Calgary-Glenmore

Calgary-Glenmore formally styled Calgary Glenmore from 1957 to 1971 is a provincial electoral district in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The district is mandated to return a single member to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.

Calgary-Glenmore
Alberta electoral district
Calgary-Glenmore within the City of Calgary, 2017 boundaries
Provincial electoral district
LegislatureLegislative Assembly of Alberta
MLA
 
 
 
Whitney Issik
United Conservative
District created1957
First contested1959
Last contested2019

The electoral riding of Calgary Glenmore is one of two original Calgary ridings of the seven that still survives from the 1959 redistribution of the Calgary riding. This riding covers the mid-southwest portion of Calgary and contains the neighbourhoods of Bayview, Braeside, Cedarbrae, Chinook Park, Eagle Ridge, Glenmore Park, Kelvin Grove, Lakeview, Palliser, Pump Hill, Oakridge, Woodbine, and Woodlands. The riding is named after the Glenmore Reservoir.

History

The Alberta government decided to return to using the first past the post system of voting from Single Transferable Vote for the 1959 general election. The province redistributed the Calgary and Edmonton super riding's and standardized the voting system across the province.

Calgary-Glenmore was one of the six electoral districts created that year. The others were Calgary Bowness, Calgary Centre, Calgary West, Calgary North, Calgary North East, Calgary South East.[1]

The 2010 boundary redistribution saw Calgary-Glenmore lose the neighborhood of Southwood south of Southland Drive. It gained the neighborhoods of Chinook Park, Kelvin Grove, Kingsland, North Glenmore Park and Lakeview up to Glenmore Trail.

Boundary history

Members of the Legislative Assembly for Calgary-Glenmore[12]
Assembly Years Member Party
See Calgary electoral district from 1921-1959
14th 1959–1963 Ernest Watkins Progressive Conservative
15th 1963–1967 Bill Dickie Liberal
16th 1967–1969
1969–1971 Progressive Conservative
17th 1971–1975
18th 1975–1979 Hugh Planche
19th 1979–1982
20th 1982–1986
21st 1986–1989 Dianne Mirosh
22nd 1989–1993
23rd 1993–1997
24th 1997–2001 Ron Stevens
25th 2001–2004
26th 2004–2008
27th 2008–2009
2009 Vacant
2009–2010 Paul Hinman Wildrose Alliance
2010-2012 Wildrose
28th 2012–2015 Linda Johnson Progressive Conservative
29th 2015–2019 Anam Kazim New Democratic
30th 2019–present Whitney Issik United Conservative

Electoral history

When Calgary Glenmore was created in 1959 it covered most of Southwest Calgary that existed at the time. Voters of the district returned Progressive Conservative candidate Ernest Watkins who was the last representative elected in the old Calgary electoral district in a 1957 by-election. He became the only candidate from his party returned to the Legislature that year and one of four opposition candidates elected as most of the province had chosen Social Credit candidates that year.

Watkins became leader of the Progressive Conservatives shortly after his election. He held the leadership until 1962 when he stepped down. He decided not to run for re-election and retired from the Legislature.

The riding continued its trend of electing opposition candidates by returning Liberal candidate Bill Dickie. Dickie who had served as a Calgary Alderman was just one of two Liberals elected in the 1963 general election. He was re-elected in 1967 and crossed the floor to the Progressive Conservatives on November 23, 1969. He would be the last serving member under the Liberal banner until 1986.

The voters of Glenmore re-elected Dickie as a Progressive Conservative in the 1971 election as that party won its first term in Government under Peter Lougheed. Dickie served as the first member of cabinet for the district with the portfolio of Minister of Mines and Minerals. He retired in 1975 and was replaced by Hugh Planche who won some of the biggest majorities in his three terms representing Calgary-Glenmore. Planche served in cabinet as Minister of Economic Development from 1979 until his retirement in 1986.

The fourth member of the district Dianne Mirosh served in cabinet as Minister of Innovation and Science and later as Minister of Transportation during her time in office from 1986 to 1997. She had some tough electoral battles with Liberal candidate Brendan Dunphy as he almost managed to defeat Mirosh twice.

Ron Stevens became the districts MLA in 1997 serving until 2009. He served a number of cabinet portfolios. His first portfolio was Minister of Gaming starting in 2001. He then moved on to be the Minister of International and Intergovernmental Relations, then Attorney General and finally Deputy Premier. Stevens vacated his seat on May 15, 2009.

On September 14, 2009 the district would provide its first surprise result since the 1960s by electing Wildrose Alliance candidate Paul Hinman in a hotly contested race. Hinman was leader of his party at the time and previously served as the representative for Cardston-Taber-Warner before being defeated in 2008.

In the 2012 Alberta general election Hinman lost his seat to Progressive Conservative Linda Johnson, despite Wildrose making gains elsewhere in the province.

In 2015, Johnson and NDP candidate Anam Kazim won exactly the same number of votes in the initial count. Elections Alberta confirmed in a recount that Kazim defeated Johnson by a razor-thin margin, taking Calgary-Glenmore for the NDP.

Legislature results

1959 general election

1959 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeErnest S. Watkins4,89342.58%
Social CreditA. Ross Lawson4,68140.74%
LiberalReg. Clarkson1,91616.68%
Total 11,490
Rejected, spoiled and declined 46
Eligible electors / Turnout 21,11354.64%
Progressive Conservative pickup new district.
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1959 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1963 general election

1963 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalWilliam Daniel Dickie6,03744.49%27.81%
Social CreditA. Ross Lawson4,26831.45%-9.29%
Progressive ConservativeNed Corrigal2,89121.30%-21.28%
New DemocraticG.A.J. Otjes3742.76%
Total 13,570
Rejected, spoiled and declined 22
Eligible electors / Turnout 25,32753.67%-0.97%
Liberal gain from Progressive Conservative Swing 5.60%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1963 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1967 general election

1967 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalWilliam Daniel Dickie5,74341.20%-3.29%
Social CreditLen Pearson3,84027.55%-3.90%
Progressive ConservativeRonald M. Helmer3,40624.44%3.13%
New DemocraticMax Wolfe9506.82%4.06%
Total 13,939
Rejected, spoiled and declined 60
Eligible electors / Turnout 20,23469.19%15.52%
Liberal hold Swing 0.31%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1967 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1971 general election

1971 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeWilliam Daniel Dickie7,65856.37%31.93%
Social CreditRaymond A. Kingsmith5,12237.70%10.15%
New DemocraticGeorge C. McGuire8065.93%-0.88%
Total 13,586
Rejected, spoiled and declined 178
Eligible electors / Turnout 17,87377.01%7.82%
Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal Swing 2.51%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1971 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1975 general election

1975 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeHugh L. Planche10,64165.92%9.55%
LiberalNicholas William Taylor4,16625.81%
Social CreditRalph Cameron8385.19%-32.51%
New DemocraticBill Peterson4983.08%-2.85%
Total 16,143
Rejected, spoiled and declined 16
Eligible electors / Turnout 25,13364.29%-12.72%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 10.72%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1975 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1979 general election

1979 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeHugh L. Planche8,21255.83%-10.08%
LiberalNicholas William Taylor4,77432.46%6.65%
Social CreditErnie Kaszas1,2808.70%3.51%
New DemocraticNeil Ellison4423.01%-0.08%
Total 14,708
Rejected, spoiled and declined 25
Eligible electors / Turnout 25,01758.89%-5.40%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing -8.37%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1979 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1982 general election

1982 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeHugh L. Planche13,83577.91%22.08%
Western Canada ConceptBrian McClung1,86410.50%
New DemocraticGeorge Yanchula1,5328.63%5.62%
Alberta Reform MovementBarry J. Rust5262.96%
Total 17,757
Rejected, spoiled and declined 64
Eligible electors / Turnout 26,77366.56%7.67%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 22.02%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1982 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1986 general election

1986 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeDianne Mirosh5,71860.37%-17.55%
LiberalLois Cummings2,03321.46%
New DemocraticKelly Hegg1,33714.12%5.49%
IndependentLarry R Heather3844.05%
Total 9,472
Rejected, spoiled and declined 30
Eligible electors / Turnout 20,33346.73%-19.83%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing -14.26%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1986 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1989 general election

1989 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeDianne Mirosh5,18945.48%-14.89%
LiberalBrendan Dunphy4,58740.20%18.74%
New DemocraticBarry Bristman1,19710.49%-3.62%
IndependentGreg Pearson4373.83%
Total 11,410
Rejected, spoiled and declined 23
Eligible electors / Turnout 20,90254.70%7.97%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing -16.81%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1989 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1993 general election

1993 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeDianne Mirosh7,97248.63%3.16%
LiberalBrendan Dunphy7,06443.09%2.89%
New DemocraticNoreen Murphy6033.68%-6.81%
Social CreditStuart van der Lee5453.32%
GreensSol Candel1470.90%
Natural LawJohn Vrskovy610.37%
Total 16,392
Rejected, spoiled and declined 33
Eligible electors / Turnout 23,80669.00%14.30%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 0.13%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1993 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

1997 general election

1997 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeRon Stevens8,24758.14%9.51%
LiberalWayne Stewart4,91934.68%-8.41%
Social CreditVernon Cook5834.11%0.79%
New DemocraticGrace Johner4353.07%-0.61%
Total 14,184
Rejected, spoiled and declined 25255
Eligible electors / Turnout 23,81859.67%-9.32%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 8.96%
Source(s)
Source: "Calgary-Glenmore Official Results 1997 Alberta general election". Alberta Heritage Community Foundation. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

2001 general election

2001 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeRon Stevens9,67867.71%9.56%
LiberalMichael Broadhurst3,70825.94%-8.74%
GreensJames S. Kohut4673.27%
New DemocraticJennifer Stewart4413.09%0.02%
Total 14,294
Rejected, spoiled and declined 37135
Eligible electors / Turnout 23,64460.63%0.96%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 9.15%

2004 general election

2004 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeRon Stevens6,26350.47%-17.24%
LiberalAvalon Roberts4,36435.17%9.22%
Alberta AllianceErnest McCutcheon5714.60%
New DemocraticHolly Heffernan5534.46%1.37%
GreenEvan Sklarski5324.29%1.02%
Social CreditLarry R. Heather1271.02%
Total 12,410
Rejected, spoiled and declined 5089
Eligible electors / Turnout 25,78848.35%-12.28%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing -13.23%

2008 general election

2008 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeRon Stevens6,43650.67%0.21%
LiberalAvalon Roberts4,21333.17%-1.99%
Wildrose AllianceRyan Sadler1,0258.07%2.47%
GreenArden Duncan Bonokoski5504.33%0.04%
New DemocraticHolly Heffernan4773.76%-0.70%
Total 12,701
Rejected, spoiled and declined 36201
Eligible electors / Turnout 27,99745.50%-2.85%
Progressive Conservative hold Swing 1.10%
Source(s)
Source: "12 - Calgary-Glenmore, 2008 Alberta general election". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

2009 by-election

The 2009 by-election was initiated by the resignation of incumbent Ron Stevens on May 15, 2009.[13] Stevens left office to accept a judicial post five days later on May 20, 2009.[14] Premier Stelmach had six months to call the election, but he didn't wait the full-time period instead calling it for September 14, 2009.[15]

The by-election attracted a few high-profile candidates. The only person to announce running for the Progressive Conservative nomination was Calgary Ward 13 Alderman Diane Colley-Urquhart.[14] She was acclaimed as the candidate by the Progressive Conservative party on June 5, 2009.[16]

The nomination for the provincial Liberal party which had previously held the riding and had finished second in every year since 1982 was hotly contested. The first candidate to announce his intention to run for the Alberta Liberal Party nomination was former Ontario NDP MPP George Dadamo. He served in the Bob Rae government from 1990 to 1995. A second candidate for the Liberal party announced on 1 June 2009, Corey Hogan a Liberal party insider. The result of Hogan running caused Dadamo to withdraw.[17] The Liberal nominating convention took place on June 22, 2009 and resulted with 2004 and 2008 Liberal candidate Avalon Roberts winning.

The nominee for the Wildrose Alliance was former Cardston-Taber-Warner MLA and Leader of the party Paul Hinman. Hinman grew up in the community of Haysboro located in the constituency.[18] The Wildrose Alliance nomination convention was held on June 23, 2009 with Hinman receiving the nomination by acclamation.[19]

Candidates rounding out the field were Social Credit leader Len Skowronski who was the first candidate to be nominated and the New Democrats nominated Eric Carpendale. An Independent candidate Antoni Grochowski also filed nomination papers. He had previously run as a Social Credit candidate in Calgary-Buffalo in 2008

The election was a major test for all the political parties. The Liberals under new leader David Swann having taken the reins of the leadership in 2008 were facing their first electoral test. The Progressive Conservatives popularity was tested for the first time after winning their massive majority under Premier Ed Stelmach in the 2008 general election. The Wildrose Alliance would test their viability as a party in being able to attract enough votes in an urban riding to elect a candidate.

On election night the results showed a hotly contested race between Hinman and Roberts with Hinman coming out on top by a margin of nearly 300 votes. The result was a bitter disappointment for David Swann and the Liberals and would eventually lead him to resign as leader of the Liberal party. The Progressive Conservatives finished a distant third for the first time in the riding since 1967 and lost control of the seat they had held since 1969. The bottom three candidates barely registered with voters. The NDP result was the worst ever result in a Calgary riding since the party was formed and the Social Credit vote continued to decline falling below a percent.[20]

Alberta provincial by-election, September 14, 2009
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Wildrose AlliancePaul Hinman4,05236.87%28.80%
LiberalAvalon Roberts3,77434.34%1.17%
Progressive ConservativeDiane Colley-Urquhart2,84725.90%−24.77%
New DemocraticEric Carpendale1481.34%−2.42%
Social CreditLen Skowronski990.90%
IndependentAntoni Grochowski710.65%
Total 10,991
Rejected, spoiled and declined 2951
Eligible electors / turnout 28,16439.15%-6.35%
Wildrose Alliance gain from Progressive Conservative Swing 14.99
Source(s)
Source: Chief Electoral Officer (November 20, 2009). Report on the September 14, 2009 Calgary-Glenmore By-Election. Edmonton: Elections Alberta. ISBN 0981120172. Retrieved October 23, 2020.

2012 general election

2012 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeLinda Johnson9,71047.93%22.03%
WildrosePaul Hinman7,90239.01%2.14%
LiberalDan MacAuley1,4377.09%-27.15%
New DemocraticRick Collier1,2085.96%4.62%
Total 20,257
Rejected, spoiled and declined 1443211
Eligible electors / Turnout 34,59259.01%19.86%
Progressive Conservative gain from Wildrose Swing -4.29%
Source(s)
Source: "13 - Calgary-Glenmore, 2012 Alberta general election". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

2015 general election

The initial result of the 2015 general election was a tie between PC candidate Linda Johnson and NDP candidate Anam Kazim, each with exactly 7,015 votes.[21] On May 15, Anam Kazim was declared the winner after a recount. On May 22, Johnson requested a judicial recount of the results. On June 3, Johnson decided she would not appeal the judicial recount, therefore she conceded and Anam Kazim was announced the winner as the judicial recount found she did indeed win with a razor thin 6 vote margin. With the judge's ruling, 3 additional votes were added each to Johnson and Kazim's vote total, however this did not change the outcome of the race.[22]

2015 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
New DemocraticAnam Kazim7,02133.18%27.22%
Progressive ConservativeLinda Johnson7,01533.16%-14.78%
WildroseChris Kemp-Jackson5,05823.91%-15.10%
LiberalDave Waddington1,3456.36%-0.74%
Alberta PartyTerry Lo7193.40%
Total 21,158
Rejected, spoiled and declined 93329
Eligible electors / Turnout 37,10957.29%-1.72%
New Democratic gain from Progressive Conservative Swing -4.45%
Source(s)
Source: "13 - Calgary-Glenmore, 2015 Alberta general election". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
Results shown following Judicial Recount.

2019 general election

2019 Alberta general election
Party Candidate Votes%±%
United ConservativeWhitney Issik14,56555.64%-1.42%
New DemocraticJordan Stein8,37932.01%-1.18%
Alberta PartyScott Appleby2,2178.47%5.07%
LiberalShirley Ksienski4241.62%-4.74%
GreenAllie Tulick3111.19%
Freedom ConservativeDejan Ristic1590.61%
Alberta IndependenceRafael Krukowski1230.47%
Total 26,178
Rejected, spoiled and declined 86577
Eligible electors / Turnout 36,69171.60%14.31%
United Conservative gain from New Democratic Swing 11.80%
Source(s)
Source: "13 - Calgary-Glenmore, 2019 Alberta general election". officialresults.elections.ab.ca. Elections Alberta. Retrieved May 21, 2020.

Senate nominee results

2004 Senate nominee election district results

2004 Senate nominee election results: Calgary-Glenmore[23] Turnout 48.38%
Affiliation Candidate Votes % Votes % Ballots Rank
Progressive ConservativeBert Brown5,09218.04%52.78%1
Progressive ConservativeJim Silye4,37115.48%45.31%5
Progressive ConservativeBetty Unger3,90613.84%40.49%2
  Independent Link Byfield 2,807 9.94% 29.09% 4
Progressive ConservativeDavid Usherwood2,7839.86%28.85%6
Progressive ConservativeCliff Breitkreuz2,3848.45%24.71%3
  Independent Tom Sindlinger 2,031 7.20% 21.05% 9
Alberta Alliance Vance Gough 1,711 6.06% 17.73% 8
Alberta Alliance Michael Roth 1,643 5.82% 17.03% 7
Alberta Alliance Gary Horan 1,502 5.31% 15.57% 10
Total Votes 28,230 100%
Total Ballots 9,648 2.93 Votes Per Ballot
Rejected, Spoiled and Declined 2,829
25,788 Eligible Electors

Voters had the option of selecting 4 Candidates on the Ballot

Student Vote results

2004 election

Participating Schools[24]
Bishop Grandin High School
Harold Panabaker Jr. High School
Henry Wise Wood Senior High School
John Ware Junior High

On November 19, 2004 a Student Vote was conducted at participating Alberta schools to parallel the 2004 Alberta general election results. The vote was designed to educate students and simulate the electoral process for persons who have not yet reached the legal majority. The vote was conducted in 80 of the 83 provincial electoral districts with students voting for actual election candidates. Schools with a large student body that reside in another electoral district had the option to vote for candidates outside of the electoral district then where they were physically located.

2004 Alberta Student Vote results[25]
Affiliation Candidate Votes %
Progressive ConservativeRon Stevens30631.55%
  Liberal Avalon Roberts 240 24.74%
Green Evan Sklarski 178 18.35%
New DemocraticHolly Heffernan17417.94%
Alberta AllianceErnest McCutcheon464.74%
Social CreditLarry Heather262.68%
Total 970 100%
Rejected, Spoiled and Declined 17

2012 election

2012 Alberta Student Vote results
Affiliation Candidate Votes %
Progressive ConservativeLinda Johnson%
WildrosePaul Hinman
  Liberal Dan MacAulay %
  NDP Richard Collier %
Total 100%

References

  1. "41". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1957. p. 186.
  2. "44". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1959. p. 158.
  3. "43". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1961. p. 225.
  4. "39". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1962. pp. 127–128.
  5. "47". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1966. pp. 273–274.
  6. "34". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1970. p. 196.
  7. "28". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1977. p. 232.
  8. "E-4.05". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1983. pp. 52–53.
  9. "24". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1985. p. 434.
  10. "E‑4". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 1996.
  11. "E‑4.1". Statutes of the Province of Alberta. Government of Alberta. 2003.
  12. "Members of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta 1905-2006" (PDF). Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  13. "Ron Stevens resigns from MLA, cabinet post". CBC News. May 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 18, 2009.
  14. "Former deputy premier appointed judge; alderman to run for his seat". CBC News. May 20, 2009.
  15. "Calgary Glenmore byelection to be held Sept. 14". CBC News. Archived from the original on August 21, 2009.
  16. Jason Fekete (June 5, 2009). "Calgary alderman acclaimed Tory MLA candidate". Calgary Herald.
  17. Jason Markusoff (June 1, 2009). "Hogan in the wrestlemania for Glenmore". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 2009-06-08. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
  18. Lindsey Wallis (May 21, 2009). "Race heats up for Calgary-Glenmore". Fast Forward Weekly.
  19. "Calgary-Glenmore nomination". Wildrose Alliance. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
  20. "Wildrose Alliance wins Calgary-Glenmore byelection". CBC News. September 14, 2009.
  21. "Alberta election: 5 election night surprises". CBC News. May 6, 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  22. Wood, James (June 4, 2015). "Calgary-Glenmore will go NDP as Tory Linda Johnson won't appeal judicial recount". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  23. "Senate Nominee Election 2004 Tabulation of Official Results" (PDF). Elections Alberta. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 4, 2009. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
  24. "School by School results". Student Vote Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
  25. "Riding by Riding Results - the Candidates". Student Vote Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
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