Chuck Jones

Charles Martin Jones (September 21, 1912 – February 22, 2002) was an American animated filmmaker and cartoonist, best known for his work with Warner Bros. Cartoons on the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts. He wrote, produced, and/or directed many classic animated cartoon shorts starring Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, Pepé Le Pew, Porky Pig, Michigan J. Frog, the Three Bears, and a few of other Warner characters.

Chuck Jones
Jones in 1978
Born
Charles Martin Jones

(1912-09-21)September 21, 1912
DiedFebruary 22, 2002(2002-02-22) (aged 89)
Other namesCharles M. Jones
The Father of Contemporary Animation
M. Charl Jones
Alma materChouinard Art Institute
OccupationAnimated filmmaker and cartoonist
Years active1931–2000[1]
EmployerUb Iwerks Studio (1931–1933)
Warner Bros. Cartoons (1933–1962)
Walt Disney Animation Studios (1953)
Sib Tower 12 Productions (1962–1970)
Spouse(s)
Dorothy Webster
(m. 1935; died 1978)

Marian Dern
(m. 1981)
Children1
Websitechuckjones.com

After his career at Warner Bros. ended in 1962, Jones started Sib Tower 12 Productions, and began producing cartoons for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, including a new series of Tom and Jerry shorts and the television adaptation of Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. He later started his own studio, Chuck Jones Enterprises, which created several one-shot specials, and periodically worked on Looney Tunes related works.

Jones was nominated for eight Academy Awards, winning three times. He won for the cartoons For Scent-imental Reasons, So Much for So Little, and The Dot and the Line. Robin Williams presented Jones with an Honorary Academy Award in 1996 for his iconic work in the animation industry. Film historian Leonard Maltin has praised Jones' work at Warner Bros., MGM and Chuck Jones Enterprises. He also said that the "feud" that there may have been between Jones and colleague Bob Clampett was mainly because they were so different from each other. In Jerry Beck's The 50 Greatest Cartoons, ten of the entries were directed by Jones, with four out of the five top cartoons (including first place) being Jones shorts.

Early life

Jones was born on September 21, 1912, in Spokane, Washington, the son of Mabel McQuiddy (née Martin) and Charles Adams Jones.[2] He later moved with his parents and three siblings to the Los Angeles, California, area.[3]

In his autobiography, Chuck Amuck, Jones credits his artistic bent to circumstances surrounding his father, who was an unsuccessful businessman in California in the 1920s. His father, Jones recounts, would start every new business venture by purchasing new stationery and new pencils with the company name on them. When the business failed, his father would quietly turn the huge stacks of useless stationery and pencils over to his children, requiring them to use up all the material as fast as possible. Armed with an endless supply of high-quality paper and pencils, the children drew constantly. Later, in one art school class, the professor gravely informed the students that they each had 100,000 bad drawings in them that they must first get past before they could possibly draw anything worthwhile. Jones recounted years later that this pronouncement came as a great relief to him, as he was well past the 200,000 mark, having used up all that stationery. Jones and several of his siblings went on to artistic careers.[4][5]

During his artistic education, he worked part-time as a janitor. After graduating from Chouinard Art Institute, Jones got a phone call from a friend named Fred Kopietz, who had been hired by the Ub Iwerks studio and offered him a job. He worked his way up in the animation industry, starting as a cel washer; "then I moved up to become a painter in black and white, some color. Then I went on to take animator's drawings and traced them onto the celluloid. Then I became what they call an in-betweener, which is the guy that does the drawing between the drawings the animator makes".[6] While at Iwerks, he met a cel painter named Dorothy Webster, who later became his first wife.[7]

Warner Bros.

Jones joined Leon Schlesinger Productions, the independent studio that produced Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies for Warner Bros., in 1933 as an assistant animator. In 1935, he was promoted to animator and assigned to work with a new Schlesinger director, Tex Avery. There was no room for the new Avery unit in Schlesinger's small studio, so Avery, Jones, and fellow animators Bob Clampett, Virgil Ross, and Sid Sutherland were moved into a small adjacent building they dubbed "Termite Terrace". When Clampett was promoted to director in 1937, Jones was assigned to his unit; the Clampett unit was briefly assigned to work with Jones' old employer, Ub Iwerks when Iwerks subcontracted four cartoons to Schlesinger in 1937. Jones became a director (or "supervisor", the original title for an animation director in the studio) himself in 1938 when Frank Tashlin left the studio. The following year Jones created his first major character, Sniffles, a cute Disney-style mouse, who went on to star in twelve Warner Bros. cartoons.[8]

He was actively involved in efforts to unionize the staff of Leon Schlesinger Studios. He was responsible for recruiting animators, layout men, and background people. Almost all animators joined, in reaction to salary cuts imposed by Leon Schlesinger. The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio had already signed a union contract, encouraging their counterparts under Schlesinger.[9] In a meeting with his staff, Schlesinger talked for a few minutes, then turned over the meeting to his attorney. His insulting manner had a unifying effect on the staff. Jones gave a pep talk at the union headquarters. As negotiations broke down, the staff decided to go on strike. Schlesinger locked them out of the studio for a few days, before agreeing to sign the contract.[9] A Labor-Management Committee was formed and Jones served as a moderator. Because of his role as a supervisor in the studio, he could not himself join the union.[9] Jones created many of his lesser-known characters during this period, including Charlie Dog, Hubie and Bertie, and The Three Bears.

During World War II, Jones worked closely with Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, to create the Private Snafu series of Army educational cartoons (the character was created by director Frank Capra). Jones later collaborated with Seuss on animated adaptations of Seuss' books, including How the Grinch Stole Christmas! in 1966. Jones directed such shorts as The Weakly Reporter, a 1944 short that related to shortages and rationing on the home front. During the same year, he directed Hell-Bent for Election, a campaign film for Franklin D. Roosevelt.[10]

Jones created characters through the late 1930s, late 1940s and the 1950s, which include his collaborative help in co-creating Bugs Bunny and also included creating Claude Cat, Marc Antony and Pussyfoot, Charlie Dog, Michigan J. Frog, Gossamer, and his four most popular creations, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner. Jones and writer Michael Maltese collaborated on the Road Runner cartoons, Duck Amuck, One Froggy Evening, and What's Opera, Doc?. Other staff at Unit A that Jones collaborated with include layout artist, background designer, co-director Maurice Noble; animator and co-director Abe Levitow; and animators Ken Harris and Ben Washam.

Jones remained at Warner Bros. throughout the 1950s, except for a brief period in 1953 when Warner closed the animation studio. During this interim, Jones found employment at Walt Disney Productions, where he teamed with Ward Kimball for a four-month period of uncredited work on Sleeping Beauty (1959). Upon the reopening of the Warner animation department, Jones was rehired and reunited with most of his unit.

In the early 1960s, Jones and his wife Dorothy wrote the screenplay for the animated feature Gay Purr-ee. The finished film featured the voices of Judy Garland, Robert Goulet and Red Buttons as cats in Paris, France. The feature was produced by UPA and directed by his former Warner Bros. collaborator, Abe Levitow.

Jones moonlighted to work on the film since he had an exclusive contract with Warner Bros. UPA completed the film and made it available for distribution in 1962; it was picked up by Warner Bros. When Warner Bros. discovered that Jones had violated his exclusive contract with them, they terminated him.[11] Jones' former animation unit was laid off after completing the final cartoon in their pipeline, The Iceman Ducketh, and the rest of the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio was closed in early 1963.[11]

MGM Animation/Visual Arts

With business partner Les Goldman, Jones started an independent animation studio, Sib Tower 12 Productions, and brought on most of his unit from Warner Bros., including Maurice Noble and Michael Maltese. In 1963, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contracted with Sib Tower 12 to have Jones and his staff produce new Tom and Jerry cartoons as well as a television adaptation of all Tom and Jerry theatricals produced to that date. This included major editing, including writing out the African-American maid, Mammy Two-Shoes, and replacing her with one of Irish descent voiced by June Foray. In 1964, Sib Tower 12 was absorbed by MGM and was renamed MGM Animation/Visual Arts. His animated short film, The Dot and the Line: A Romance in Lower Mathematics, won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. Jones directed the classic animated short The Bear That Wasn't.[10]

As the Tom and Jerry series wound down (it was discontinued in 1967), Jones produced more for television. In 1966, he produced and directed the TV special How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, featuring the voice and facial models based on the readings by Boris Karloff.[12]

Jones continued to work on other TV specials such as Horton Hears a Who! (1970), but his main focus during this time was producing the feature film The Phantom Tollbooth, which did lukewarm business when MGM released it in 1970. Jones co-directed 1969's The Pogo Special Birthday Special, based on the Walt Kelly comic strip, and voiced the characters of Porky Pine and Bun Rab. It was at this point that he decided to start ST Incorporated.[10]

Chuck Jones Enterprises

MGM closed the animation division in 1970, and Jones once again started his own studio, Chuck Jones Enterprises. He produced a Saturday morning children's TV series for the American Broadcasting Company called The Curiosity Shop in 1971. In 1973, he produced an animated version of the George Selden book The Cricket in Times Square and subsequently produced two sequels.[10]

Three of his works during this period were animated TV adaptations of short stories from Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli's Brothers, The White Seal and Rikki-Tikki-Tavi. During this period, Jones began to experiment with more realistically designed characters, most of which having larger eyes, leaner bodies, and altered proportions, such as those of the Looney Tunes characters.

Jones in 1976

Return to Warner Bros.

Jones resumed working with Warner Bros. in 1976 with the animated TV adaptation of The Carnival of the Animals with Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck. Jones also produced The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie (1979) which was a compilation of Jones' best theatrical shorts; Jones produced new Road Runner shorts for The Electric Company series and Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales (1979). New shorts were made for Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over (1980).[10]

From 1977 to 1978, Jones wrote and drew the newspaper comic strip Crawford (also known as Crawford & Morgan) for the Chicago Tribune-NY News Syndicate. In 2011 IDW Publishing collected Jones' strip as part of their Library of American Comic Strips.[13]

In 1978, Jones' wife Dorothy died; three years later, he married Marian Dern, the writer of the comic strip Rick O'Shay.[13]

Controversy

Jones–Avery letter

On December 11, 1975,[14] shortly after the release of Bugs Bunny: Superstar, which prominently featured Bob Clampett, Jones wrote a letter to Tex Avery, accusing Clampett of taking credit for ideas that were not his, and for characters created by other directors (notably Jones' Sniffles and Friz Freleng's Yosemite Sam). Their correspondence was never published in the media. It was forwarded to Michael Barrier, who conducted the interview with Clampett and was distributed by Jones to multiple people concerned with animation over the years.

Robert McKimson claimed in an interview that many animators (but mostly Clampett) contributed to the crazy personality of Bugs, while others like Chuck Jones concentrated more on the more calmed-down gags. As far as plagiarism is concerned, McKimson claimed the animators always looked at each other's sheets to see if they could borrow some punchlines and cracks.[15]

Later years

Through the 1980s and 1990s, Jones was painting cartoon and parody art, sold through animation galleries by his daughter's company, Linda Jones Enterprises.[3] Jones was the creative consultant and character designer for two Raggedy Ann animated specials and the first Alvin and the Chipmunks Christmas special A Chipmunk Christmas. He made a cameo appearance in the film Gremlins (1984)[16] and he wrote and directed the Bugs Bunny/Daffy Duck animated sequences that bookend its sequel Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990).[17] Jones directed animated sequences for various features such as a lengthy sequence in the film Stay Tuned (1992)[18] and a shorter one seen at the start of the Robin Williams vehicle Mrs. Doubtfire (1993).[19] Also during the 1980s and 1990s, Jones served on the advisory board of the National Student Film Institute.[20][21]

Jones' final Looney Tunes cartoon was From Hare to Eternity (1997), which starred Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam, with Greg Burson voicing Bugs. The cartoon was dedicated to Friz Freleng, who had died in 1995. Jones' final animation project was a series of 13 shorts starring a timber wolf character he had designed in the 1960s named Thomas Timber Wolf. The series was released online by Warner Bros. in 2000.[22] From 2001 until 2004, Cartoon Network aired The Chuck Jones Show which features shorts directed by him. The show won the Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Special Project.[23]

In 1997, Jones was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal.[24]

In 1999, he founded the non-profit Chuck Jones Center for Creativity, in Costa Mesa, California, an art education "gymnasium for the brain" dedicated to teaching creative skills, primarily to children and seniors, which is still in operation.[25]

In his later years, he recovered from skin cancer and had received hip and ankle replacements.[26]

Death

Jones died of heart failure on February 22, 2002, at the age of 89. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea.[3] After his death, the Looney Tunes cartoon Daffy Duck for President, based on the book that Jones had written and using Jones' style for the characters, originally scheduled to be released in 2000,[27] was released in 2004 as part of disc three of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2 DVD set.

Legacy

Academy Awards

Year Award Work Result Ref.
1961Best Animated Short FilmBeep PreparedNominated[28]
Nelly's FollyNominated
1965The Dot and the LineWon
1995Honorary Academy AwardLifetime achievementWon

Jones received an Honorary Academy Award in 1996 by the board of governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, for "the creation of classic cartoons and cartoon characters whose animated lives have brought joy to our real ones for more than half a century." At that year's awards show, Robin Williams, a self-confessed "Jones-aholic," presented the honorary award to Jones, calling him "The Orson Welles of cartoons.", and the audience gave Jones a standing ovation as he walked onto the stage. For himself, a flattered Jones wryly remarked in his acceptance speech, "Well, what can I say in the face of such humiliating evidence? I stand guilty before the world of directing over three hundred cartoons in the last fifty or sixty years. Hopefully, this means you've forgiven me."[29] He received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the World Festival of Animated Film – Animafest Zagreb in 1988.[30]

Honors

Jones was a historical authority as well as a major contributor to the development of animation throughout the 20th century. In 1990, Jones received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[31] He received an honorary degree from Oglethorpe University in 1993.[32] For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Jones has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7011 Hollywood Blvd.[33] He was awarded the Inkpot Award in 1974.[34]

Art exhibit

Jones' life and legacy were celebrated on January 12, 2012, with the official grand opening of The Chuck Jones Experience at Circus Circus Las Vegas. Many of Jones' family welcomed celebrities, animation aficionados and visitors to the new attraction when they opened the attraction in an appropriate and unconventional way. Among those in attendance were Jones' widow, Marian Jones; daughter Linda Clough; and grandchildren Craig, Todd and Valerie Kausen.[35]

Publications

  • Chuck Jones; Steven Spielberg (February 19, 1990). Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist. Simon & Schuster Ltd. ISBN 978-0671710248.
  • Jones, Chuck (1996). Chuck Reducks: Drawing from the Fun Side of Life. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-51893-X.
  • Chuck Jones (July 1997). Daffy Duck for President. Warner Bros. ISBN 978-1890371005.
  • Stefan Kanfer; Chuck Jones (May 1, 2000). Serious Business: The Art and Commerce of Animation in America from Betty Boop to Toy Story. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0306809187.
  • Chuck Jones (December 27, 2011). Chuck Jones: The Dream that Never Was. IDW Publishing & The Library of American Comics. ISBN 978-1613770306.

See also

References

  1. https://achievement.org/achiever/chuck-jones/
  2. Hugh Kenner; Chuck Jones (January 1, 1994). Chuck Jones: A Flurry of Drawings. p. 22. ISBN 9780520087972. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  3. Martin, Hugo (February 23, 2002). "Chuck Jones, 89; Animation Pioneer". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  4. Jones, Chuck (1989). Chuck Amuck : The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist, New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux; ISBN 0-374-12348-9
  5. Jones, Chuck (1996). Chuck Reducks: Drawing from the Fun Side of Life. New York: Warner Books; ISBN 0-446-51893-X
  6. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 27, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. Williams, Jasmin (May 7, 2009). "Chuck Jones – Master Animator". New York Post: 34 via Business Insights: Global.
  8. "Sniffles". Chuck Jones Center. Archived from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  9. Sigall (2005), pp. 59–61
  10. Chuck Jones at IMDb
  11. Barrier, Michael (1999). Hollywood Cartoons. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 562–563; ISBN 0-19-516729-5
  12. How The Grinch Stole Christmas! at the Big Cartoon DataBase
  13. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. "Unadulterated Hogwash". Letters of Note. October 21, 2009. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  15. Robert McKimson account, Michaelbarrier.com; accessed June 18, 2015.
  16. Shaffer, R. L. (May 21, 2012). "Gremlins Blu-ray Review". IGN. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  17. Hinson, Hal (June 15, 1990). "Gremlins 2: The New Batch". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  18. Johnson, Malcolm (August 15, 1992). "No Need To 'Stay Tuned' To This One". Hartford Courant. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  19. Fields, Curt (February 29, 2008). "Go Behind The Seams of 'Mrs. Doubtfire'". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  20. Editor (June 10, 1994). National Student Film Institute/L.A: The Sixteenth Annual Los Angeles Student Film Festival. The Directors Guild Theatre. pp. 10–11.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  21. Editor (June 7, 1991). Los Angeles Student Film Institute: 13th Annual Student Film Festival. The Directors Guild Theatre. p. 3.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  22. Botwin, Michele (August 17, 2000). "Chuck Jones's Latest Creation Will Prowl the Web". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  23. "29th Annual Annies Winners(2001)". Annie Award. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  24. "MacDowell Medal winners 1960-2011". The Telegraph. April 13, 2011.
  25. https://www.chuckjonescenter.org/
  26. "Falling Behind with the Joneses". Retrieved April 18, 2020. ... He has persevered through skin cancer, a pacemaker, and hip and ankle replacements. This is a lot to have experienced ...
  27. "Bugs on Video – The 1960s". The Bugs Bunny Video Guide. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
  28. "Chuck Jones - Awards - IMDB". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  29. Jones, Chuck. "Honorary Award: Acceptance Speech". Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  30. "Animafest Zagreb". Animafest.hr. June 3, 1988. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  31. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  32. "Honorary Degrees Awarded by Oglethorpe University". Oglethorpe University. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  33. Martin, Hugo (February 23, 2002). "Chuck Jones". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  34. Inkpot Award
  35. Anderson, Paul (January 13, 2011). ""The Chuck Jones Experience" opens in Las Vegas". Big Cartoon News. Retrieved June 18, 2015.

Sources

Further reading

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