Bluff Cove air attacks

By 1 June, British forces on the Falkland Islands were bolstered by the arrival of 5,000 new troops of the 5th Infantry Brigade. Major General Jeremy Moore now had sufficient force to start planning a full-scale assault on Port Stanley.

Advance parties of the 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment moved forward and occupied Fitzroy and Bluff Cove, when it was discovered to be clear of Argentine forces. Units of the Welsh Guards and Scots Guards were to be sent in to support them. After the sinking of the transport Atlantic Conveyor there was only one British heavy-lift helicopter available, an RAF CH-47 Chinook, Bravo November.[3] Therefore, supplies and reinforcements would have to be transported by ships of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary,[4] which were manned by civilian sailors.[5]

While unloading on 8 June, the British ships were attacked by two waves of A-4 Skyhawks from the Argentine Air Force's 5th Air Brigade, each of them loaded with three 500 lb retarding tail bombs of Spanish design.[6] The airstrikes had been called in by Argentine commandos of 602 Commando Company after they spotted the ships from their position on Mount Harriet.[7] The fighters departed from Río Gallegos airbase, which at the time was monitored by the British nuclear submarine HMS Splendid.[8] The first package, originally made of eight aircraft, was reduced to five when three Skyhawks returned to base due to refuelling problems.[9] On their way to Bluff Cove, the formation overflew a Scout helicopter from 656 Squadron; the Scout, XR628, was forced to make a hard landing on McPhee Pond. The aircraft was eventually written off.[10][11]

Six Argentine IAI Dagger fighters simultaneously took off from the airbase at Río Grande for a complementary mission, led by a Learjet which provided navigation information. One of the Daggers subsequently returned to base due to refueling issues. The attacking aircraft were preceded by four Mirage III fighters which took off from Río Grande airbase to carry out a decoy mission over the north of the islands in order to draw away the British Sea Harriers and allow the Skyhawks and Daggers to carry out their attacks unmolested, while the Argentine destroyer ARA Santísima Trinidad broadcast interference signals to jam the frequencies used by the Royal Navy's air controllers directing Sea Harrier operations.[12][13] The nuclear submarine HMS Valiant, on picket duty off Río Grande, was able to track the six Dagger fighters that took off from the airbase there, but the report from the submarine failed to reach the British forces at Bluff Cove.[14]

A total of 56 British servicemen were killed, and 150 wounded.[2] The incident marked the greatest loss of life among British forces in a single incident since World War II, and accounted for one-fifth of British fatalities in the entire Falklands War.[24] Sir Galahad was damaged beyond repair and scuttled, but her sister ship survived to be re-built post-war. American author Robert Bolia blames the disaster on the use of large LST ships instead of LCUs and other small vessels.[4]

BBC television cameras recorded images of Royal Navy helicopters hovering in thick smoke to winch survivors from the burning landing ships.[25] These images were seen around the world. However, General Mario Menendez, commander of Argentine forces on the islands, was told that hundreds of men had been killed. He expected a drop in British morale, and their advance to slacken.[26] In fact, the attacks delayed the scheduled British advance on Port Stanley by just two days, and Argentine forces on the Falkland Islands surrendered six days after the incident.[27]

According to Brigadier Julian Thompson;

[5 Brigade] actually hadn't seen the Argentine Air Force work, 'cause for the five days they'd been there, the bad weather had kept the Argentine Air Force away; so they hadn't seen how deadly those guys could be. I can tell you, if I'd have been on board that ship I would have swam ashore rather than stay there[28]

Among the wounded was Simon Weston,[29] who later featured in a BBC documentary showing his treatment for the appalling injuries he received. Weston endured 75 operations in 22 years, after 25% of his skin suffered third degree burns. In a subsequent documentary, filmed in Argentina, he met the pilot who bombed his ship, Carlos Cachón, then retired with the rank of Captain. After a later visit of Cachón and his family to Weston's home in Liverpool, they have become great friends.[30]

Carlos Cachón was born near Balcarce and raised in Mar del Plata, where he currently lives. He is the chief of the security staff in the local offices of the Argentina National Bank. Cachón was awarded the honorific title of "Illustrious Citizen" by the City Council of Mar del Plata on 25 February 2010.[31]

After the war, a memorial for the British soldiers killed in the attack was erected at Fitzroy,[32][33] along with a separate memorial to the ships' crew who lost their lives.