C with bar

The C with bar (majuscule: Ꞓ, minuscule: ꞓ), also known as barred C, is a modified letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from C with the addition of a bar. It was used in the final version of the Unified Northern Alphabet, approved in 1932, for Saami, Selkup, Khanty, Evenki, Even, Nanai, Udege, Chukchi, Koryak and Nivkh languages [1] to denote the sound IPA: [t͡ʃ], although in some of these languages in practice, several other alphabets were used. Also, this letter was used in the Latinized Shugnan alphabet (1931-1939) to denote the sound IPA: [d͡ʒ].[2][3][4]

C with bar
Ꞓ ꞓ
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
TypeAlphabetic
Language of originUnified Northern Alphabet
Phonetic usage[t͡ʃ]
[d͡ʒ]
Unicode codepointU+A792, U+A793
History
Development
  • Ꞓ ꞓ
Other

The United States Federal Geographic Data Committee uses the capital barred C to represent the Cambrian Period in geologic history.[5] In phonetic transcription, the lowercase barred C may denote a voiceless palatal fricative (IPA: [ç]), and in 1963 it was proposed as a symbol for a voiceless flat postalveolar fricative [ɻ̊˔] by William A. Smalley.[6]

Pointed letters in Noah Webster’s 1828 American dictionary of the English language, with the c with bar for the letter 'c' pronounced as k.

In 19th-century American English dictionaries such as those by Noah Webster and William Holmes McGuffey, the letter was used to denote ⟨c⟩ pronounced as /k/.[7]

Computer encoding

Its Unicode codepoints are U+A792 Ꞓ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH BAR and U+A793 ꞓ LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH BAR.

Character information
PreviewꞒꞓ
Unicode nameLATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH BARLATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH BAR
Encodingsdecimalhexdecimalhex
Unicode42898U+A79242899U+A793
UTF-8234 158 146EA 9E 92234 158 147EA 9E 93
Numeric character referenceꞒꞒꞓꞓ

See also

References
  1. Материалы I всероссийской конференции по развитию языков и письменности народов Севера (3000 экз ed.). М.-Л.: Учпедгиз. Я. П. Алькор (Кошкин), И. Д. Давыдов. 1932.
  2. SHUGHNI: Phonology—consonant/vowel inventories; syllable structure
  3. Луқо Инҷӣл = Luqo Inǰīl. ИПБ. 2001. ISBN 5-93943-018-X.
  4. Р. Додихудоева (2005). "Из истории письменности шугнанского языка. Вводные замечания". Языки и этнография «Крыши мира». СПб.: Петербургское Востоковедение. pp. 30–37.
  5. Federal Geographic Data Committee, ed. (August 2006). FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization FGDC-STD-013-2006 (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey for the Federal Geographic Data Committee. p. A-32-1.
  6. Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide. University of Chicago Press. pp. 28–9. ISBN 0-226-68536-5.
  7. Priest, Lorna A.; Iancu, Laurentiu; Everson, Michael (14 October 2010). "Proposal to encode C WITH BAR" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
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