City of Chester (UK Parliament constituency)

City of Chester
City of Chester
	County constituency; for the House of Commons
	Boundary of City of Chester in Cheshire
	Location of Cheshire within England
County	Cheshire
Population	92,995 (2011 census)[1]
Electorate	74,397 (2018)[2]
Major settlements	Chester
Current constituency
Created	1918
Member of Parliament	Chris Matheson (Labour)
Number of members	One
1545–1918
Number of members	1545–1880: Two; 1885–1918: One
Type of constituency	Borough constituency

The City of Chester is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Chris Matheson of the Labour Party. [n 2]

Profile

The constituency covers the English city of Chester on the border of Wales and parts of the surrounding Cheshire West and Chester unitary authority, including the villages of: Aldford, Capenhurst, Christleton, Guilden Sutton, Mollington, Newtown, Pulford and Saughall.

Much of the city of Chester itself is residential of varying characteristics, with more middle-class areas such as Upton and the large rural former council estate of Blacon which is, except where purchased under the right to buy; owned and managed by the local housing association, Chester And District Housing Trust.[3]

History

As part of a county palatine with a parliament of its own until the early-sixteenth century, Chester was not enfranchised (sent no MPs) until the Chester and Cheshire (Constituencies) Act 1542 (34 & 35 Hen VIII. c. 13), since when it returned two MPs to Parliament as a parliamentary borough. It continued to elect two MPs until the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 which reduced its representation to one MP.[4]

Under the Representation of the People Act 1918, the parliamentary borough was abolished and replaced by a county division, gaining rural areas from the neighbouring constituencies of Eddisbury and Wirral.[5] Since then, the boundaries of the constituency have remained relatively consistent, primarily reflecting changes in local authority and ward boundaries.

Boundaries

1918–1950: The County Borough of Chester, the Urban District of Hoole, and the Rural District of Chester.[6]

1950–1974: As prior but with minor boundary changes to align with the revised boundaries of the Rural District of Chester.[6]

1974–1983: The County Borough of Chester, and the Rural District of Chester.[6]

Hoole Urban District had been absorbed by the County Borough of Chester in 1954, but the constituency boundaries remained unchanged.

1983–1997: The City of Chester wards of Blacon Hall, Boughton, Boughton Heath, Christleton, College, Curzon, Dee Point, Dodleston, Grosvenor, Hoole, Newton, Plas Newton, Sealand, Upton Grange, Upton Heath, Vicars Cross, and Westminster.[7]

Rural areas to the north of Chester, comprising the wards of Elton, Mollington and Saughall, transferred to the new constituency of Ellesmere Port and Neston.

1997–2010: The City of Chester wards of Blacon Hall, Boughton, Boughton Heath, Christledon, College, Curzon, Dee Point, Dodleston, Grosvenor, Hoole, Mollington, Newton, Plas Newton, Saughall, Sealand, Upton Grange, Upton Heath, Vicars Cross, and Westminster.[8]

The wards of Mollington and Saughall transferred back from Ellesmere Port and Neston.

2010–2019: The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007 defined the boundaries as:

The City of Chester wards of Blacon Hall, Blacon Lodge, Boughton, Boughton Heath, Christleton, City and St Anne's, College, Curzon and Westminster, Dodleston, Handbridge and St Mary's, Hoole All Saints, Hoole Groves, Huntington, Lache Park, Mollington, Newton Brook, Newton St Michael's, Saughall, Upton Grange, Upton Westlea, and Vicars Cross.[9]

Minor changes to reflect revised ward boundaries.

However, before the new boundaries came into force for the 2010 election, the districts making up the county of Cheshire were abolished on 1 April 2009, being replaced by four unitary authorities. Consequently, the constituency's boundaries became:

The Cheshire West and Chester wards of Blacon, Boughton, Chester City, Chester Villages (part), Dodleston and Huntington, Farndon (part), Garden Quarter, Great Boughton, Handbridge Park, Hoole, Lache, Little Neston and Burton, Newton, Saughall and Mollington, and Upton.

2019-present: Following a further local government ward boundary review in 2019, the boundaries are currently:

The Cheshire West and Chester wards of Central and Blacon, Chester City & the Garden Quarter, Christleton & Huntington (part), Farndon (part), Gowy Rural (part), Great Boughton, Handbridge Park, Lache, Newton & Hoole, Saughall and Mollington, and Upton.[10]

Political History

Two-member seat (to 1885)

From 1715 to 1869, at least one of the two seats was held by a member of the Grosvenor family. For most of the nineteenth century, both MPs represented the Whigs and (later) the Liberals. The Conservatives held one of the two seats from 1859-1865 and 1868-1880.

Single-member seat (from 1885)

The Liberals won the single-member seat in 1885 but, apart from the landslide year of 1906 (won by the Liberals with a majority of just 47 votes), Chester returned Conservative Party MPs continuously from 1886 to 1997. At most elections, majorities were in relative terms medium but the party's MPs won marginal majorities at the 1929 general election over the Liberal candidate (when the Labour Party formed a minority government) and at the 1992 general election over the Labour candidate, when the Conservatives had a small parliamentary majority.

Christine Russell of the Labour Party gained the seat easily from Gyles Brandreth at the 1997 general election after 87 years of Conservative control, and retained it until 2010. Her majority over the Conservatives had been reduced to under 1,000 votes at the 2005 general election.[n 3]

Stephen Mosley of the Conservatives gained the seat from Labour at the 2010 general election. However, Mosley narrowly lost his seat five years later to Chris Matheson of the Labour Party in 2015 by 93 votes. The 2015 general election result gave the constituency the most marginal majority (0.2%) of Labour's 232 seats won that year.[11]

Matheson was re-elected at the 2017 general election, with a significantly increased majority of 9,176 votes, one the largest swings to Labour in the election. At 56.8% it was the highest share of the vote that Labour has ever had in the constituency and it is no longer considered a marginal seat. At the 2019 election, Matheson was elected once again, with a reduced, but still comfortable majority of 11.3%.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1545 to 1660

Year	First member	Second member
1545	Sir Lawrence Smith[12]
1547	Richard Sneyd	William Aldersey[13]
1553 (Mar)	Richard Sneyd	Randall Mainwaring[13]
1553 (Oct)	Richard Sneyd	Thomas Massey[13]
1554 (Apr)	Richard Sneyd	William Aldersey[13]
1554 (Nov)	Richard Sneyd	Thomas Massey[13]
1555	William Gerard	William Aldersey[13]
1558	Sir Lawrence Smith	William Gerard[13]
1559 (Jan)	Sir Lawrence Smith	William Gerard[13]
1562/1563	William Gerard	John Yerworth[13]
1571	William Gerard	William Glasier[13]
1572 (Apr)	William Gerard	William Glasier[13]
1584 (Nov)	Richard Birkheved	Richard Bavand[13]
1586 (Sep)	Richard Birkheved	Peter Warburton[13]
1588/1589	Richard Birkheved	Peter Warburton[13]
1593	Richard Birkheved	Gilbert Gerard[13]
1597 (Sep)	Peter Warburton	William Brock[13]
1601	Hugh Glasier	Thomas Gamull[13]
1604	Thomas Lawton	Hugh Glasier
1606	Thomas Gamull	Hugh Glasier
1610	Thomas Gamull	Sir John Bingley
1614	Edward Whitby	Sir John Bingley
1621–1622	Edward Whitby	John Ratcliffe
1624	Edward Whitby	John Savage
1625	Edward Whitby	Sir John Savage
1626	Edward Whitby	William Gamull
1628–1629	Edward Whitby	John Ratcliffe
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned
Apr 1640	Sir Thomas Smith	Robert Brerewood
Nov 1640	Sir Thomas Smith†	Francis Gamull†
1645	William Edwards	John Ratcliffe
1653	Chester not represented in Barebones Parliament
1654	Charles Walley	One seat only
1656	Edward Bradshaw	One seat only
1659	Jonathan Ridge	John Griffith

† Smith and Gamull were both disabled from serving in 1644.

MPs 1660–1880

	First member[14]	First party	Second member[14]	Second party
1660	John Ratcliffe		William Ince
1661	John Ratcliffe		Sir Thomas Smith, Bt
1673	Robert Werden	Tory	Sir Thomas Smith, Bt
1675	Robert Werden	Tory	William Williams
1679	Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bt	Tory
1681	Roger Whitley	Whig
1685	Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bt	Tory	Robert Werden	Tory
1689	Roger Whitley	Whig	George Mainwaring	Whig
1690	Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bt	Tory	Sir Richard Levinge, Bt	Tory
1695			Roger Whitley	Whig
January 1698			Thomas Cowper
July 1698			Peter Shakerley	Tory
1701	Sir Henry Bunbury, Bt	Tory	Peter Shakerley	Tory
1715	Sir Henry Bunbury, Bt	Tory	Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bt
1727	Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bt		Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bt
January 1733	Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bt		Sir Robert Grosvenor, Bt
March 1733	Sir Charles Bunbury, Bt
1742	Philip Henry Warburton
1754	Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bt
1755	Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bt		Thomas Grosvenor
1761	Richard Wilbraham-Bootle
1790	Viscount Belgrave
1795	Viscount Belgrave		Thomas Grosvenor	Whig[15]
1802	Richard Erle-Drax-Grosvenor
1807	John Grey Egerton
1818	Viscount Belgrave	Whig[15]
1826	Viscount Belgrave	Whig[15]	Lord Robert Grosvenor	Whig[15][16]
1830	Sir Philip Grey Egerton, Bt	Tory[15]
1831	Foster Cunliffe-Offley	Whig[15]
May 1832	John Finchett Maddock	Whig[15]
December 1832	Sir John Jervis	Radical[17][18][16]
1847	Sir John Jervis	Radical[17][18][16]	Earl Grosvenor	Whig[19][20][21]
1850	William Owen Stanley	Whig[22][23][24][25]
1857	Enoch Salisbury	Radical[21][26]
1859	Philip Stapleton Humberston	Conservative		Liberal
1865	William Henry Gladstone	Liberal
1868	Henry Cecil Raikes	Conservative
1869			Hon. Norman Grosvenor	Liberal
1874			John George Dodson	Liberal
1880	Beilby Lawley	Liberal	John George Dodson	Liberal

MPs since 1885

	Member[27][14]	Party
1885	Walter Foster	Liberal
1886	Robert Yerburgh	Conservative
1906	Alfred Mond	Liberal
1910	Robert Yerburgh	Conservative
1916	Sir Owen Philipps	Unionist
1922	Sir Charles Cayzer	Unionist
1940	Sir Basil Nield	Conservative
1956	John Temple	Conservative
1974	Peter Morrison	Conservative
1992	Gyles Brandreth	Conservative
1997	Christine Russell	Labour
2010	Stephen Mosley	Conservative
2015	Chris Matheson	Labour

Elections

Elections in the 2010s

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000640

General election 2019: City of Chester[28]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Chris Matheson	27,082	49.6	-7.2
	Conservative	Samantha George	20,918	38.3	-2.2
	Liberal Democrats	Bob Thompson	3,734	6.8	+4.1
	Green	Nicholas Brown	1,438	2.6	New
	Brexit Party	Andy Argyle	1,388	2.5	New
Majority			6,164	11.3	-5.0
Turnout			54,560	71.7	-5.7
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 2017: City of Chester [29]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Chris Matheson	32,023	56.8	+13.6
	Conservative	Will Gallagher[30]	22,847	40.5	−2.6
	Liberal Democrats	Lizzie Jewkes[31]	1,551	2.7	−2.9
Majority			9,176	16.3	+16.2
Turnout			56,421	77.4	+9.7
	Labour hold		Swing	+8.1

General election 2015: City of Chester[32][33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Chris Matheson	22,118	43.2	+8.1
	Conservative	Stephen Mosley	22,025	43.1	+2.5
	UKIP	Steve Ingram	4,148	8.1	+5.5
	Liberal Democrats	Bob Thompson	2,870	5.6	-13.5
Majority			93	0.1	N/A
Turnout			51,161	67.7	+1.0
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.9

General election 2010: City of Chester[34][35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Stephen Mosley	18,995	40.6	+3.8
	Labour	Christine Russell	16,412	35.1	−3.8
	Liberal Democrats	Lizzie Jewkes	8,930	19.1	−2.8
	UKIP	Allan Weddell	1,225	2.6	+0.9
	English Democrat	Ed Abrams	594	1.3	+0.6
	Green	Malcolm Barker	535	1.1	New
	Independent	John Whittingham	99	0.2	New
Majority			2,583	5.5	N/A
Turnout			46,853	66.7	+2.4
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	+3.9

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: City of Chester[36]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Christine Russell	17,458	38.9	−9.6
	Conservative	Paul Offer	16,543	36.8	+3.7
	Liberal Democrats	Mia Jones	9,818	21.9	+7.2
	UKIP	Allan Weddell	776	1.7	−0.3
	English Democrat	Ed Abrams	308	0.7	New
Majority			917	2.0	-13.4
Turnout			44,903	64.3	+0.5
	Labour hold		Swing	−6.7

General election 2001: City of Chester[37]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Christine Russell	21,760	48.5	−4.5
	Conservative	David Jones	14,866	33.1	−1.1
	Liberal Democrats	Tony Dawson	6,589	14.7	+5.2
	UKIP	Allan Weddell	899	2.0	New
	Independent	George Rogers	763	1.7	New
Majority			6,894	15.4	-2.8
Turnout			44,877	63.8	−14.6
	Labour hold		Swing	−1.7

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: City of Chester[38]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Christine Russell	29,806	53.0	+12.4
	Conservative	Gyles Brandreth	19,253	34.2	−10.5
	Liberal Democrats	David Simpson	5,353	9.5	−4.1
	Referendum	Richard Mullen	1,487	2.6	New
	Monster Raving Loony	Ian Sanderson	204	0.4	New
	West Cheshire College In Crisis	William Johnson	154	0.3	New
Majority			10,553	18.2	N/A
Turnout			56,257	78.4	−5.5
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+11.5

General election 1992: City of Chester[39][40]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Gyles Brandreth	23,411	44.1	−0.8
	Labour	David Robinson	22,310	42.0	+6.4
	Liberal Democrats	John Smith	6,867	12.9	−6.6
	Green	Malcolm Barker	448	0.8	New
	Natural Law	Stephen Cross	98	0.2	New
Majority			1,101	2.1	−7.1
Turnout			53,134	83.9	+4.1
	Conservative hold		Swing	−3.6

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: City of Chester[41]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Peter Morrison	23,582	44.86
	Labour	David Robinson	18,727	35.62
	Liberal	Andrew Stunell	10,262	19.52
Majority			4,855	9.24
Turnout			52,571	79.84
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1983: City of Chester[42]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Peter Morrison	22,645	47.11
	Labour	David Robertson	13,546	28.18
	Liberal	Andrew Stunell	11,874	24.70
Majority			9,099	18.93
Turnout			48,065	74.51
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Peter Morrison	28,764	51.43
	Labour	R.D. Blair	19,450	34.78
	Liberal	Andrew Stunell	7,711	13.79
Majority			9,314	16.65
Turnout			55,925	77.64
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election October 1974: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Peter Morrison	23,095	44.01
	Labour	John Crawford	18,477	35.21
	Liberal	R.M. Green	10,907	20.78
Majority			4,618	8.80
Turnout			52,479	75.40
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election February 1974: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Peter Morrison	24,527	44.29
	Labour	John Crawford	17,759	32.07
	Liberal	R. Green	13,098	23.65
Majority			6,768	12.22
Turnout			55,384	80.31
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1970: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	John Temple	25,877	52.04
	Labour	John Crawford	18,872	37.95
	Liberal	Michael J. G. Tompkins	4,978	10.01
Majority			7,005	14.09
Turnout			49,727	73.15
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	John Temple	21,673	46.05
	Labour	John Crawford	18,870	40.10
	Liberal	Peter James Samuel	6,516	13.85
Majority			2,803	5.95
Turnout			47,059	78.05
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1964: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	John Temple	23,172	48.82
	Labour	Anthony Blond	16,708	35.20
	Liberal	Peter James Samuel	7,583	15.98
Majority			6,464	13.62
Turnout			47,463	79.56
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	John Temple	27,847	61.42
	Labour	Lewis Carter-Jones	17,492	38.58
Majority			10,355	22.84
Turnout			45,339	78.69
	Conservative hold		Swing

1956 City of Chester by-election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Temple	21,137	51.72	-4.94
	Labour	Lewis Carter-Jones	14,789	36.19	+4.56
	Liberal	John Seys-Llewellyn	4,942	12.09	+0.38
Majority			6,348	15.53	-9.50
Turnout			40,868
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1955: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Basil Nield	24,905	56.66
	Labour	John Forrester	13,903	31.63
	Liberal	John Seys-Llewellyn	5,145	11.71
Majority			11,002	25.03
	Conservative hold		Swing
Turnout			43,953

General election 1951: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Basil Nield	26,743	58.52
	Labour	John G. Hughes	18,958	41.48
Majority			7,785	17.04
Turnout			45,701	82.57
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1950: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Basil Nield	23,660	51.41
	Labour	Campbell McKinnon	16,021	34.81
	Liberal	Arthur Harvey Willitt	6,342	13.78
Majority			7,639	16.60
Turnout			46,023	83.88
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1940s

General election 1945: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Basil Nield	19,064	50.33
	Labour	David Martin Hopkinson	13,585	35.87
	Liberal	Albert Edward Everett Jones	5,229	13.80
Majority			5,479	14.46
Turnout			37,878	72.14
	Conservative hold		Swing

1940 City of Chester by-election
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Basil Nield	Unopposed	*N/A*	*N/A*
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1935: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Charles Cayzer	16,882	50.37
	Liberal	Garner Evans	10,183	30.38
	Labour	Lois Bulley	6,450	19.25
Majority			6,699	19.99
Turnout			33,515	77.86
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1931: City of Chester
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Charles Cayzer	18,174	51.73
	Liberal	Aubrey Herbert	11,770	33.50
	Labour	Joseph Lewis	5,186	14.76
Majority			6,404	18.23
Turnout			35,130	85.77
	Conservative hold		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Chester[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Charles Cayzer	13,454	41.3	-11.9
	Liberal	Aubrey Herbert	13,292	40.8	+17.2
	Labour	W. Herron	5,846	17.9	-5.3
Majority			162	0.5	-29.1
Turnout			32,592	82.3	+0.4
	Unionist hold		Swing	-14.5

General election 1924: Chester[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Charles Cayzer	12,491	53.2	+7.8
	Liberal	William Craven Llewelyn	5,538	23.6	-4.7
	Labour	George Beardsworth	5,451	23.2	-3.1
Majority			6,953	29.6	+12.5
Turnout			23,480	81.9	+3.3
	Unionist hold		Swing

General election 1923: Chester[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Charles Cayzer	9,985	45.4	-8.7
	Liberal	William Craven Llewelyn	6,212	28.3	+7.0
	Labour	George Muff	5,773	26.3	+1.7
Majority			3,773	17.1	-15.6
Turnout			21,790	78.6	-2.6
	Unionist hold		Swing	-7.9

General election 1922 : Chester[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Charles Cayzer	11,938	54.1	-2.2
	Labour	George Muff	5,414	24.6	+8.9
	Liberal	Joseph Banks	4,688	21.3	-6.7
Majority			6,524	29.5	+1.2
Turnout			22.040	81.2	+16.0
	Unionist hold		Swing

Elections in the 1910s

Owen Philipps

General election 1918: Chester[43]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Unionist	Owen Philipps	10,043	56.3	+5.6
	Liberal	Edward Paul	4,993	28.0	-21.3
	Labour	Arthur Mason	2,799	15.7	New
Majority			5,050	28.3	+26.9
Turnout			17,835	65.2	-27.0
	Unionist hold		Swing
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

By-election 1916: Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	Owen Philipps	Unopposed
	Unionist hold

General election Dec 1910: Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	3,787	50.7	−0.6
	Liberal	Edward Paul	3,681	49.3	+0.6
Majority			106	1.4	−1.2
Turnout			7,468	92.2	−3.5
Registered electors			8,102
	Conservative hold		Swing	−0.6

General election Jan 1910: Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	3,978	51.3	+1.6
	Liberal	Edward Paul	3,776	48.7	−1.6
Majority			202	2.6	N/A
Turnout			7,754	95.7	+7.3
Registered electors			8,102
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+1.6

Elections in the 1900s

Alfred Mond

General election 1906[45]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Alfred Mond	3,524	50.3	+6.5
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	3,477	49.7	-6.5
Majority			47	0.6	N/A
Turnout			7,001	88.4	+7.4
Registered electors			7,918
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+6.5

Elections 1832-1900

Idris

General election 1900: City of Chester (1 seat)[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	3,303	56.2	*N/A*
	Liberal	Howell Idris	2,574	43.8	New
Majority			729	12.4	N/A
Turnout			5,877	81.0	N/A
Registered electors			7,257
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1895: City of Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1892: City of Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	3,148	55.5	+4.8
	Liberal	Hugh Halkett	2,528	44.5	−4.8
Majority			620	11.0	+9.6
Turnout			5,676	84.1	+4.2
Registered electors			6,747
	Conservative hold		Swing	+4.8

Foster

General election 1886: City of Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	2,549	50.7	+3.6
	Liberal	Walter Foster	2,483	49.3	−3.6
Majority			66	1.4	N/A
Turnout			5,032	79.9	−2.4
Registered electors			6,296
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+3.6

General election 1885: City of Chester[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Walter Foster	2,740	52.9	−8.3
	Conservative	Robert Yerburgh	2,440	47.1	+8.4
Majority			300	5.8	+4.7
Turnout			5,180	82.3	+14.1 (est)
Registered electors			6,296
	Liberal hold		Swing	−8.4

By-Election 8 May 1880: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Dodson	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

Caused by Dodson's appointment as President of the Local Government Board

General election 1880: City of Chester (2 seats)[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Dodson	3,204	30.9	−1.4
	Liberal	Beilby Lawley	3,147	30.3	−1.8
	Conservative	Henry Raikes	2,056	19.8	+2.0
	Conservative	Thomas Sandys[47]	1,961	18.9	+1.1
	Independent	Frederick Lewis Malgarini[48]	16	0.2	New
Majority			1,091	10.5	N/A
Turnout			5,192 (est)	68.2 (est)	−3.4
Registered electors			7,611
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.7
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	−1.5

General election 1874: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Henry Cecil Raikes	2,356	35.6	+3.4
	Liberal	John George Dodson	2,134	32.3	−1.0
	Liberal	Thomas Gibbons Frost[49]	2,125	32.1	−2.4
Majority			222	3.3	−10.1
Turnout			4,486 (est)	71.6 (est)	−2.8
Registered electors			6,268
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.1
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.4

By-election, 4 December 1869: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Norman Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

Succession of Earl Grosvenor to the peerage as Marquess of Westminster.

General election 1868: City of Chester (2 seats)[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Grosvenor	2,270	33.3	−6.3
	Conservative	Henry Cecil Raikes	2,198	32.2	−1.6
	Liberal	Enoch Salisbury	1,283	18.8	N/A
	Liberal	Richard Hoare[50]	1,071	15.7	N/A
Turnout			4,510 (est)	74.4 (est)	+3.1
Registered electors			6,062
Majority			72	1.1	−8.0
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.8
Majority			915	13.4	N/A
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

General election 1865: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Grosvenor	1,284	39.6	−5.0
	Liberal	William Henry Gladstone	860	26.5	+4.9
	Conservative	William Fenton[51]	565	17.4	+0.5
	Conservative	Henry Cecil Raikes	533	16.4	−0.5
Majority			295	9.1	−1.7
Turnout			1,621 (est)	71.3 (est)	+5.7
Registered electors			2,274
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.5
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.5

General election 1859: City of Chester (2 seats)[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Grosvenor	1,464	44.6	+2.5
	Conservative	Philip Stapleton Humberston	1,110	33.8	*New*
	Liberal	Enoch Salisbury	708	21.6	−5.0
Turnout			1,641 (est)	65.6 (est)	+4.8
Registered electors			2,502
Majority			354	10.8	0.0
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			402	12.2	N/A
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

General election 1857: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Hugh Grosvenor	1,244	42.1	*N/A*
	Radical	Enoch Salisbury	924	31.3	*N/A*
	Whig	Henry Grenfell[52][53]	786	26.6	N/A
Turnout			1,477 (est)	60.8 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			2,428
Majority			320	10.8	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			138	4.7	N/A
	Radical gain from Whig

General election 1852: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Hugh Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Whig	William Owen Stanley	Unopposed
Registered electors			2,524
	Whig hold
	Whig gain from Radical

By-election, 22 July 1850: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	William Owen Stanley	986	60.5	*N/A*
	Conservative	Edward Egerton[54]	645	39.5	New
Majority			341	21.0	N/A
Turnout			1,631	64.5	N/A
Registered electors			2,529
	Whig gain from Radical		Swing	N/A

Caused by Jervis' resignation after his appointment as Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.

General election 1847: City of Chester (2 seats)[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Hugh Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Radical	John Jervis	Unopposed
Registered electors			2,450
	Whig hold
	Radical hold

By-election, 30 January 1847: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Hugh Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Whig hold

Caused by Grosvenor's resignation, by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, in order to contest a by-election at Middlesex

By-election, 8 August 1846: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Whig hold

Caused by Grosvenor's appointment as Treasurer of the Household

By-election, 11 July 1846: City of Chester[46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	John Jervis	Unopposed
	Radical hold

Caused by Jervis' appointment as Solicitor-General for England and Wales

General election 1841: City of Chester (2 seats)[46][15]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Radical	John Jervis	Unopposed
Registered electors			2,444
	Whig hold
	Radical hold

General election 1837: City of Chester (2 seats)[46][15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	1,282	46.7	*N/A*
	Radical	John Jervis	1,109	40.4	*N/A*
	Conservative	Frederick Dudley Ryder[55]	352	12.8	New
Turnout			1,427	62.1	N/A
Registered electors			2,298
Majority			173	6.3	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			757	27.6	N/A
	Radical hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1835: City of Chester (2 seats)[46][15]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Radical	John Jervis	Unopposed
Registered electors			2,053
	Whig hold
	Radical hold

General election 1832: City of Chester (2 seats)[46][15]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	1,166	42.9	*N/A*
	Radical	John Jervis	1,053	38.7	*N/A*
	Whig	John Finchett Maddock	499	18.4	N/A
Turnout			1,574	77.6	N/A
Registered electors			2,028
Majority			113	4.2	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
Majority			554	20.3	N/A
	Radical gain from Whig		Swing	N/A

Elections before 1832

By-election, 18 May 1832: City of Chester[15][56]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Finchett Maddock	577	56.1	*N/A*
	Radical	Edward Davies Davenport [57]	452	43.9	N/A
Majority			125	12.2	N/A
Turnout			1,029	c. 79.2	N/A
Registered electors			c. 1,300
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

Caused by Cunliffe-Offley's death

General election 1831: City of Chester (2 seats)[15][56]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Whig	Foster Cunliffe-Offley	Unopposed
Registered electors			c. 1,300
	Whig hold
	Whig gain from Tory

By-election, 15 March 1831: City of Chester[15][56]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
Registered electors			c. 1,300
	Whig hold

Caused by Grosvenor vacating his seat

By-election, 11 December 1830: City of Chester[15][56]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	246	61.5	*N/A*
	Whig	Foster Cunliffe-Offley	154	38.5	N/A
Majority			92	23.0	N/A
Turnout			400		N/A
Registered electors
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

Caused by Grosvenor's appointment as Comptroller of the Household

General election 1830: City of Chester (2 seats)[15][56]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Robert Grosvenor	Unopposed
	Tory	Philip Grey Egerton	Unopposed
Registered electors
	Whig hold
	Tory gain from Whig

Notes and references

Notes

A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
Four of the six candidates at the 2010 general election had contested the seat previously; Christine Russell (1997, 2001, 2005); Allan Weddell (2001, 2005); Ed Abrahms (2005) and Tom Barker (1992). All candidates had contested at least one election for local authorities for wards inside the constituency. The Liberal Democrats including their two predecessor parties amassed their largest share of the vote in 2005 at 21.9% of the vote.

References

"City of Chester: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
"England Parliamentary electorates 2010-2018". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
"CDHT" Archived 2007-02-11 at the Wayback Machine Chester And District Housing Trust. Retrieved 2017-02-20
Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.
Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes. University of California Libraries. London : Sweet and Maxwell.
Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
"The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF).
"The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995".
"Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007".
"Ellesmere Port and Neston: Seat, Ward and Prediction Details". Electoral Calculus. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
List of Labour MPs elected in 2015 by % majority UK Political.info. Retrieved 2017-01-29
"SMITH, Sir Lawrence (c.1516-82), of Chester and Hough, Cheshire. | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.
"History of Parliament". Retrieved 22 September 2011.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 3)
Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 33–34. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 106, 134. Retrieved 21 August 2018 – via Google Books.
Froude, James Anthony; Tulloch, John, eds. (1847). "A Batch of Parliamentary Barristers". Fraser's Magazine, Volume 36. Fraser's Magazine. pp. 313–315. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 191. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Thompson, F. M. L., (2004) (online edition 2006) 'Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus, first duke of Westminster (1825–1899)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 26 April 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
Salmon, Philip. "MP of the Month: Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor (1825-1899)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Lewis, C. P.; Thacker, A. T., eds. (2003). "Late Georgian and Victorian Chester 1762-1914: Politics, 1835-1914". A History of the County of Chester. 5 (1): 166–171. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
The Spectator, Volume 10. F. C. Westley. 1837. p. 177. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Parliament Commons, Lists (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 214.
Cragoe, Matthew (2004). "The Problem of Landed Influence". Culture, Politics and National Identity in Wales 1832-1886. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 0-19-820754-9. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
Ollivier, John (2007). "Alphabetical List of the House of Commons". Ollivier's parliamentary and political director. p. 37. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
"Chester Election". Cheshire Observer. 28 March 1857. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Chester 1660-". Hansard 1803-2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
"City of Chester". Cheshire West and Chester Council. Retrieved 17 November 2019.
"Chester, City of, (2017 Result)". BBC News.
Chester Chronicle [@ChesterChron] (29 April 2017). "Chester born Will Gallagher, who contested Alyn & Deeside in 2010, is the Tory candidate for Chester in the 2017 general election" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Holmes, David (18 April 2017). "Chester Lib Dem general election candidate already chosen". chesterchronicle.
"City of Chester - 2015 Election Results - General Elections Online".
"Chester, City of". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
"City of Chester - 2010 Election Results - General Elections Online".
"BBC News | Election 2010 | Constituency | Chester, City of". news.bbc.co.uk.
"Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
"Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
"General Election". Liverpool Mercury. 26 November 1885. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
"Thursday's contests". London Magnet. 5 April 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
"Election Intelligence". Western Times. 31 January 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 28 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Chester". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 8 August 1868. p. 9. Retrieved 4 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Chester". Rochdale Observer. 17 June 1865. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 4 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Election News". Lancaster Gazette. 14 March 1857. p. 3. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"To the Free and Independent Electors of the City of Chester". Chester Chronicle. 14 March 1857. p. 5. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"The Chester Election". Morning Post. 25 July 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Day of Nomination". Chester Chronicle. 28 July 1837. p. 4. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Escott, Margaret. "Chester". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
"Local Intelligence". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 26 May 1832. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.

External links

nomis Constituency Profile for City of Chester — presenting data from the ONS annual population survey and other official statistics.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[3] A county constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)

[4] As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.

[13] Four of the six candidates at the 2010 general election had contested the seat previously; Christine Russell (1997, 2001, 2005); Allan Weddell (2001, 2005); Ed Abrahms (2005) and Tom Barker (1992). All candidates had contested at least one election for local authorities for wards inside the constituency. The Liberal Democrats including their two predecessor parties amassed their largest share of the vote in 2005 at 21.9% of the vote.

[1] "City of Chester: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[2] "England Parliamentary electorates 2010-2018". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 23 March 2019.

[5] "CDHT" Archived 2007-02-11 at the Wayback Machine Chester And District Housing Trust. Retrieved 2017-02-20

[6] Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.

[7] Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes. University of California Libraries. London : Sweet and Maxwell.

[:0-8] Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.

[9] "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF).

[10] "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995".

[11] "Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007".

[12] "Ellesmere Port and Neston: Seat, Ward and Prediction Details". Electoral Calculus. Retrieved 17 December 2019.

[14] List of Labour MPs elected in 2015 by % majority UK Political.info. Retrieved 2017-01-29

[15] "SMITH, Sir Lawrence (c.1516-82), of Chester and Hough, Cheshire. | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org.

[HoP2-16] "History of Parliament". Retrieved 22 September 2011.

[rayment-17] Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 3)

[stooks-smith-18] Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 33–34. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.

[churton-19] Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. pp. 106, 134. Retrieved 21 August 2018 – via Google Books.

[20] Froude, James Anthony; Tulloch, John, eds. (1847). "A Batch of Parliamentary Barristers". Fraser's Magazine, Volume 36. Fraser's Magazine. pp. 313–315. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[21] Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 191. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[dnb-22] Thompson, F. M. L., (2004) (online edition 2006) 'Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus, first duke of Westminster (1825–1899)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 26 April 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

[23] Salmon, Philip. "MP of the Month: Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor (1825-1899)". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[history-chester-24] Lewis, C. P.; Thacker, A. T., eds. (2003). "Late Georgian and Victorian Chester 1762-1914: Politics, 1835-1914". A History of the County of Chester. 5 (1): 166–171. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[25] The Spectator, Volume 10. F. C. Westley. 1837. p. 177. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[26] Parliament Commons, Lists (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 214.

[27] Cragoe, Matthew (2004). "The Problem of Landed Influence". Culture, Politics and National Identity in Wales 1832-1886. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 151. ISBN 0-19-820754-9. Retrieved 27 April 2018.

[28] Ollivier, John (2007). "Alphabetical List of the House of Commons". Ollivier's parliamentary and political director. p. 37. Retrieved 15 April 2018.

[29] "Chester Election". Cheshire Observer. 28 March 1857. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[30] "Chester 1660-". Hansard 1803-2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2015.

[31] "City of Chester". Cheshire West and Chester Council. Retrieved 17 November 2019.

[32] "Chester, City of, (2017 Result)". BBC News.

[33] Chester Chronicle [@ChesterChron] (29 April 2017). "Chester born Will Gallagher, who contested Alyn & Deeside in 2010, is the Tory candidate for Chester in the 2017 general election" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

[34] Holmes, David (18 April 2017). "Chester Lib Dem general election candidate already chosen". chesterchronicle.

[generalelectionsonline-35] "City of Chester - 2015 Election Results - General Elections Online".

[2015_result-36] "Chester, City of". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.

[generalelectionsonline2010-37] "City of Chester - 2010 Election Results - General Elections Online".

[38] "BBC News | Election 2010 | Constituency | Chester, City of". news.bbc.co.uk.

[electoralcalculus2005-39] "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus2001-40] "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus1997-41] "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus1992-42] "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[43] "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.

[electoralcalculus1987-44] "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus1983-45] "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[Craig,_F._W._S._1983-46] Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.

[craig1885-47] Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.

[48] British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)

[craig1832-49] Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.

[50] "General Election". Liverpool Mercury. 26 November 1885. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[51] "Thursday's contests". London Magnet. 5 April 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

[52] "Election Intelligence". Western Times. 31 January 1874. p. 3. Retrieved 28 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[53] "Chester". Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer. 8 August 1868. p. 9. Retrieved 4 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[54] "Chester". Rochdale Observer. 17 June 1865. pp. 4–5. Retrieved 4 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[55] "Election News". Lancaster Gazette. 14 March 1857. p. 3. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[56] "To the Free and Independent Electors of the City of Chester". Chester Chronicle. 14 March 1857. p. 5. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[57] "The Chester Election". Morning Post. 25 July 1850. p. 2. Retrieved 27 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[58] "Day of Nomination". Chester Chronicle. 28 July 1837. p. 4. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[hop-59] Escott, Margaret. "Chester". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

[60] "Local Intelligence". Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. 26 May 1832. Retrieved 10 April 2020 – via British Newspaper Archive.