Augustus Peabody Gardner

Augustus Peabody Gardner (November 5, 1865 – January 14, 1918) was an American military officer and Republican Party politician from Massachusetts. He represented the North Shore region in the Massachusetts Senate and United States House of Representatives in the early 20th century. Through his marriage to Constance Lodge, Gardner was the son-in-law of Henry Cabot Lodge.

Augustus Peabody Gardner
Major Gardner in uniform.
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 6th district
In office
November 4, 1902 – May 15, 1917
Preceded byWilliam Henry Moody
Succeeded byWillfred W. Lufkin
Member of the Massachusetts Senate
from the 3rd Essex District
In office
January 3, 1900 – December 31, 1901
Preceded byCharles O. Bailey
Succeeded byHarry C. Foster
Personal details
Born(1865-11-05)November 5, 1865
Boston, Massachusetts
DiedJanuary 14, 1918(1918-01-14) (aged 52)
Camp Wheeler, Macon, Georgia
NationalityAmerican
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)Constance Lodge (m. June 15, 1892)
ChildrenConstance Gardner
Alma materHarvard, A.B., 1886
AwardsDistinguished Service Medal
Military service
AllegianceUnited States of America
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1898
1917–1918
RankCaptain and assistant Adjutant General
Colonel, Major
UnitAdjutant General's Department
31st Division
121st Regiment, United States Infantry
Battles/warsSpanish–American War
Battle of Coamo
World War I

Early life and education
Augustus Peabody Gardner in 1916.

Gardner was born in Boston, Massachusetts on November 5, 1865 to Joseph Peabody Gardner and Harriet Sears Amory.[1] He was the descendant of Thomas Gardner.

His mother died in 1865.[2] After his father died in 1875, Augustus and his two brothers were informally adopted by his uncle John Lowell Gardner II and John's wife Isabella Stewart Gardner.

He graduated from Harvard University in 1886. He studied law at Harvard Law School but never practiced, instead devoting himself to the management of his estate.

On June 14, 1892, Gardner married Constance Lodge, daughter of then-Representative and soon-to-be Senator Henry Cabot Lodge at Saint Anne's Church in Nahant, Massachusetts.

Spanish–American War

Gardner served in the Spanish–American War as a captain and assistant adjutant general on the staff of Major General James Wilson and fought at the Battle of Coamo. He served from May 12 to December 31, 1898.

Politics

Gardner was a member of the Republican Party, like his father-in-law. He was elected to the Massachusetts Senate in 1899 and served from 1900 to 1901.

Gardner was then elected to the Fifty-seventh Congress by special election, after the resignation of United States Representative William H. Moody. Gardner was reelected to the eight succeeding Congresses (November 4, 1902 – May 15, 1917). Gardner was the chairman of the United States House Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions during the Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth Congresses.

In the House, Gardner favored limiting the powers of the Speaker, placing him in opposition to Republican Speaker Joseph Cannon and his allies. He favored restrictions on immigration and a build-up of the American national military, as opposed to reliance on state militias.[3]

In 1913, Gardner was the Republican nominee for Governor of Massachusetts, but finished third behind Democrat David I. Walsh and Progressive Charles Sumner Bird.

World War I

Rescue of the Lodges from France

At the beginning of World War I, Gardner's sister-in-law, Mrs. George Cabot Lodge and her children (Henry, John, and Helene) were stranded in France. In August 1914, Gardner traveled to France to extract them and bring them to safety in London.[4]

Resignation from Congress and enlistment

Shortly after the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, Gardner resigned from Congress to enter the army on May 24, 1917, as a colonel in the Adjutant General's Department. He was first assigned to the headquarters of the Eastern Department at Governors Island in New York Harbor and later as adjutant of the 31st Division.

Desiring combat duty, he requested and accepted a demotion to the rank of major on December 8, 1917. He was then placed in command of the 1st Battalion, 121st Infantry, 31st Division at Camp Wheeler in Georgia.

Death

Gardner died of pneumonia while on active duty at Macon, Georgia on January 14, 1918. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

In 1923, he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for meritorious service during World War I. His award citation states, "His entire service was characterized by untiring zeal, devotion to duty and marked success."[5] His other military awards were the Spanish Campaign Medal and the World War I Victory Medal.

Constance later re-married to Major General Charles Clarence Williams, U.S. Army Chief of Ordnance.

References
  • United States Congress. "Augustus Peabody Gardner (id: G000050)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
Notes
  1. Gardner, Constance Lodge (1919), Augustus Peabody Gardner, Major, United States National Guard, 1865–1918, Cambridge, MA: Constance Gardner, printed at the Riverside press, p. 1
  2. Gardner, Frank A MD [1933] Gardner Memorial: A Biographical and Genealogical Record of the Descendants of Thomas Gardner, Planter, Cape Ann, 1624, Salem ISBN 978-0-7404-2590-5
  3. "Maj. Gardner Dies at Camp Wheeler; Author of the Famous 'Wake Up, America!' Speech a Victim of Pneumonia at 52" (PDF). New York Times. January 15, 1918. p. 13.
  4. Boston Evening Transcript (August 7, 1914), "Lodge and Gardner Safe: Families of Both now in London-Gardner Praises American Officials at Havre", The Boston Evening Transcript, Boston, MA, p. 3
  5. American Decorations, 1862–1926. pg. 706.

Further reading
  • Gardner, Constance Lodge.: Augustus Peabody Gardner, Major, United States National Guard, 1865–1918 (1919).
  • Who's who in State Politics, 1912 Practical Politics p. 18 (1912).
  • New York Times, "Gardiner-Lodge" Page 4, (June 15, 1892).
Party political offices
Preceded by
Joseph H. Walker		 Republican nominee for Governor of Massachusetts
1913		 Succeeded by
Samuel W. McCall
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
William H. Moody		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 6th congressional district
November 4, 1902 – May 15, 1917		 Succeeded by
Wilfred W. Lufkin
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