Chanchala
Chanchala is a Sanskrit adjective basically referring to the unsteady vacillating nature of human mind and actions which need to be stilled, neutralized or controlled for gaining right speech and vision.
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Meaning
Chanchala (Sanskrit: चञ्चल) means - 'inconsiderate', 'nimble', 'shaking', 'inconstant', 'moveable', 'flickering', 'moving', 'unsteady', 'fortune', 'wind', 'long pepper',[1]
In literature
Chanchala is the good word for 'vacillation' in Sanskrit language; in [[Sanskrit literature Sanskrit|poetry]] the girl with the dancing eyes is called chanchalakshi, which is considered to be rare attribute.[2] However, as part of the literary evidence of Kusana period, the word Chanchala, like Dhavani and Rodini, indicates the nature or action of Mother goddess.[3] In the Bhagavad Gita(Sloka VI.26):
- यतो यतो निश्चरति मनश्चञ्चलमस्थिरम् |
- ततस्ततो नियम्यैतदात्मन्येव वंश नयेत् ||
the word Chanchala used in the first line refers to the restless and the unsteady mind that wanders away.[4]
Dasam Granth, which like the Guru Granth Sahib is an important book of Sikhism, it is not composed in ragas (its first composition dates 1684 A.D.) tells us that Chanchala is the name a chhand or metre of sixteen syllables having ragan, jagan, ragan, jagan and laghu consecutively in each quarter, this metre is also known as Chitra, Biraj and Brahmrupak, and has been used twice in Choubis Autar.[5]
In theology
Chanchala, meaning, 'the fickle-fortune', is one of the many names of Lakshmi.[6] There is no mention of Lakshmi in the Rig Veda. Sri of the Rig Veda is deified as a personified being in the Yajurveda, and in the Atharvaveda (I.18) she is prayed to secure prosperity. Jatavedas Agni is repeatedly asked to make the goddess come to the votary; the epithet anapagamini reflects the chanchala i.e. fleet or fickle aspect of the goddess.[7] Lakshmi or Chanchala as the mobile one associates only with the rich and the dynamic, no matter what their caste, creed or colour.[8] Because Lakshmi is chanchala i.e. quick on her feet, to make her achala i.e. 'immobile', she needs to be worshipped quietly so that she does not get distracted.[9]
In yoga
In Yoga, vritti indicates the contents of mental awareness that are disturbances in the medium of consciousness.[10] The vrittis of the gunas are ever-active and swift, the gunas serve as parts of buddhi, their habitual conduct is fickle, restless, tremulous (chanchala) activity,[11] which activity can be controlled through Abhyasa, Vairagya and Ishvarapranidhana.[12] Sri Narada Pancharatnam (Sloka VIII.15) tells us that Chanchala is the nadi which along with Medhya resides in the Visuddha Chakra on the throat.[13]
References
- "Sanskrit Dictionary". Spokensanskrit.de.
- Eknath Easwaran. A More Ardent Fire. Nilgiri Press. p. 176.
- Shiv Kumar Tiwari. Tribal Roots of Hinduism. Sarup&Sons. p. 138.
- Chinmayananda. The Holy Geeta. Chinmaya Mission. p. 446.
- S.S.Kapoor. Dasam Granth. Hemkunt Press. p. 24.
- Encyclopaedia of Hinduism Vol.3. Sarup&Sons. p. 788.
- Prithvi Kumar Agrawal. Goddesses in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. pp. 92–97.
- Mrinala Pande. Devi: Tales of the Goddess of Our Time. Penguin Books. p. 84.
- New Age Purohit Darpan: Lakshmi Puja. Associatian of Grandparents of Indian Migrants. p. 9.
- I.K.Taimni. The Science of Yoga. Theosophical Publishing House.
- Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 227.
- S.P.Chaube. Foundations of Education E2. -Vikas Publishing House. p. 161.
- Baman Das Basu. Sri Narada Pancharatnam. p. 115.