Australian New Zealanders

Australian New Zealander refers to the New Zealand Citizens whose origin from Australia, as well as Australia migrants and settlers live in New Zealand. Immigration between Australia and New Zealand is a frequent situation in history. New Zealand and Australian shared familiar Geographical, historical and cultural background.

Australian New Zealanders
Total population
62,712 (by birth, 2013 census)
22,467 (by ancestry, 2013)
Regions with significant populations
Australian-born people by region
Auckland19,593
Canterbury8,520
Wellington6,915
Waikato6,096
Bay of Plenty4,194
Otago3,897
Languages
English

History

Trans-Tasman Migration and coutinuous commiunication

Under the situation that the New Zealand and Australia had assorted arrangements from 1920s, there was transfer of personal between two countries.  The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement was informed by two countries in 1973. In this arrangement it declared that the citizens were free to move and live in New Zealand or Australia by their personal intention. For the recent fifty years, the major part of immigrates from New Zealand were live in Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Brisbane.[1]

For the Trans-Tasman Migration, some viewer considered and identified it as an interior migration like people move into the different area in one nation. From the beginning of 1960s to 2006 there was 62742 Australian-born citizens in New Zealand. Economic consideration was extremely important for immigrate to make decision. The salary differences between New Zealand and Australia was conspicuous, the income at in Australia was 32% higher than that in New Zealand in the same period.[1]

Except economic factors, environmental, quality of life are also the push-poll factors for the New Zealander immigrate to Australia. Personal satisfaction and hope for developing ability are also an important consideration for immigrates.[1]

1984 Special Category Visa (Subclass 444)

In 1984 Australian Government introduced the Special Category Visa, also known as Australian subclass 444 visa. This Visa granted New Zealand visa holder to live, work and study in Australia. There are two categories of Special category Visa, Protected Special category Visa and Non-protected Special category Visa. The differences between these two types are when that Visa was issued. New Zealand Citizens entered Australia before 26 February will be assigned as a protected Special category Visa holder, after that date, the Visa holder from New Zealand will be assigned as a Non-protected Special category Visa Holder.[2]

2001 immigration policy Changes in Australia

In 2001 the immigration policies were revamped. In this version of immigration policy, the New Zealanders arrived in Australia after 26 February 2001 was classified as Special Visa holders. Several rights for New Zealanders moving to Australia was vanished, they are unable to get vote rights after these changes. In this period 47 per cent of New Zealand Citizens live in Australia was affected by the revamped immigration regulations.[3]

Both New Zealander and Australian occupy 2 per cent in two countries population. This movement for Immigration policy changing decrease the number of immigrates in New Zealand and Australia.[4]

The Second Largest immigration into Australia was people who born in New Zealand, and it causes permanent population addition in Australia. [5]

Due to the strict immigrant regulation released in 2001, To apply Australian Citizenship as a New Zealander, they will have to apply for permanent residency first. Under the pressure of this strict regulation, the number of immigration from New Zealand decreased a lot in this situation. [6]

2014 Character test and effects

In 2014, The Abbott Australian Government revamped the Migration policy which the cancelation of Visa can be based on Character background. This policy directly made huge impact on the non-citizens who have lived in Australia for decades. From 2014 to 2018, 1600 New Zealanders who lived in Australia was deported by the character test act. In recent years, all previous and present government reinforce the “Character Test” policy. Morrison Government declared that the “Character Test” act could decrease the criminal rate and protect Australian Citizens.[3]

The New Zealand Senior MP considered this movement is the breach for human rights and it will danger the close relationship between Australia and New Zealand.[7]

Within the deported New Zealanders caused by “Character Test”, Approximately or more the 60 per cent of them were Māori and original Pacific Islander.[6]

2017 Skilled independent Visa (Subclass 189)

In July 2017, the "Skilled independent Visa" policy was carried out by Australian Government. In this policy the New Zealand Citizens who have lived in Australia for five years will be able to apply for Australian citizenship. [8]

By end of February 2018, there were 1512 skilled independent Visa have been issued by Australian Government.[8]

2020 COVID-19 pandemic effects on immigrants

The New Zealand citizens live in Australia was remarkably influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. Non-citizenship identity was not able to get payment from Australian Government under this situation. On March 30, 2020, The Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison made an announcement for special category Visa holder, the Visa holder will be qualified to get AU$1500 as a relief fund for those who suffered for hardship.[9]

Languages background

According to the 2016 Census, the English speakers counted as 72.7 per cent, the next common language is Mandarin with accounted for 2.5 per cent of the population.[4]

The dominant language in New Zealand is English, Māori and NZ Sign Language rank second and third in New Zealand.[4]

Culture Background in Oceania area

New Zealand and Australia are multicultural countries, and they are under the familiar culture and history during the free flow between two countries.  According to the data from the 2016 Census, Australia is considered as a multi-religion country. The percentile of Australian domestic born is 67 per cent, England and New Zealand ranked second for the birth population in Australia[4]

New Zealand is one of the youngest countries in the world. In 1969 the European New Zealand was first found by European discovery team, After 1770, The European colony in both Australia and New Zealand. In 1840 New Zealand was divided from New South Wales colony and became an independent country.[10]

In the 1901 Australian Constitution decided to let New Zealand join Australia as a state – the seventh state. New Zealand government reject that move because of the concern about the Māori race feeling.[11]

Notable Immigrates in both Australia and New Zealand
  • Keisha Castle-Hughes, actress - born in 1990 in Donnybrook, Western Australia, move to Auckland in 1994. In 2001 get her New Zealand Citizenship
  • Andrew Durante, footballer - born in Sydney, NSW
  • Russel Norman, politician, former co-leader of the New Zealand Green Party – born in Brisbane, Queensland. Moved to New Zealand in 1997 for the red-green Alliance coalition
  • Matt Robson, politician – born in Brisbane, QLD, used to be chairman of labour's Otara electorate committee in 1981
  • Michael Joseph Savage, 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand - born in Tatong, Victoria, moved to New Zealand in 1907
Michael Joseph Savage Portrait
  • Joseph Ward, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand - born in Melbourne, Victoria, due to hardship in 1863, moved to New Zealand
  • Sonny Bill Williams, professional rugby union player and boxer - mother is half-Australian, born in Auckland, New Zealand
  • Michael David Rann, 44th Premier of South Australia - Born in the United Kingdom, but grew up in New Zealand
  • Pamela Helen Stephenson, Psychologist - Born in New Zealand, grew up in England and New Zealand
  • Russel Ira Crowe, actor – born in New Zealand and live most of his life in Australia, - Part-Māori New Zealand born Australian
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

See also

References
  1. Green, Alison; Power, Mary; Jang, Deannah (2008). Trans‐Tasman Migration: New Zealanders' Explanations for Their Move. New Zealand Geographer. pp. 34–45.
  2. "Subclass 444 Special Category visa (SCV)". immi.homeaffairs.gov.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  3. "Australia, New Zealand and the "corrosive" character test". www.lowyinstitute.org. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  4. Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of (27 June 2017). "Media Release - 2016 Census: Multicultural". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  5. Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of (7 August 2007). "Chapter - Migration: permanent additions to Australia's population". www.abs.gov.au. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  6. O’Regan, Sylvia Varnham (3 July 2018). "Why New Zealand Is Furious About Australia's Deportation Policy (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  7. Don't Call Australia Home!, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 17 July 2018, retrieved 19 November 2020
  8. Karp, Paul (13 April 2018). "Visa pathway for New Zealanders resident in Australia will cut migrant intake". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  9. "Covid-19 coronavirus: New Zealanders living in Australia able to access payments". NZ Herald. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
  10. "Welcome to New Zealand | Official site for Tourism New Zealand". www.newzealand.com. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
  11. "Why New Zealand did not become an Australian state". 26 October 2009. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2020.


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