Bima

Bima (Indonesia: Kota Bima) is a city on the eastern coast of the island of Sumbawa in central Indonesia's province West Nusa Tenggara. It is the largest city on the island of Sumbawa, with a population of 142,443 at the 2010 Census, but the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 173,031. It is separate from (but surrounded on the landward side by) the adjoining Regency of Bima which had a population of 407,636 at the 2010 Census.

For other uses, see Bima (disambiguation).
Bima

Mbojo
City
The street atmosphere in the City of Bima at noon
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Maja Labo Dahu (Bima)
(Be Humble and Piety)
Location within West Nusa Tenggara
Bima
Bima
Bima (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 08°27′36″S 118°43′36″E
Country Indonesia
Province West Nusa Tenggara
RegionLesser Sunda Islands
Government
 • MayorMuhammad Lutfi
 • Vice MayorFery Sofiyan
Area
 • Total222.25 km2 (85.81 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)
 • Total173,031
 • Density780/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+8 (Indonesia Central Time)
Area code(+62) 374
Vehicle registrationEA
Websitebimakota.go.id

The people of Bima and the entire eastern side of Sumbawa speak what is known as Bima language (Indonesia: Bahasa Bima ; Bima: Nggahi Mbojo). From 1620 to 1958 it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate. In modern times, Bima is the largest regional and economic hub of Eastern Sumbawa with transmigrants from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok. It has a central downtown commercial zone. It is home to the Sultan Salahuddin mosque and the Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). It is connected by provincial road to Dompu and Sape.

Administrative Districts

Bima city consists of five districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census,[2] together with the official estimates for mid 2019.[3]

District
(kecamatan)		Area
in km2		Population
2010
Census		Population
mid 2019
estimate
Rasanae Barat
(West Rasanae)		10.1431,12639,530
Mpunda15.2832,49840,630
Rasanae Timur
(East Rasanae)		64.0716,20518,060
Raba63.7334,84542,730
Asakota69.0327,90532,070
Totals222.25142,579173,031

Geography

The city is located on the eastern shore of Bima Bay. Traditionally Bima was a port city that connected to other port cities in Eastern Indonesia such as Makassar and Ternate, as well as to ports in Lombok, Bali, and East Java.

Climate

Bima has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from April to November and heavy rainfall from December to March.

Climate data for Bima
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30.3
(86.5)		 29.8
(85.6)		 30.6
(87.1)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.7
(87.3)		 31.2
(88.2)		 31.6
(88.9)		 30.9
(87.6)		 30.3
(86.5)		 30.6
(87.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1)		 25.4
(77.7)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.9
(78.6)		 25.2
(77.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.4
(75.9)		 25.0
(77.0)		 25.9
(78.6)		 26.2
(79.2)		 25.8
(78.4)		 25.3
(77.6)
Average low °C (°F) 21.0
(69.8)		 21.1
(70.0)		 21.3
(70.3)		 20.9
(69.6)		 20.0
(68.0)		 19.2
(66.6)		 18.1
(64.6)		 18.1
(64.6)		 18.9
(66.0)		 20.2
(68.4)		 21.5
(70.7)		 21.3
(70.3)		 20.1
(68.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 211
(8.3)		 194
(7.6)		 165
(6.5)		 102
(4.0)		 57
(2.2)		 38
(1.5)		 21
(0.8)		 11
(0.4)		 10
(0.4)		 34
(1.3)		 110
(4.3)		 194
(7.6)		 1,147
(44.9)
Source: Climate-Data-org[4]

Demography

Bima, based on data for 2000, had a population of 116,295–57,108 people (49%) male and 59,187 people (51%) female. There is uneven population distribution, with the densest population concentrated in the centers of economic activity and governance. Largest population in Sub Paruga, which amounted to 12,275 people (11%) and least in the village of 1130 souls totaling Kendo (1%). As of the population census of 2010, the population in Bima numbered 142,443 – 69,841 men and 72,602 women. The latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 173,031.

The majority of the populace in Bima are Muslims, who form about 97.38%, and the rest are Protestant 0.89%, Catholic Christians 0.62%, and Hindus and Buddhists around 1.11%.

Transportation

Bima is connected through trans Sumbawa road to Sape harbour in the east and Dompu in Southwest all the way to Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang in the western part of Sumbawa. Bus services connected Bima to other neighboring cities in Sumbawa as far as Mataram in Lombok are available. Air transportation is served through Sultan Salahuddin Airport in southern outskirt of Bima by Merpati Nusantara Airlines and Wings Air to Denpasar and Surabaya. Bima was also a stop on Qantas Airways' pre-war route between Sydney and Singapore, serviced by C Class Empire flying boats.

History

Bima was once one of the four sultanates on the island of Sumbawa. From the 17th to 20th centuries, it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate and is home to an old palace of the city's rulers.

Tourism
Dance can be seen in Sultan Palace as part of the attractions

Bima has several well-known tourist destinations, such as Mount Tambora, Wawo traditional Village, Snake Island, Ana fari Lake (Lake of the angels) and Satonda Island. There are many white sandy beaches both in the northern and southern parts of Bima. The city has modest tourist accommodations, such as 1-star hotels and some restaurants. Its main attractions are the Sultan Salahuddin mosque and Sultan Salahuddin museum (former Bima Sultanate palace). Bima airport serves as the air-hub for domestic and foreign visitors, who are more attracted to visit Hu'u beach for surfing or Tambora volcano for hiking.

Sister cities

References
  1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.
  2. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.
  4. "Climate: Bima". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 17 November 2020.

Further reading
  • Anthony Reid, The rise of Makassar. Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs 17:117-160, 1983.
  • Anthony Reid, Pluralism and progress in seventeenth century Makassar. Paper presented at the Leiden workshop “Trade, society and belief in South Sulawesi”. MS, 1987.
  • A. Ligtvoet, "Transcriptie van de Lontara-Bilang of het Dagboek der Vorsten van Gowa en Tello", Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië, Vierde Volgreeks, Vierde Deel - 1e stuk. Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, The Hague, 1880. pages 1–259.
  • D.F.van Braam Morris, "Nota van toelichting behoorende bij het contract gesloten met het Landschap Bima op den 20sten October 1886". Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde uitgegeven door het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. Deel XXXIV, pp. 176–233. Batavia, 1891.
  • Henri Chambert-Loir. Ceritera Asal Bangsa Jin dan Segala Dewa-Dewa, Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, Bandung, Angkasa, 1985.
  • Henri Chambert-Loir and Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, Bo' Sangaji Kai: Catatan Kerajaan Bima. Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient/Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 1999.
  • Dr S.W.R. Mulyadi and H.Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, SH. Bandar Bima. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan …, 1993.
  • Dr S.W.R. Mulyadi and H.Siti Maryam R. Salahuddin, SH. Katalogus Naskah Melayu Bima. Yayasan Museum Kepudayaan "Samparaja" Bima, 1990.
  • J. Noorduyn, Bima en Sumbawa: Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van de sultanen Bima en Sumbawa door A. Ligtvoet en G.P. Rouffaer. Foris Publications, Dordrecht-Holland, 1987.
  • J. Noorduyn, "Makasar and the Islamization of Bima". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië. Uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, part 143, pp. 312–342.
  • Leonard Y Andaya, The heritage of Arung Palakka. A history of South Sulawesi (Celebes) in the seventeenth century. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981.
  • Michael Hitchcock, Islam and Identity in Eastern Indonesia. University of Hull Press, 1996.
  • Muhammad Adlin Sila, "Momentum Hari Jadi ke 372 Bima: Meempertegas Identitas Islam Dou Labo Dana Mbojo." Wednesday, 11 July 2012 (www.bimakini.com).
  • Muhammad Adlin Sila, "Asi dan BO Mbojo: Refleksi Integritas Dou Labo Dana Mbojo." Tuesday, 17 July 2012 (www.bimakini.com).
  • Muhammad Adlin Sila, "Peranan Kesultanan Bima dalam Sejarah Pendidikan di Bima." Saturday, 12 May 2012 (www.bimakini.com).
  • F. David Bulbeck, "The Politics of Marriage and the Marriage of Polities in Gowa, South Sulawesi, During the 16th and 17th Centuries".In Peter Bellwood, James J. Fox and Darrell Tryon (eds) The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives, pp. 214–228. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1995.
  • M. Hilir Ismail, Peran Kesultanan Bima Dalam Perjalanan Sejarah Nusantara. Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat: Penerbit Lengge, 2004.
  • M. Hilir Ismail, Kebangkitan Islam di Dana Mbojo (Bima) (1540-1950). Bogor, Indonesia: Penerbit CV Binasti, 2008.
  • Abdurrazak daeng Patunru, Sedjarah Goa. Jajasan Kebudajaen Sulawesi Selatan dan Tenggara, Makassar, 1967.
  • Michael Prager. 2010. ABANDONING THE 'GARDEN OF MAGIC' : Islamic modernism and contested spirit assertions in Bima. Indonesia and the Malay World, Volume 38, Issue 110 March 2010, pages 9 – 25.
  • Peter Just. 2000. Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society. Rowman & Littlefield.

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