 1714)
July 11 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-born New York pioneer (b. 1715)
July 14 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, British field marshal (b. 1682)
August 11 – Charles-François Tiphaigne de la Roche, French writer (b. 1722)
August 14 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar, physician (b. 1716)
August 25 – Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (b. 1714)
September 22 – Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)[18]
September 25 – John Bradstreet, Canadian-born soldier (b. 1714)
October 16 – Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (b. 1750)
October 23 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary, scientist (b. 1715)
October 26 – Roemer Vlacq II, Dutch vice-admiral (b. 1712)
November 22 – Robert Clive, British general, statesman (b. 1725)
November 25 – Henry Baker, English naturalist (b. 1698)
December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer (b. 1720)
December 16 – François Quesnay, French economist (b. 1694)
date unknown
- Martinez de Pasqually, French freemason
- Margaret Calderwood, British diarist (b. 1715)
- Catherine Michelle de Maisonneuve, French writer and publisher

1775

Prithvi Narayan Shah

Peter Boehler

Peter Harrison

Caroline Matilda of Great Britain

Szymon Czechowicz

Zahir al-Umar

Robert Livingston

January 1 – Ahmad Shah Bahadur (b. 1725)
January 6 – Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (b. 1713)
January 8 – John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1707)
January 10 – Stringer Lawrence, English soldier (b. 1697)
January 11 – Prithvi Narayan Shah, last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom in the Indian subcontinent (b. 1723)
January 13 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693)
January 14 – Peter Schenk the Younger, Dutch engraver and map publisher active in Leipzig (b. 1693)
January 17 – Vincenzo Riccati, Venetian mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
February 2 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, England (b. 1685)
February 5 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (b. 1692)
February 6 – William Dowdeswell, English politician (b. 1721)
February 15 – Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (b. 1690)
February 28 – Empress Xiaoyichun, of China (b. 1727)
March 5 – Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy, French dramatist and actor (b. 1727)
March 6 – Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (b. 1711)
March 21 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (b. 1702)
March 22 – Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1697)
March 30 – Christian Ditlev Reventlow, Danish Privy Councillor (b. 1710)
April 14 – Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach, wife of Landgrave William II (b. 1697)
April 19 – Isaac Davis, gunsmith and a militia officer who commanded a company of Minutemen from Acton (b. 1745)
April 30 – Peter Harrison, colonial American architect who was born in York (b. 1716)
May 1 – Israel Lyons (b. 1739)
May 2 – Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German noblewoman (b. 1715)
May 3 – George Boscawen, British general (b. 1712)
May 10
- Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1757)
- Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (b. 1751)
- Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1751)
May 18 – Magnus Beronius (b. 1692)
May 27 – Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, daughter of Louis (b. 1693)
June 15 – Asa Pollard, American soldier (b. 1735)
June 17
- Major John Pitcairn, British marine (killed in battle) (b. 1722)
- Joseph Warren, American Patriot, physician (b. 1741)
June 21 – Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (b. 1712)
June 23 – Karl Ludwig von Pöllnitz, German adventurer and writer (b. 1692)
July 3 – Col. Thomas Gardner, political figure and heroic soldier (b. 1724)
July 11 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
July 13
- Louis Charles, Count of Eu, grandson of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (b. 1701)
- John Ratcliffe, Master of Pembroke (b. 1700)
July 21 – Szymon Czechowicz, prominent Polish painter of the Baroque (b. 1689)
August 10 – Elihu Adams, soldier in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1741)
August 13 – Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1696)
August 21 – Zahir al-Umar (b. 1689)
August 22 – Remember Baker, member of the Green Mountain Boys (b. 1737)
August 27 – James Burgh, British Whig politician and writer (b. 1714)
September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Bullet, French writer (b. 1669)
September 13 – Klaas Annink (b. 1710)
September 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English privy councillor (b. 1684)
September 17 – John Parker, American colonial farmer (b. 1729)
September 23 – John Bentinck, officer of the Royal Navy (b. 1737)
September 24 – Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (b. 1705)
October 2 – Chiyo-ni, Japanese poet (b. 1703)
October 3 – Cluer Dicey (b. 1715)
October 13 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer who also sat in Parliament (b. 1708)
October 18 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715)
October 21 – Peyton Randolph, American president of the Continental Congress (b. 1721)
October 22 – Peyton Randolph, planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia (b. 1721)
November 4 – Luis Jayme (b. 1740)
November 5 – Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German noble (b. 1722)
November 9 – Francisco Ximenes de Texada, 69th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1703)
November 13 – Jeanne Camus de Pontcarré, French aristocrat and eccentric widow (b. 1705)
November 21 – John Hill, English writer
November 24 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (b. 1703)
November 25 – Richard Spry, Royal Navy officer who served as North America and West Indies Station (b. 1715)
December 7 – Charles Saunders, British admiral
December 9 – Robert Livingston (b. 1718)
December 15 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (b. 1712)
December 28 – Petrus Albertus van der Parra, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1714)
December 31 – Richard Montgomery, American general (killed in battle) (b. 1738)

1776

James Gabriel Montresor

John Harrison

Jacques Saly

Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria

Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach

David Hume

January 6 – James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (b. 1704)
January 8 – James Frye, colonial soldier (b. 1709)
January 12 – Johann Philipp Murray, German historian interested in early Nordic studies and relations between England and Scandinavia (b. 1726)
January 14 – Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (b. 1713)
January 21 – Jacques de Romas, French physicist (b. 1713)
February 13 – Élisabeth Catherine Ballard (b. 1704)
February 18 – Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (b. 1726)
March 4 – Johann Georg Ziesenis, German – Danish portrait painter (b. 1716)
March 5 – Pierre-Robert Le Cornier de Cideville, French magistrate and scholar (b. 1693)
March 7 – John Bowes, 9th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (b. 1737)
March 10
- Élie Catherine Fréron, French critic (b. 1719)
- Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant, philanthropist (b. 1701)
March 24 – John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693)
March 26 – Samuel Ward, American politician (b. 1725)
March 29 – Johann Gotthelf Lindner, German university teacher and writer (b. 1729)
March 30 – Jonathan Belcher, British-American lawyer (b. 1710)
March 31 – Jane Randolph Jefferson, wife of Peter Jefferson and the mother of US president Thomas Jefferson (b. 1720)
April 7 – Charles-Pierre Colardeau, French poet (b. 1732)
April 19 – Jacob Emden, leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism (b. 1697)
April 20 – Olivier de Vézin (b. 1707)
April 29 – Edward Wortley Montagu, English traveller and writer (b. 1713)
May 4 – Jacques Saly, French sculptor (b. 1717)
May 6 – James Kent, English organist and composer (b. 1700)
May 7 – Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage (b. 1734)
May 23 – Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse, French salon holder (b. 1732)
May 25 – Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (b. 1711)
May 30 – Albert Frick, German theologian (b. 1714)
June 2 – Continental Army General John Thomas, from smallpox (b. 1724)
June 10
- Hsinbyushin (b. 1736)
- Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722)
June 13 – Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet and Christian hymnwriter (b. 1708)
June 20 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor, manufacturer (b. 1704)
July 7 – Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
July 10 – Richard Peters, English-born American clergyman (b. 1704)
July 15 – Richard Bampfylde, British politician (b. 1722)
July 16 – Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach, Princess-abbess of Essen Abbey and Thorn Abbey (b. 1696)
July 21 – Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (b. 1683)
August 1
- Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (b. 1707)
- Francis Salvador, American patriot (b. 1747)
August 2 – Louis François, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b. 1717)
August 14 – Charles Cathcart, 9th Lord Cathcart (b. 1721)
August 25 – David Hume, Scottish philosopher (b. 1711)
August 27 – William Stark, Revolutionary War era officer (b. 1724)
August 29 – Joseph Arnold, pre-revolutionary resident of North Kingstown and Exeter (b. 1710)
September 1 – Angelica Le Gru Perotti, Italian woman painter of the Rococo (b. 1719)
September 6 – Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII, twentieth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1770 to 1776 (b. 1759)
September 22 – Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (executed) (b. 1755)
September 24 – Charles Cadogan, 2nd Baron Cadogan, Anglo-Irish peer (b. 1685)
September 28 – Cadwallader Colden, physician (b. 1688)
October 3 – Ayşe Sultan, Ottoman princess (b. 1713)
October 10 – Karl Gotthelf von Hund, German Freemason (b. 1722)
October 15 – John Ellis, naturalist (b. 1710)
October 17 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (b. 1681)
October 28 – Princess Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen by birth (b. 1760)
October 30 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish Basque governor of the Philippines from July (b. 1709)
November 15 – Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba, Spanish duke (b. 1714)
November 17 – James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (b. 1710)
November 23 – Théophile de Bordeu, French physician (b. 1722)
December 5 – Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (b. 1716)
December 10 – Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (b. 1711)
December 13 – Victor-Thérèse Charpentier (b. 1732)
December 25 – John Gabriel Jones, colonial American pioneer and politician (b. 1752)
date unknown – Muhammad al-Warghi, Tunisian writer and poet (b. c. 1713)

1777

Enrichetta d'Este

Pierre-Herman Dosquet

Cornelia Schlosser

Consort Shu

Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria

Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon

Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet

January 10 – Spranger Barry, Irish actor (b. 1719)
January 12 – Hugh Mercer, American Revolutionary War officer, mortally wounded in battle (b. 1726)
January 13 – James Rait, Anglican clergyman, Scottish Episcopal Church Bishop of Brechin 1742–1777 (b. 1689)
January 27 – Hubert de Brienne, French naval commander (b. 1690)
January 30 – Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (b. 1702)
February 9
- Captain Abraham Godwin, American marine on USS Washington (1776 row galley) (b. 1724)
- Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier (b. 1706)
February 11 – Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet, of Minto, Scottish statesman, philosopher and poet (b. 1722)
February 24 – King Joseph I of Portugal (b. 1714)
February 28 – Joab Hoisington, American major (b. 1736)
March 1
- Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) (b. 1711)
- Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
March 2 – Empress Xiaoshengxian, mother of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1692)
March 4 – Pierre-Herman Dosquet, 4th bishop of Quebec (b. 1691)
March 6 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (b. 1700)
March 10 – John the Painter, British criminal (b. 1752)
March 20 – Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1708)
March 23 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 2nd Baronet, Scottish Jacobite and Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1685)
March 31 – Richard Terrick, Church of England clergyman, Bishop of Peterborough 1757–1764 and Bishop of London 1764–1777 (b. 1710)

April 7 – Anna Chamber, British noblewoman and poet (b. 1709)
April 29 – Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (b. 1700)
May 5 – Raphael Hayyim Isaac Carregal, Palestinian rabbi preaching in the Americas (b. 1733)
May 7 – Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, marine captain and colonial administrator in New France (b. 1708)
May 9 – Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (b. 1715)
May 11 – George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, British governor of Madras (b. 1719)
May 19 – Button Gwinnett, a signatory of the American Declaration of Independence (b. 1735)
May 22 – David Wooster, American general in the French and Indian War and in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1711)
May 28 – William Douglas, American military officer, leading regiments from Connecticut in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1742)
May 31 – Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (b. 1703)
June 8 – Cornelia Schlosser, sister and only sibling of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to survive to adulthood (b. 1750)
June 21 – Georg Friedrich Meier, German philosopher and aesthetician (b. 1718)

July 4 – Consort Shu, consort of the Chinese Qianlong Emperor (b. 1728)
July 13 – Guillaume Coustou the Younger, French artist (b. 1716)
August 14
- Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general and general inspector of the artillery (b. 1701)
- Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great (b. 1701)
August 23 – Celia Grillo Borromeo, Italian scientist, mathematician (b. 1684)
August 30 – John Clavering, British Army officer (b. 1722)
September 7 – Tekle Haymanot II, emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1754)
September 16 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Earl Harcourt, English landowner, diplomat, general and Viceroy of India (b. 1714)
September 18 – Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz, wife of Frederick (b. 1710)
September 19 – Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria (b. 1747)
September 20 – Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, British peer (b. 1686)
September 22 – John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)
September 25 – Johann Heinrich Lambert, Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer (b. 1728)

October 3 – Jeremias van Riemsdijk, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1712)
October 4 – Francis Nash, American brigadier general, killed at the Battle of Germantown (b. c. 1742)
October 6 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French salon holder (b. 1699)
October 7 – Simon Fraser of Balnain, Scottish general during the American Revolutionary War, killed in battle (b. 1729)
October 21 – Samuel Foote, English dramatist and actor (b. 1720)
October 25 – Carl von Donop, Hessian colonel fighting in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1732)
October 27 – Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon, French cardinal-archbishop and Grand Almoner (b. 1697)
October 30 – John Hart, American militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (b. 1706)
November 1 – Jonathan Hampton, American colonial surveyor (b. 1712)
November 6 – Bernard de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1699)
November 10 – Cornstalk, Shawnee chief (b. c. 1720)
November 13 – William Bowyer, English printer (b. 1699)
November 17 – Pratap Singh Shah, 2nd king of Nepal (b. 1751)
November 18 – Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley, English landowner and politician (b. 1716)
November 27 – Henry Stauffer, German settler in Bucks County, Pennsylvania (b. 1724)
December 9 – Sir Charles Knowles, 1st Baronet, British Royal Navy officer (b. c. 1704)
December 12 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (b. 1708)
December 25 – Charles Chauncey, English physician (b. 1706)
December 26
- Dolly Pentreath, last-known fluent native speaker of the Cornish language (b. 1692)
- Ricardo Wall, Spanish-Irish cavalry officer (b. 1694)
December 27 – Frederick Keppel, Church of England clergyman (b. 1728)
December 30 – Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire and Duke of Bavaria 1745–1777 (b. 1727)
October 22 – Friedrich Baum, German dragoon Lieutenant Colonel of Brunswick in British service during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1748)

1778

January 3 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist (b. 1701)

Carl Linnaeus

January 10 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (b. 1707)
February 18 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman (b. 1715)
February 20 – Laura Bassi, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1711)
February 27 – Alexander Murray of Elibank, fourth son of Alexander Murray (b. 1712)
March 5 – Thomas Arne, English composer of Rule, Britannia! (b. 1710)
March 7 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. 1720)
March 13 – Charles le Beau, French historian (b. 1701)
April 8 – Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, Dutch businessman (b. 1702)
April 22 – James Hargreaves, English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. 1720)
May 8 – Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German music historian, polymath (b. 1711)
May 11 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1708)
May 12 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France, governor of Trois-Rivières (b. 1701)
May 16 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat and politician (b. 1718)

Voltaire

May 30
- José de la Borda, Spanish/Mexican mining magnate (b. c. 1699)[19]
- Voltaire, French philosopher (b. 1694)
June 12 – Philip Livingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1716)
June 16 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720)
June 19 – Francesca Cuzzoni, Italian operatic soprano (b. 1696)
June 24 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (b. 1714)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

July 2
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (b. 1712)
- Bathsheba Spooner, American murderer (b. c. 1746)
July 3 – Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother to the Mozarts (b. 1720)
July 4 – Ebenezer Kinnersley, American scientist (b. 1711)
July 5 – James Townley, English dramatist (b. 1714)
August 5 – Charles Clémencet, French historian (b. 1703)
August 7 – Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet of England (b. 1712)
August 12 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, British general, politician (b. 1714)
October 1 – Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, British Royal Navy admiral (b. 1722)
October 6 – George Hay, British politician (b. 1715)
October 11 – Saliha Sultan, daughter of Ottoman Sultan (b. 1715)
October 24 – Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode, German politician, provost and author (b. 1716)
November 9
- Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)
- Lydia Taft, American suffragist (b. 1712)
November 11 – Anne Steele, English hymnwriter and essayist (b. 1717)
November 20 – Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726)
December 26 – Pedro Antonio de Cevallos, Spanish military Governor of Buenos Aires (1757–1766) (b. 1715)
December 30 – Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (b. 1716)
date unknown – Thomas Johnson, English furniture maker (b. 1714)

1779

James Cook

Kazimierz Pułaski

January 3 – Claude Bourgelat, French veterinary surgeon (b. 1712)
January 20 – David Garrick, English actor (b. 1717)
January 22 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor, astronomer (b. 1733)
February 7 – William Boyce, English composer (b. 1711)
February 14 – James Cook, British naval captain and explorer (b. 1728)
February 24 – Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (b. 1704)
April 7 – Martha Ray (b. 1742), British singer and mistress of John Montagu, Earl of Sandwich (murdered) (b. 1742)
April 9 – Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish military officer (b. 1717)
April 24 – Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (b. 1711)
May 1 – Sarah Clayton, English industrialist (b. 1712)
May 3 – John Winthrop, American astronomer (b. 1714)
June 7 – William Warburton, English critic, Bishop of Gloucester (b. 1698)
June 10 – Jane Gomeldon, English writer, poet and adventurer (b. 1720)
June 16 – Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (b. 1712)
June 23 – Ras Mikael Sehul, Enderase of Ethiopia
June 28 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (b. 1704)
June 29 – Anton Raphael Mengs, German-Bohemian painter (b. 1728)
July 21 – Caleb Fleming, English dissenting minister, polemicist (b. 1698)
August 26 – Henrika Juliana von Liewen, Swedish political salonnière (b. 1709)
September 12 – Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician (b. 1711)
October 11 – Kazimierz Pułaski, veteran commander of Polish, Russian, and American troops (b. 1745)
November 16 – Pehr Kalm, Finnish explorer and naturalist (b. 1716)
December 6 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter (b. 1699)
December 8 – Nathan Alcock, English physician (b. 1707)
December 16 – Emperor Go-Momozono of Japan (b. 1758)
December 17 – Giuseppe Carcani, Italian composer (b. 1703)
December 23 – Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol, British admiral and politician (b. 1724)

Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect, military engineer (b. 1707)
Johann Joseph Gassner, German priest (b. 1727)

References

Allen Jayne, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p41
"Bruce, James", in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume IV (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p676
James Marten, Children in Colonial America (NYU Press, 2007) p173
Gordon Carruth, ed., The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp78-79
Hinks, Arthur R. (1935). "Nautical time and civil date". The Geographical Journal. 86 (2): 153–157. doi:10.2307/1786590. JSTOR 1786590.
Helene Delalex; Alexandre Maral; Nicolas Milovanovic (2016). Marie-Antoinette. Getty Publications. p. 25. ISBN 9781606064832.
"Nationalism and the Falkland Islands War". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
"D/1770 L1 (Lexell)". Gary W. Kronk's Cometography. Retrieved 2012-07-02.
Rear, Marjorie (2015). "William Barker. Member of the Right Worshipful Levant Company 1731-1825. A Life in Smyrna" (PDF): 30. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Blondy, Alain; Labat Saint Vincent, Xavier (2014). Malte et Marseille au XVIIIème siècle. La Fondation de Malte. p. 161. ISBN 9781291435467.
Charles D. Rodenbough, Governor Alexander Martin: Biography of a North Carolina Revolutionary War Statesman (McFarland, 2004) p28
Vincent Carretta, Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p78
Leonore Loft, Passion, Politics, and Philosophie: Rediscovering J.-P. Brissot (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002) p55
Dale K. Van Kley, The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560-1791 (Yale University Press, 1996) p249
Antony Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought after the Encyclopedie (Martinus Nijhoff, 2012) p123
Paavo Ruotsalainen – Aholansaari (in Finnish)
Pardo de Guevara y Valdés, Eduardo (23 October 2002). "Fr. Martín Sarmiento (1695-1772)" (PDF). DSpace Home (in Spanish). Universidade da Coruña: 99. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
"Clement XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
"¿Sabes quién fué José de la Borda Sánchez?" [Do you know who José de la Borda Sánchez was?] (in Spanish). Mineria en Linea. Nov 21, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

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[1] Allen Jayne, Jefferson's Declaration of Independence: Origins, Philosophy, and Theology (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p41

[2] "Bruce, James", in Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume IV (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p676

[3] James Marten, Children in Colonial America (NYU Press, 2007) p173

[Carruth1772-4] Gordon Carruth, ed., The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates 3rd Edition (Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962) pp78-79

[5] Hinks, Arthur R. (1935). "Nautical time and civil date". The Geographical Journal. 86 (2): 153–157. doi:10.2307/1786590. JSTOR 1786590.

[6] Helene Delalex; Alexandre Maral; Nicolas Milovanovic (2016). Marie-Antoinette. Getty Publications. p. 25. ISBN 9781606064832.

[7] "Nationalism and the Falkland Islands War". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved 2007-08-19.

[8] "D/1770 L1 (Lexell)". Gary W. Kronk's Cometography. Retrieved 2012-07-02.

[9] Rear, Marjorie (2015). "William Barker. Member of the Right Worshipful Levant Company 1731-1825. A Life in Smyrna" (PDF): 30. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[10] Blondy, Alain; Labat Saint Vincent, Xavier (2014). Malte et Marseille au XVIIIème siècle. La Fondation de Malte. p. 161. ISBN 9781291435467.

[11] Charles D. Rodenbough, Governor Alexander Martin: Biography of a North Carolina Revolutionary War Statesman (McFarland, 2004) p28

[12] Vincent Carretta, Phillis Wheatley: Biography of a Genius in Bondage (University of Georgia Press, 2014) p78

[13] Leonore Loft, Passion, Politics, and Philosophie: Rediscovering J.-P. Brissot (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002) p55

[14] Dale K. Van Kley, The Religious Origins of the French Revolution: From Calvin to the Civil Constitution, 1560-1791 (Yale University Press, 1996) p249

[15] Antony Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thought after the Encyclopedie (Martinus Nijhoff, 2012) p123

[16] Paavo Ruotsalainen – Aholansaari (in Finnish)

[17] Pardo de Guevara y Valdés, Eduardo (23 October 2002). "Fr. Martín Sarmiento (1695-1772)" (PDF). DSpace Home (in Spanish). Universidade da Coruña: 99. Retrieved 24 May 2019.

[18] "Clement XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1 October 2020.

[19] "¿Sabes quién fué José de la Borda Sánchez?" [Do you know who José de la Borda Sánchez was?] (in Spanish). Mineria en Linea. Nov 21, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

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