Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.129, beta-carotene 3,3'-monooxygenase, CrtZ) is an enzyme with systematic name beta-carotene,NADH:oxygen 3-oxidoreductase .[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

beta-carotene + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 zeaxanthin + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O (overall reaction)
(1a) beta-carotene + NADH + H+ + O2 beta-cryptoxanthin + NAD+ + H2O
(1b) beta-cryptoxanthin + NADH + H+ + O2 zeaxanthin + NAD+ + H2O
Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase
Identifiers
EC number1.14.13.129
CAS number133425-64-6
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum

Beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase requires ferredoxin and Fe(II).

References
  1. Sun Z, Gantt E, Cunningham FX (October 1996). "Cloning and functional analysis of the beta-carotene hydroxylase of Arabidopsis thaliana". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (40): 24349–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.40.24349. PMID 8798688.
  2. Fraser PD, Miura Y, Misawa N (March 1997). "In vitro characterization of astaxanthin biosynthetic enzymes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (10): 6128–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6128. PMID 9045623.
  3. Fraser PD, Shimada H, Misawa N (March 1998). "Enzymic confirmation of reactions involved in routes to astaxanthin formation, elucidated using a direct substrate in vitro assay". European Journal of Biochemistry. 252 (2): 229–36. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2520229.x. PMID 9523693.
  4. Bouvier F, Keller Y, d'Harlingue A, Camara B (April 1998). "Xanthophyll biosynthesis: molecular and functional characterization of carotenoid hydroxylases from pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 1391 (3): 320–8. doi:10.1016/s0005-2760(98)00029-0. PMID 9555077.
  5. Linden H (September 1999). "Carotenoid hydroxylase from Haematococcus pluvialis: cDNA sequence, regulation and functional complementation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1446 (3): 203–12. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00088-3. PMID 10524195.
  6. Zhu C, Yamamura S, Nishihara M, Koiwa H, Sandmann G (February 2003). "cDNAs for the synthesis of cyclic carotenoids in petals of Gentiana lutea and their regulation during flower development". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1625 (3): 305–8. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00017-4. PMID 12591618.
  7. Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N (October 2006). "Characterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 72 (6): 1238–46. doi:10.1007/s00253-006-0426-2. PMID 16614859.
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