Atlantic spiny rat

The Atlantic spiny rats are all found in the genus Trinomys. They are a group of South American spiny-rats in the family Echimyidae.[1][2]

Atlantic spiny-rat
Temporal range: Recent
↓
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Echimyidae
Subfamily: Euryzygomatomyinae
Genus: Trinomys
Thomas, 1921
Species

Trinomys albispinus
Trinomys dimidiatus
Trinomys eliasi
Trinomys gratiosus
Trinomys iheringi
Trinomys mirapitanga
Trinomys moojeni
Trinomys myosuros
Trinomys paratus
Trinomys setosus
Trinomys yonenagae

Extant species of Trinomys

Based on Natureserve.[3]

Trinomys albispinusWhite-spined Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys dimidiatusSoft-spined Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys eliasiElias's Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys gratiosusGracile Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys iheringiIhering's Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys mirapitangaDark-caped Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys moojeniMoojen's Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys myosurosMouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys paratusSpiked Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys setosusHairy Atlantic spiny rat
Trinomys yonenagaeYonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat

The species of spiny rats in the genus Trinomys are apparently all Brazilian.[3] In particular many of them are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. Not much is known for certain about their ranges however, which still are being investigated, with frequent extensions to the recorded distributions of several species in various ecological classes of forest and dry land. They do not however appear to occur at high altitudes, and several of their ranges appear to be parapatric.[4]

Phylogeny

Genus level

Trinomys is the sister genus to the fossorial genera Clyomys and Euryzygomatomys. In turn, these three genera — forming the clade of Euryzygomatomyinae — share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing Carterodon and members of the family Capromyidae.

Cladogram of the Euryzygomatomyinae
with their relationship to Carterodon and Capromyidae.
root  
Euryzygomatomyinae
         

  Trinomys (Atlantic spiny rats)

 
 
         

  Euryzygomatomys (guiaras)

 
 

  Clyomys

 
 
 
 
 

  Carterodon (Owl's spiny rat)

 
Capromyidae
  Plagiodontini  

  Plagiodontia

 
  Capromyini  
 

  Geocapromys

 
         
         
         

  Mesocapromys

 
 

  Mysateles

 
 
 

  Capromys (Desmarest's hutia)

 
 
 
 
 
 
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

References
  1. Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Trinomys". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. Lara, Marcia C.; Patton, James L. (December 2000). "Evolutionary diversification of spiny rats (genus Trinomys, Rodentia: Echimyidae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 130 (4): 661–686. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02205.x.
  3. InfoNatura: Animals and Ecosystems of Latin America [web application]. 2007. Version 5.0 . Arlington, Virginia (USA): NatureServe. Available: http://www.natureserve.org/infonatura.
  4. Attias, Nina; Raíces, Daniel S. L.; Pessoa, Flávia S.; Albuquerque, Hermano; Jordão-Nogueira, Tássia; Modesto, Thiago C.; Bergallo, Helena de G. (June 2009). "Potential distribution and new records of Trinomys species (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in the state of Rio de Janeiro". Zoologia. Curitiba. 26 (2): 305–315. doi:10.1590/S1984-46702009000200013.
  5. Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
  6. Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
  7. Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. S2CID 83639441.
  8. Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
  9. Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
  10. Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (25 December 2016). "Mitogenomic phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of South American spiny rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. PMID 28025278.


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