Agni-IV

Agni-IV ("Fire") is the fourth in the Agni series of missiles which was earlier known as Agni II prime. It has been developed by India's DRDO and displayed a number of new technologies and significant improvement in missile technology. The missile is light-weight and has two stages of solid propulsion and a payload with re-entry heat shield.[8] With 3,500 to 4,000 km range,[9] it is capable of striking targets in nearly all of mainland China, if launched from northeastern part of India.[10]

Agni-IV
Agni-IV missile being launched from Wheeler Island, Odisha.
TypeIntermediate Range Ballistic Missile
Place of originIndia
Service history
In serviceActive[1]
Used byStrategic Forces Command
Production history
DesignerDefence Research and Development Organisation
ManufacturerBharat Dynamics Limited
Specifications
Mass17,000 kilograms (37,000 lb)[2]
Length20 metres (66 ft)[2]
WarheadConventional, thermobaric, strategic nuclear weapon
EngineMulti-stage composite rocket motor[3]
PropellantSolid fuel
Operational
range
3,500 – 4,000 km[4][5]
Flight altitude900 kilometres (560 mi)
Guidance
system
Ring laser gyro inertial navigation system with redundant micro inertial navigation and digital control system[6]
Accuracy<100 m CEP[7]
Launch
platform
8 × 8 transporter erector launcher/Rail Mobile Launcher
Range comparison of Agni missiles

Development

This missile is one of a kind, proving many new technologies for the first time, and represents a significant leap in India's missile technology. The missile is lighter in weight and uses a two-stage rocket engine powered by solid propellant. The Composite Rocket Motor which has been used for the first time has given excellent performance. The missile system is equipped with modern and compact avionics with redundancy to provide a high level of reliability. The indigenous-built ring laser gyroscope is used in the high accuracy INS (RINS) and Micro Inertial Navigation System (MINGS), which complement each other as a redundancy. The high performance onboard computer with distributed Avionics architecture, high speed reliable communication bus and a full Digital Control System have controlled and guided the missile to the target. The missile reached the target with a high level of accuracy. Radars and electro-optical systems along the Coast of Odisha have tracked and monitored all the parameters of the missile. Two Indian Naval ships located near the target witnessed the final event.

Dr Vijay Kumar Saraswat, Scientific Advisor to Raksha Mantri, Secretary, Department of Defence R&D and Director General DRDO, who witnessed the launch, congratulated all the scientists and employees of DRDO and the Armed Forces for the successful launch of AGNI-IV. Sri Avinash Chander, Chief Controller (Missiles & Strategic Systems), DRDO and Programme Director of AGNI, while addressing the scientists after the launch, called it as a new era in the modern Long Range Navigation System in India. He said, "this test has paved the way ahead for the success of Agni-V Mission, which will be launched shortly".

Smt. Tessy Thomas, Project Director of Agni-IV and her team prepared and integrated the missile system and launched the missile successfully. In a jubilant tone she said that the DRDO has produced and proven many new state of the art technologies in the Missile System like Composite Rocket Motors, very high accuracy Ring Laser Gyro based Inertial Navigation System, Micro Navigation System, Digital Controller System and very powerful onboard computer system. The missile, having capability to carry strategic nuclear warheads for the forces, has provided a fantastic deterrence to the country and it will be produced in numbers and delivered to the Armed Forces as early as possible. Sri S.K. Ray, Director RCI, Sri P. Venugopalan, Director DRDL, Dr V.G. Sekaran Director ASL and Sri S.P. Dash, Director ITR were also present during the launch and reviewed all the activities.

The DRDO had produced and proven many new state of the art technologies with the Agni-IV like composite rocket motors, very high accuracy Ring Laser Gyro based Inertial Navigation System, Micro Navigation System, Digital Controller System and very powerful onboard computer system.[8] Agni-IV bridges the gap between Agni-II and Agni-III. Agni IV can carry a warhead of 1 tonne. It is designed to increase the kill efficiency along with a higher range performance. Its length is 20 meters and launch weight 17 tonnes. It can be fired from a road mobile launcher.[11][12] Efforts are being made to fine-tune the Agni missiles to defeat anti-ballistic missile systems. The radar cross-section and other detectable signatures of Agni-IV have been significantly reduced to make them much more immune to counter-measures.[13]

Testing

Agni-IV has undergone seven successful tests over the course of six years.[14]

  • 15 November 2011: Agni-IV was successfully test fired for the first time, from a road-mobile launcher at 9 am from Wheeler Island off the coast of Orissa. The missile followed its trajectory, attained a height of about 900 km and reached the pre-designated target in international waters of the Bay of Bengal. All mission objectives were fully met. All systems functioned perfectly till the end encountering re-entry temperatures of more than 3,000 °C (5,430 °F).[8]
  • 19 September 2012: The missile was successfully test-fired again for its full range of 4,000 km from the Wheeler Island, off the Orissa coast.[15] The missile lifted off from a road mobile launcher at 11:48 a.m. and after zooming to an altitude of over 800 km, it re-entered the atmosphere and impacted near the pre-designated target in the Indian Ocean with remarkable degree of accuracy following a 20-minute flight. Carrying a payload of explosives weighing a tonne, the missile re-entered the atmosphere and withstood searing temperatures of more than 3,000 °C (5,430 °F).[4][16]
  • 20 January 2014: The missile was test-fired in the actual weapon and road-mobile configuration of the Strategic Forces Command (SFC), from the launch complex-4 of the Integrated Test Range at Wheeler Island off Orissa coast. The missile traveled a vertical distance of 850 km and covered its full range of 4,000 km. The onboard ring laser gyro-based inertial navigation system (RINS) and the micro-navigation system (MINGS) enabled the missile to fall within 100 meters of its target. The re-entry shield withstood outside temperatures as high as 4,000 °C (7,230 °F), enabling the avionics to work at less than 50 °C (122 °F) inside.[17][18]
  • 2 December 2014: The missile was successfully test-fired by the Army's Strategic Forces Command (SFC). This was the first user trial and fourth consecutive successful flight.[19] The missile has been inducted into the Indian Army.[20]
  • 9 November 2015: Agni IV was successfully test-fired as part of a user trial by the tri-Service Strategic Forces Command (SFC). According to DRDO officials, the missile met all mission parameters.[14][21]
  • 2 January 2017: Agni IV was successfully test-fired as part of a user trial by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC) at 11:55 am from launch complex-4 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Wheeler Island. According to DRDO officials, the user trial met all mission objectives.[22][23][24]
  • 23 December 2018: The Agni IV was successfully test fired from Launch Complex-4 of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Abdul Kalam Island at around 8:35 am.[25]

See also

Related development

Related lists

References
  1. "Agni-V set to be inducted by December after one more test | india news". Hindustan Times. 14 August 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  2. Subramanian, T.S. (15 November 2011). "Agni - IV successfully test fired". The Hindu. chennai, India. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  3. "AGNI-4 IRBM (Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile),Indian Armed Forces". AerMech.IN. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  4. "India Test Fires Long Range Strategic Missile Agni-IV". The Outlook India. 19 September 2012. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  5. "Long range strategic missile Agni-IV test-fired". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 September 2012.
  6. "Agni-4". Missile Threat. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
  7. "Agni-4".
  8. "Livefist: VIDEO: Today's Successful Agni-IV Test". Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  9. "Missiles of India". Missile Threat. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  10. Kristensen, Hans M.; Norris, Robert S. (2017). "Indian nuclear forces, 2017". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 73 (4): 205–209. doi:10.1080/00963402.2017.1337998.
  11. "India test-fires nuclear-capable Agni-IV missile". Hindustan Times. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  12. "India tests nuclear-capable surface-to-surface Agni-IV missile". The Times of India. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2012.
  13. "Eyeing China, India to enter ICBM club in 3 months". The Times of India. 17 November 2011.
  14. "Ballistic missile Agni-IV test-fired as part of user trial". Times of India. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  15. "India test-fires nuclear-capable strategic missile Agni-IV". The Times of India. Balasore (Orissa), India. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  16. "Long range strategic missile Agni-IV test-fired". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
  17. Subramanian, T.S. (20 January 2014). "Agni-IV missile successfully test fired". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
  18. "Agni-IV test successful, ready for induction". The Times of India. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  19. "Agni-IV launch successful". The Hindu. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  20. "India successfully tests nuclear capable Agni IV missile". The Hindu. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  21. "Ballistic missile Agni-IV test-fired as part of user trial off Odisha coast". Times of India. 9 November 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  22. "India successfully test-fires Agni IV missile - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  23. Subramanian, T.S. "Agni-IV missile successfully test fired". The Hindu. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  24. "Agni IV nuclear-capable ballistic missile test-fired successfully". The Financial Express. 2 January 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  25. BalasoreDecember 23, Press Trust of India; December 23, Press Trust of India; Ist, Press Trust of India. "Nuclear-capable Agni-IV missile successfully test-fired". India Today. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  1. Video of Agni IV test
  2. Picture of Agni IV being launched
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