90th Regiment of Foot (Perthshire Volunteers)

The landing of British troops at Aboukir, 8 March 1801 by Philip James de Loutherbourg

The regiment was raised in Scotland by Thomas Graham as the 90th Regiment of Foot, in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 10 February 1794.[1] Graham was given permission to uniform and drill his regiment as a light infantry battalion.[2] It embarked as part of the Quiberon Expedition and took part in the capture of the Île d'Yeu in September 1795.[3] The following year the regiment was dispatched to support the French Royalist Lieutenant-general François de Charette in his struggle with the Republicans.[4] It took part in the Capture of Minorca in November 1798[5][6] and then sailed for Malta in November 1800[7] before transferring to Egypt in March 1801 for service in the Egyptian Campaign.[8] It saw action at the Battle of Abukir on 8 March 1801[9] and the Battle of Mandora on 13 March 1801[10] before returning to Malta in September 1801[11] and sailing for England in February 1802.[12]

The regiment became the 90th Regiment of Foot (Perthshire Volunteers) on absorbing the Perthshire Volunteers in 1802.[1] A second battalion was raised in September 1804 but never left the United Kingdom.[1] The 1st Battalion embarked for the West Indies in January 1805 and was garrisoned on Saint Vincent.[13] It saw action at the invasion of Martinique in January 1809[14] and at the invasion of Guadeloupe in January 1810.[15] The battalion then sailed for Canada in May 1814 and was garrisoned in Quebec during the War of 1812.[16] The regiment became the 90th Regiment of Foot (Perthshire Volunteers) (Light Infantry) in May 1815.[1] The 1st Battalion arrived for Ostend in August 1815 for service as part of the Army of Occupation of France.[17] It absorbed the 2nd Battalion in 1817.[1]

The 90th Regiment of Foot on parade in India, 1866

The regiment sailed for Malta in October 1820[18] and then on to the Ionian Islands in October 1821[19] before returning home in 1830.[20] It then embarked for Ceylon in October 1835[21] and, after ten years on the island, sailed on to the Cape of Good Hope where it landed in April 1846 for service in the Seventh Xhosa War.[22] It embarked for England in January 1847.[23] It sailed to Balaklava in December 1854 and saw action at the Siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854.[24] The regiment returned to England in June 1856 but then embarked for India in February 1857 to help suppress the Indian Rebellion.[25] It took part in the relief of Lucknow in November 1857,[26] an action which saw members of the regiment awarded six Victoria Crosses.[27][28][29] The regiment embarked for home in September 1869.[30]

The regiment embarked for the Cape Colony in January 1878[31] and fought in the Ninth Xhosa War later that year.[32] It also saw action at the Battle of Kambula in March 1879[33] and the Battle of Ulundi in July 1879 during the Anglo-Zulu War.[34] The regiment embarked for India again in October 1879.[35]

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 90th was linked with the 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 60 at Hamilton Barracks.[36] On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot to form the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles).[1]

• 1794–1823: Gen. Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch, GCB, GCMG

• 1823: Gen. Hon Robert Meade
• 1823–1837: Gen. Sir Ralph Darling, GCH
• 1837–1841: Lt-Gen. Sir Henry Sheehy Keating, KCB
• 1841–1853: Gen. Sir Alexander Leith, KCB
• 1853–1857: Lt-Gen. Felix Calvert
• 1857–1862: Gen. Alexander Fisher Macintosh, KH
• 1862: Gen. George Upton, 3rd Viscount Templetown, GCB
• 1862–1881: Gen. William Hassall Eden
• 1881: Regiment amalgamated with the 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot to form the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)