Audubon Terrace

Audubon Terrace, also known as the Audubon Terrace Historic District, is a landmark complex of eight early-20th century Beaux Arts/American Renaissance[1] buildings located on the west side of Broadway, bounded by West 155th and West 156th Streets, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of upper Manhattan, New York City. Home to several cultural institutions, the architecturally complementary buildings, which take up most of a city block, are arranged in two parallel rows facing each other across a common plaza. The complex is directly across 155th Street from Trinity Church Cemetery.

Audubon Terrace Historic District
(2008)
LocationBetween Broadway & Riverside Drive,
between West 155th & 156th Streets
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°50′0″N 73°56′49″W
Built1907
ArchitectCharles Pratt Huntington
Architectural styleBeaux Arts/American Renaissance[1]
NRHP reference No.80002667
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 30, 1980[2]
Designated NYCLJanuary 9, 1979[3]
A - formerly American Geographical Society, now Boricua College
B - Hispanic Society Library
C - Church of Our Lady of Esperanza
D - American Academy of Arts and Letters Auditorium
E - American Academy of Arts and Letters (AAA&L)
F - New entrance link
G - formerly American Numismatic Society, now AAA&L Annex
H - Hispanic Society of America
I - formerly Museum of the American Indian, now Hispanic Society

Although the 157th Street station on the New York City Subway's 1 train is one block away, the complex's location considerably north of Midtown Manhattan has resulted in a perceived detriment to easy access for visitors.[4] The complex was designated a New York City landmark in 1979,[3] and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[2]

History

Named for naturalist and artist John James Audubon, on whose former land the complex sits, Audubon Terrace was commissioned in 1907 by Archer Milton Huntington, the heir to the Southern Pacific Railroad fortune, a philanthropist and a Spanish scholar.[5] The master plan for the site was drawn up by his cousin, architect Charles P. Huntington, in 1908.[1] Archer Huntington chose the location at a time when the two centuries old northward march of fashionable residences and cultural institutions seemed likely to transform the largely rural area. He assumed that other museums and learned societies would soon join him, creating an intellectual citadel atop the island's heights. The widespread adoption of the elevator and steel framing at this time, however, led Manhattan real estate to begin to develop vertically instead and New York's other great cultural institutions failed to follow suit - in fact, most of the organizations which located on Audubon Terrace were headed by or strongly connected to Huntington.

In 1904, Huntington had founded the Hispanic Society of America, and had commissioned Charles Huntington to design a building for the new institution on the grounds of what would become Audubon Terrace. Huntington's original building was constructed from 1904–08, with a west wing by Huntington added in 1915 along with an east wing designed by Erik Strindberg. In 1923-30, a library for the Society was added across the plaza, designed by H. Brooks Price.[3] The next institutions to locate on the site all had their buildings designed by Charles Huntington: the American Numismatic Society, built in 1907, the American Geographical Society (1911), the Spanish-speaking Church of Our Lady of Esperanza (1909–12; West 156th Street addition and remodeling in 1924 by Lawrence G. White, Stanford White's son[3]), and the Museum of the American Indian (1915–22).

In 1921-23, William M. Kendall of McKim, Mead & White designed an Anglo-Italian Renaissance building for the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the National Institute of Arts and Letters, which was followed by an auditorium and gallery for them designed by Cass Gilbert and built in 1928-30.[1][5] The two organizations merged as the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1976.[3]

The plaza surrounding these buildings is the location of a number of sculptures executed by Anna Hyatt Huntington, Archer Huntington's wife, between 1927 and 1944.[3] These include a large equestrian statue of the legendary Spanish knight El Cid (1927), in front of the Hispanic Society Library.[6][7]

Resident institutions

A number of the original institutions are no longer resident on the Terrace:[4]

Of the remaining original institutions, the Hispanic Society is renovating its existing space as well as expanding into the space left vacant by the Museum of the American Indian, a project that will take several years to complete. A plan to move the Hispanic Society downtown was contemplated in 2006 but ultimately not carried out.[10] Some of its collection is on tour, and so far, has been sent to Madrid, Mexico City, and Albuquerque.[11] The Society maintains a library and a museum with an important collection of art and artifacts from the Iberian peninsula, with some items from Spanish America.[12]

The American Academy of Arts and Letters was founded in 1898. Its gallery is open to the public Tuesdays through Saturdays from 1 pm to 4 pm, except from March to June, when it is open Thursdays through Sundays from 1 pm to 4 pm.[13]

See also

References

Notes

  1. White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot & Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 558–561. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  3. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission "Audubon Terrace Historic District Designation Report" (January 9, 1979)
  4. Gray, Christopher. "Streetscapes: Audubon Terrace", The New York Times, (May 17, 1987) accessed March 30, 2008
  5. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1.
  6. "Anna Hyatt Huntington" Archived 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine on the Hispanic Society website, accessed March 30, 2008
  7. Framberger, David J. & Olshansky, Joan R. (December 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Audubon Terrace Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2011-03-19. See also: "Accompanying eight photos".
  8. "Timeline of the American Geographical Society" Archived 2013-10-23 at the Wayback Machine on the AGS website
  9. "About the ANS" on the American Numismatic Society website]
  10. Hispanic Society Board Endorses Plan to Leave Washington Heights for Downtown, The New York Times (March 23, 2006), accessed March 30, 2008
  11. http://hispanicsociety.org/visit/visitor-information/
  12. Hispanic Society - Collections Archived 2008-04-20 at the Wayback Machine, accessed March 30, 2008
  13. Informational plaques at Audubon Terrace

Bibliography

  • Walsh, Kevin (2006). Forgotten New York. New York: Collins. pp. 206. ISBN 0-06-114502-5.
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