Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants including one living genus[2] commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. It is the only extant family in the order Ceratophyllales.[3] Species are commonly called coontails or hornworts, although hornwort is also used for unrelated plants of the division Anthocerotophyta.

Ceratophyllaceae
Temporal range: Albian? - Recent
Ceratophyllum submersum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Order: Ceratophyllales
Link[1]
Family: Ceratophyllaceae
Gray
Genera

Living Ceratophyllum grows completely submerged, usually, though not always, floating on the surface, and does not tolerate drought.

Taxonomy

Ceratophyllaceae was considered a relative of Nymphaeaceae and included in Nymphaeales in the Cronquist system, but research has shown that it is not closely related to Nymphaeaceae or any other extant plant family. Some early molecular phylogenies suggested it was the sister group to all other angiosperms, but more recent research suggests that it is the sister group to the eudicots. The APG III system placed the family in its own order, the Ceratophyllales.[1][4][5] The APG IV system accepts the phylogeny shown below:[3]

angiosperms
 

Amborellales

 
 
 

Nymphaeales

 
 
 

Austrobaileyales

 
 
 

magnoliids

 
 

Chloranthales

 
 
 

monocots

 
 
 

Ceratophyllales

 
 

eudicots

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Genera

The family contains one living genus, and several extinct genera described from the fossil record.

References
  1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
  2. Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  3. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. Angiosperm Phylogeny Web: Ceratophyllales
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