1993 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Deep depression (IMD)
Duration	June 17 – June 19
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min)  988 hPa (mbar)

The first depression of the season originated early on June 17 off the east coast of India, about 150 km (95 mi) southwest of Kolkata. The structure was akin to a monsoon depression, as the circulation was broad, and the strongest winds were away from the center. Moving northeastward, the depression made landfall near the border of India and Bangladesh around 09:00 UTC on June 17. As it progressed into Bangladesh, the system intensified further into a deep depression, with maximum sustained winds estimated at 55 km/h (35 mph) by the IMD. In southeastern Bangladesh, a station in Chittagong recorded slightly higher sustained winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The deep depression weakened as it reached northern Bangladesh, dissipating over Assam in eastern India on June 19.[2][4]

In Bangladesh, the depression struck in the midst of ongoing floods that began earlier in June. This resulted in additional rainfall, floods, and landslides. Around 103,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, leaving 50,000 people homeless. The floods also washed away bridges and railroad tracks, and damaged 5,002 km (3,108 mi) of roads. Transport links connecting flooded areas to the capital city Dhaka were restored within a few days. Rivers exceeded their banks, isolating tens of thousands of people in northeastern Bangladesh.[2][5] Storm flooding killed 200 people in the country throughout June.[6] In response to the flooding, the Bangladesh government worked in tandem with non-government organizations to provide food, medicine, and financial assistance to storm victims. The system enhanced the monsoon in eastern India, resulting in heavy rainfall and floods.[2] The Puthimari River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, reached 4.65 m (15.3 ft) above dangerous water levels.[7]

Very severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	November 8 – November 16
Peak intensity	120 km/h (75 mph) (3-min)  986 hPa (mbar)

On November 5, the JTWC first monitored an area of convection southwest of India, associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. On November 8, the IMD classified the storm as a depression, giving it the identifier ARB 01. The depression moved northeastward toward southern India, moving ashore near Thoothukudi on November 9, and soon degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. The remnant low of the storm turned back to the northwest and re-emerged into the Arabian Sea. On November 12, it re-intensified into a depression, after convection increased over the center, and the IMD gave the storm a new identifier, ARB 02. Later that day, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 01A. As the storm turned to the north and northeast, it intensified further, based on observations from two ships. The IMD upgraded it to a very severe cyclonic storm on November 14, estimating peak winds of 120 km/h (75 mph). The JTWC estimated higher wind speeds of 150 km/h (90 mph). Wind shear from the westerlies displaced the convection, which continued ahead of the circulation. The center of the storm slowed and turned to the southeast as the winds quickly diminished. By November 16, the system weakened into a remnant low-pressure area off the coast of Gujarat and Sindh.[3][2]

In southern India, the depression killed 35 people. The cyclone dropped heavy rainfall in western India, reaching 170 mm (6.7 in) in Bhuj, Gujarat.[2] Officials issued storm warnings for Karachi, Pakistan, in anticipation that the cyclone would continue on its trajectory and move inland.[8] The cyclone brought rainfall to widespread areas in southern Sindh province,[9] along with gusty winds, causing power outages and flooding in low-lying areas of the Karachi metropolis. High seas flooded the port of Keti Bandar, forcing residents to seek higher grounds. A fishing boat capsized off the southeast coast of Pakistan; ten of the crew were rescued, but two fishermen drowned.[10] In Thatta and Badin districts, storm flooding killed 609 people and displaced around 200,000 others.[11]

Extremely severe cyclonic storm (IMD)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Duration	December 1 – December 4
Peak intensity	165 km/h (105 mph) (3-min)  968 hPa (mbar)

On November 27, the JTWC first mentioned an area of convection south of Vietnam as an area of possible tropical cyclone development. A ridge to the north steered the convective system westward across the Malay Peninsula. The system entered the eastern Bay of Bengal on November 29, and convection increased further in conjunction with a weak circulation. The JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 02B on November 30, and the IMD designated it as a depression a day later. The storm gradually intensified while moving west-northwestward toward southeastern India, developing an eye in the center of the convection. On December 4 between 04:00–05:00 UTC, the cyclone made landfall near the city of Karaikal, which recorded gusts of 198 km/h (123 mph) during the storm's passage. The IMD estimated peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph), higher than the JTWC wind estimate of 140 km/h (85 mph). The storm rapidly weakened over land to depression intensity, and the IMD stopped tracking the system late on December 4. The JTWC tracked the system into the Arabian Sea on December 5, where the circulation dissipated shortly thereafter.[3][2]

Along the northwest coast of Sri Lanka, the cyclone's flow produced a .5 m (1.6 ft) storm surge.[12] The IMD issued hourly warnings for southern India in advance of the cyclone, through electronic and print media. Around 40,000 people evacuated their houses near the coast.[2] Across southern India, the cyclone killed 70 people and left US$216 million in damage (1993 USD).[13][14] Heavy rainfall reached over 300 mm (12 in) in southern Andhra Pradesh,[2] causing landslides and flooding. The Sathanur Dam exceeded its capacity, forcing hundreds of people to leave their homes in Pondicherry.[13] A 3 to 4 m (9.8 to 13.1 ft) storm surge flooded 60 coastal villages, and waters reached 22 km (14 mi) inland. Around 12,000 people had to be rescued from inaccessible areas after the cyclone struck.[2][13] Train service was halted in and out of Chennai.[14] Roadways across Tamil Nadu were damaged or blocked by fallen trees, after high winds uprooted hundreds of trees and snapped power lines.[15] Hundreds of thousands of people in southern India were left without power or water service. The cyclone also damaged over 44,000 houses, of which 20,000 were in Pondicherry alone, where about 68,000 people were displaced. Knee-deep waters ruined 41,520 ha (102,600 acres) of crop fields.[14]

After the storm, local governments worked to restore power lines and damaged roads,[16] while also providing food and fuel to affected residents.[15]

Deep depression (IMD)
Duration	December 19 – December 20
Peak intensity	55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min)  1006 hPa (mbar)

Typhoon Manny, a long-tracked storm in the western Pacific Ocean, dissipated as a tropical cyclone over the Malay Peninsula on December 15.[3] The system emerged into the Andaman Sea on the next day, and continued westward across the Bay of Bengal. It evolved into a low pressure area on December 18, and intensified into the final depression of the season on the next day. Moving northwestward, The system passed northeast of Sri Lanka while moving northwestward. It weakened while approaching southern India, dissipating near the coast of Tamil Nadu. The depression brought locally heavy rainfall to Tamil Nadu and Puducherry.[2]