2002 Afyon earthquake

The Afyon Province of western Turkey was struck by an earthquake measuring 6.5 Mw on 23 February 2002 at 10:11 local time (07:11 UTC). It had a maximum felt intensity of VIII (severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. It damage hundreds of buildings and caused the deaths of 44 people and a further 318 injuries.[1]

2002 Afyon earthquake
UTC time2002-02-03 07:11:28
ISC event2765123
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date3 February 2002 (2002-02-03)
Local time10:11 TRT (UTC+3:00)
Magnitude6.5 Mw
Depth5 km (3 mi)
Epicentre38.573°N 31.271°E / 38.573; 31.271
FaultSultandağı Fault
TypeNormal
Areas affectedAfyonkarahisar Province, Turkey
Max. intensityVIII (Severe) MMI
Casualties44 dead, 318 injured

Tectonic setting

Most of western Turkey lies in an area of extensional tectonics that extends into the Aegean Sea. The cause of the extension is thought to be the rollback of the subducting slab of the African Plate that dips northwards beneath the Aegean. The overall N–S extension has resulted in a series of NW–SE to W–E trending seismically active normal faults with associated rift basins. The Afyon–Akşehir Graben lies in the hanging-wall of the low-angle Sultandağı Fault and contains nearly 1 km of late Miocene to Quaternary sedimentary fill. Part of this fault ruptured during a magnitude 6.0 earthquake in December 2000.[2]

Earthquake

The earthquake had a magnitude in the range 6.2–6.7 Mw .[3][4] The observed focal mechanism is consistent with normal faulting along a fault trending WSW–ENE, although the local trend of the basin-bounding fault is closer to WNW–ESE. The distribution of the aftershocks, however, is consistent with a rupture along part of the Sultandağı Fault of about 40 km in length. It also suggests that the rupture propagation was almost unidirectional towards the northwest, with the mainshock close to the southeastern end of the rupture.[2]

A large aftershock, measuring 5.8–6.0 Mw , occurred roughly two hours after the mainshock near the western end of the Sultandağı Fault.[2][3]

Analysis of the coulomb stress transfer associated with the M6.0 earthquake on 15 December 2000 suggests that these stress changes triggered the 2002 mainshock. The epicentre of the mainshock lies near the termination of the rupture associated with the earlier earthquake, consistent with this interpretation.[2]

Damage

There was significant damage in 8 of the 18 districts in Afyon Province and some damage in Akşehir in Konya Province. A total of 4,051 residential and 339 commercial buildings either collapsed or were badly damaged. A further 10,402 residential and 884 commercial buildings suffered either low or medium levels of damage. The town of Çay suffered the most damage and had the greatest number of fatalities.[5]

The most damaged building type was the traditional Himis style, which consists of timber frames with adobe and rubble infill and heavy roofs. Collapse of this building type was responsible for causing most of the deaths and injuries in this earthquake.[5]

References
  1. National Centers for Environmental Information. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): Significant Earthquake Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  2. Aksarı, D.; Karabulut, H.; Özalaybey, S. (2010). "Stress interactions of three moderate size earthquakes in Afyon, southwestern Turkey". Tectonophysics. 485 (1–4): 141–153. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2009.12.010.
  3. Ergin, M.; Aktar, M.; Özalaybey, S.; Tapirdamaz, M.C.; Selvi, O.; Tarancioglu, A. (2009). "A high-resolution aftershock seismicity image of the 2002 Sultandagi-Çay earthquake (Mw = 6.2), Turkey". Journal of Seismology. 13: 633–646. doi:10.1007/s10950-009-9155-1.
  4. Aktuğ, B.; Kaypa, B.; Çelik, R.N. (2010). "Source parameters for the Mw = 6.6, 03 February 2002, Çay Earthquake (Turkey) and aftershocks from GPS, Southwestern Turkey". Journal of Seismology. 14: 445–456. doi:10.1007/s10950-009-9174-y.
  5. Erdik, M.; Sesetyan, K.; Demircioglu, M.B.; Celep, U.; Biro, Y.; Uckan, E. (May 2002). "Preliminary Observations on the Sultandagi, Turkey, Earthquake of February 3, 2002" (PDF). Special Earthquake Report. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
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