Glenmore Reservoir

The Glenmore Reservoir is a large reservoir on the Elbow River in the southwest quadrant of Calgary, Alberta. The Glenmore Dam is the a concrete gravity dam on the Elbow River built to control the reservoir. The Glenmore Reservoir is a primary source of drinking water to the City of Calgary. Built in 1932, with a cost of $3.8 million, the dam controls the downstream flow of the Elbow River, thus allowing the city to develop property near the river's banks with less risk of flooding.[2]

Glenmore Reservoir
Glenmore Reservoir
LocationCalgary, Alberta
Coordinates50°59′21″N 114°06′49″W
Lake typereservoir
Primary inflowsElbow River
Primary outflowsElbow River
Catchment area1,210 km2 (470 sq mi)[1]
Basin countriesCanada
Max. length4.1 km (2.5 mi)
Max. width0.9 km (0.56 mi)
Surface area3.84 km2 (1.48 sq mi)[1]
Average depth6.1 m (20 ft)[1]
Max. depth21.1 m (69 ft)
Surface elevation1,080 m (3,540 ft)

The reservoir has a water mirror of 3.84 km2 (1.48 sq mi) and a drainage basin of 1,210 km2 (470 sq mi).[1]

In 2014, the City of Calgary announced plans to rehabilitate and upgrade the Glenmore Dam at a cost of $81 million.[3][4]

History
Downtown Calgary seen from Glenmore Reservoir.

The Glenmore Reservoir is located on land originally settled by Calgary pioneer Sam Livingston, who gave the area the name Glenmore (Gaelic for "big valley").

The City of Calgary began contemplating the need for a new source of drinking water in the early 1900s. City Alderman John Goodwin Watson proposed a gravity water supply fed from the Elbow River in April 1907.[5] The issue of water scarcity and runoff continued to compound in the 1920s with the Calgary Herald reporting the muddy conditions of the Elbow and Bow River in April 1926. The City retained Canadian architecture firm Gore, Naismith and Storrie to study the inadequate and frequently contaminated water supply in July 1929, with the firm recommending 12 remediation options including the Glenmore Dam and Reservoir.[6][7]

The City of Calgary would eventually receive approval for a dam and reservoir from the Government of Canada under the Irrigation Act in the late 1920s. The final step was approval from the electorate, which came in the form of a plebiscite during the 1929 Calgary municipal election. The electors of Calgary approved a bylaw to borrow $2.77-million for the project and other waterworks improvements.[8]

With the necessary federal approval and financing in place, the City began purchasing land in the area necessary to complete the project. This including 539.5 acres from the Tsuu T'ina Nation (formerly the Sarcee Indian Reservation). The final price paid was $50 per acre, totaling $29,675. The purchase was negotiated by lawyer Leonard Brockington on behalf of the City. Brockton was known by the Tsuu T'ina Nation, and had previously been given the name "Chief Yellow Coming Over the Hill", and as a condition of the sale, Brockton was bestowed the name "Chief Weasel Head" after the traditional name of the area to ensure the name would continue to live on.[9] The City had independently valued the Tsuu T'ina land at $32,642.50, a difference of $2596.50 over the final price. Other land owners in the area were paid between $111 and $400 per acre for the project.[10]

Mayor Andrew Davison turned the first sod in a ceremony on July 26, 1930 to inaugurate the largest infrastructure project undertaken by the City to date. First concrete was poured on October 13, 1930 and in fall of 1931, McDiarmid began construction of the water purification plant.[7]

The expensive land purchases and growing cost of the project led to a judicial inquiry headed by Supreme Court of Alberta Justice Albert Ewing in 1932. The inquiry investigated all aspects of the project's financing including land acquisitions, awarding of contracts, labour practices and management. The final report by Justice Ewing found no evidence of wrongdoing.[7]

The Dam was completed and became operational on January 19, 1933, which happened without without an official ceremony. A public open house was held one week afterwards which was attended by thousands of Calgarians.[7]

When the area flooded (by the summer of 1933), part of the Livingston house was preserved and now stands in Heritage Park, which borders on the reservoir.

The design estimated capacity for servicing a population of 200,000, however by 1949 the system was reported as "under near-constant strain" with a population of 105,000 Calgarians. The City completed a $1.5-million filtration extension in 1957 which doubled the water capacity.[7] Additional capacity was added again in 1965 with eight filter beds and a high lift pumping station. Administration and a research laboratory were completed in 1979.[7] The City subsequently constructed the Bearspaw Treatment plant in 1972 on the Bow River to supplement the City's water supply.[7]

2005 flood

Although the dam usually provides effective flood protection, a major flood in June 2005 caused the reservoir to exceed its capacity. The excess spilled over the dam and into the river. The flow downstream increased from its normal average of 20-30 cubic metres per second up to 350 cubic metres per second. As a result, some roads were closed and 2,000 Calgarians who lived downstream were evacuated.[11] The Glenmore water treatment plant had difficulty treating the heavily silted water, which caused the municipal government to issue water restrictions. Environment Canada noted the 2005 Alberta floods were a 200-year flood occurrence.[12]

2013 flood

In June 2013, heavy rainfall west of the city caused the reservoir to exceed its capacity. As it did in 2005, excess water spilled over the dam and into the Elbow river with downstream flows up to 544 cubic metres per second. 75,000 people[13] from 26 neighbourhoods in the vicinity of the Bow and Elbow rivers were placed under a mandatory evacuation order as the rivers spilled over their banks and flooded neighbourhoods. City officials urged Calgarians, particularly the 350,000 people who work downtown, to stay home and limit non-essential travel. Unlike the 2005 flood, the Glenmore water treatment facility had no difficulty treating water. City officials did, however, implement municipal outdoor watering restrictions to ensure water quality remained high throughout the incident. Government officials called the flooding the worst in Alberta's history. This flood prompted a local Erlton resident to propose the Heritage Drive Tunnel Spillway as a way to divert 500 cubic metres per second of water around the downtown core and into the lower Bow River.[14]

Location of Glenmore Reservoir in Calgary

Features

The Glenmore Dam is a gravity dam which uses the downward force (weight) of the structure to resist the horizontal pressure of the water within the dam. These massive dams resist the thrust of water entirely by their own weight.

The Glenmore Water Treatment Plant, constructed in three phases in 1933, 1957 and 1965, is a conventional treatment plant that gets its water from the Elbow river. The Glenmore plant supplies drinking water to south Calgary.

Flood control

The reservoir is maintained at a level that, depending on the flow rate of the Elbow river, minimizes the risk of flooding around the reservoir and downstream of the dam to the greatest degree possible. During periods when the rate flow of the Elbow River reaches dangerous levels, water may be released from the dam to prevent overflow.[15]

Recreation

The City of Calgary offers sailing lessons and boat rentals on the reservoir. The reservoir is home of the Glenmore Sailing Club, the Calgary Rowing Club and the Calgary Canoe Club for both social and organized sporting events in Calgary. From May 1 to October 31 the reservoir is open for fishing, sailing, rowing and canoeing. Swimming in the reservoir is not permitted.

Glenmore Reservoir, Calgary, Alberta on March 25, 2016.

There are popular pathways and bikeways looping around the perimeter of Glenmore Reservoir that are open all year.

Bylaws

The Glenmore Reservoir and Dam were constructed to provide Calgarians a safe and sufficient supply of drinking water with bylaws put in place to maintain the quality of the water. Under the Water Utility Bylaw, no person shall:

  • enter or remain in or upon the water or the ice of the Glenmore Reservoir;
  • place any object or thing in the water or upon the ice of the Glenmore Reservoir or any stream flowing into the Glenmore Reservoir;
  • do anything or place or throw anything which may pollute or contaminate the water of the Glenmore Reservoir;
  • allow any drain to be connected to any structure or device which drains into the Glenmore Reservoir.[16]

Dogs on the reservoir

Under Calgary's Responsible Pet Ownership Bylaw, the owner of any animal must ensure that their animal does not enter or remain in the water or upon the ice of the Glenmore Reservoir at any time.

Glenmore Reservoir regulations are found in section 23 of the Water Utility Bylaw and in section 16 of the Responsible Pet Ownership Bylaw.

References
  1. University of Alberta. "Atlas of Alberta Lakes: Glenmore Reservoir". Retrieved 2020-11-06.
  2. Sanders, Harry Max (2000). Watermarks: one hundred years of Calgary Waterworks. Calgary: City of Calgary. OCLC 65604061.
  3. "Glenmore Dam to get $82M in upgrades from City of Calgary". CBC News. September 25, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  4. Markusoff, Jason (September 16, 2014). "City to request $10M for Glenmore Dam upgrades". Calgary Herald. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  5. Gilpin, John (January 3, 2007). "New book traces the history of Calgary on the Elbow". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  6. "Glenmore Water Treatment Plant". Alberta Register of Historic Place. Government of Alberta. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  7. Bobrovitz, Jennifer (1999). "Glenmore Dam, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Folded)". Calgary Public Library. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  8. City of Calgary (1942). Calgary Municipal Manual. Calgary: City of Calgary. p. 90. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  9. Salus, Jesse (May 13, 2019). "Finding Weaselhead". The History of a Road. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  10. Salus, Jesse (July 7, 2013). "The Glenmore Land Claims". The History of a Road. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  11. "Floods force Calgary to declare state of emergency". The Globe and Mail. Calgary. June 19, 2005. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  12. "Top ten weather stories for 2005: story one: 1. Alberta's Flood of Floods". ec.gc.ca. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  13. MacIntosh, Cameron (June 23, 2013). "Cameron MacIntosh reflects on the Calgary flood: Reporter's notebook: June is always a dangerous time in the Prairies". CBC News. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  14. "Province says flooding is worst in Alberta history; 25 states of local emergency in place". Edmonton Journal. June 23, 2013. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  15. All trivia points first appeared on the Idaho Public TV show Waterworks and were copied from the June 8, 2005 Calgary Herald
  16. "Bylaws related to the Glenmore Reservoir". City of Calgary. January 28, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
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