Carlisle (UK Parliament constituency)

Carlisle
Carlisle
	Borough constituency; for the House of Commons
	Boundary of Carlisle in Cumbria
	Location of Cumbria within England
County	Cumbria
Population	85,979 (2011 census)[1]
Electorate	66,322 (December 2010)[2]
Major settlements	Carlisle
Current constituency
Created	1295
Member of Parliament	John Stevenson (Conservative)
Number of members	1295–1885: Two; 1885–present: One

Carlisle is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by John Stevenson of the Conservative Party.[n 2]

History

Carlisle has existed as a seat since the Model Parliament in 1295. It was represented by Labour Party MPs from 1964–2010, although the Conservative candidate came within 2% of taking the seat in 1983–1987, and has been held by John Stevenson of the Conservative Party since the 2010 general election.

Boundaries

1918–1955: The County Borough of Carlisle.

1955–1983: As 1918 but with redrawn boundaries.

1983–1997: The City of Carlisle wards of Belah, Belle Vue, Botcherby, Currock, Denton Holme, Harraby, Morton, St Aidan's, Stanwix Urban, Trinity, Upperby, and Yewdale.

1997–2010: The City of Carlisle wards of Belah, Belle Vue, Botcherby, Burgh, Currock, Dalston, Denton Holme, Harraby, Morton, St Aidan's, St Cuthbert Without, Stanwix Urban, Trinity, Upperby, and Yewdale.

2010–present: The City of Carlisle wards of Belah, Belle Vue, Botcherby, Burgh, Castle, Currock, Dalston, Denton Holme, Harraby, Morton, St Aidan's, Stanwix Urban, Upperby, Wetheral, and Yewdale.

Constituency

The constituency covers the city of Carlisle itself. It also covers the rural area of the district to the south and west of the city, including the village of Dalston. The remaining parts of the district are in the Penrith and The Border constituency. Historically the constituency was tightly drawn around the city which favour the Labour Party but has gradually expanded to contain more rural areas within the district that are far more Conservative-inclined, such as Burgh, Dalston and Wetheral. This has seen the constituency shift from being a safe Labour seat to marginal status.

Members of Parliament

MPs 1295–1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1381	John de Blennerhassett
1384	John de Blennerhassett
1386	Adam Denton	Robert Bristowe[3]
1388 (Feb)	Robert Carlisle	William Aglionby[3]
1388 (Sep)	John Corkeby	Nicholas Leveson[3]
1390 (Jan)	John Monceaux	Alan Kirkebridge[3]
1390 (Nov)	Bobby Cowing	Kieran Nobin
1391	John Monceaux	Robert Bristowe[3]
1393	John Redesdale	John Werk[3]
1394	Jack Oates	Joseph Maughan
1395	John Monceaux	John Burgham[3]
1397 (Jan)	John Helton	John Burgham[3]
1397 (Sep)	Robert Bristowe	John Bristowe[3]
1399	John Helton	Robert Bristowe[3]
1401	Thomas Bolton	Robert Bristowe[3]
1402	John Sowerby	William Boweson[3]
1404 (Jan)	Mark Cooke
1404 (Oct)
1406
1407
1410	[Robert] Carlisle[3]
1411
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	Robert Carlisle	Ralph de Blenerhayset[3]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	Robert Carlisle	William Cardoile[3]
1415
1416 (Mar)	Robert Lancaster	William Bell[3]
1416 (Oct)
1417	Robert Carlisle	William Cardoile[3]
1419	Robert Carlisle	Thomas Manningham[3]
1420	Thomas Derley	Richard Muncaster[3]
1421 (May)	Robert Carlisle	Thomas Pety[3]
1421 (Dec)	William Manchester	John Thompson[3]
1441	John Blenerhayset
1510–1523	No names known[4]
1529	Edward Aglionby	John Coldale[4]
1536	?
1539	?
1542	William Stapleton	?[4]
1545	Hugh Aglionby	Robert Smith[4]
1547	Edward Aglionby	Thomas Dalston, died and replaced Jan 1552 by Edward Aglionby[4]
1553 (Mar)	Edward Aglionby	John Dudley[4]
1553 (Oct)	John Aglionby	Simon Brisco[4]
1554 (Apr)	Robert Wheatley	Richard Mynsho[4]
1554 (Nov)	Robert Wheatley	Richard Mynsho[4]
1555	William Middleton	William Ward[4]
1558	Richard Assheton	Robert Dalton[4]
1558/9	John or Edward Aglionby	Richard Mulcaster[5]
1563 (Jan)	Richard Assheton	William Mulcaster[5]
1571	Robert Bowes[6]	Christopher Musgrave[5]
1572	Thomas Pattenson	Robert Mulcaster,[7] died and repl. 1576 by Thomas Tallentyne, who also died and was repl. Mar 1579 by Thomas Barne[5]
1584	Edward Aglionby	Thomas Blennerhassett[5]
1586	Henry Macwilliam, died and repl. 1587 by William Bowyer	Thomas Blennerhassett[5]
1588 (Oct)	Henry Scrope	John Dalston[5]
1593	Henry Scrope	Edward Aglionby[5]
1597 (Sep)	Henry Scrope	Thomas Sandford[5]
1601 (Oct)	Henry Scrope	John Dudley[5]
1604	Thomas Blennerhassett	William Barwick
1614	George Butler	Nathaniel Tomkins
1621	Sir Henry Vane	George Butler
1624	Sir Henry Vane	Edward Aglionby
1625	Sir Henry Vane	Edward Aglionby
1626	Sir Henry Vane	Richard Graham
1628	Richard Barwis	Richard Graham
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

Long Parliament

1640–1644: Sir William Dalston, Bt (Royalist) – disabled to sit, January 1644
1640–1648 : Richard Barwis (Parliamentarian) – died April 1648
1645(?)–1648(?): Thomas Cholmley – not recorded as having sat after Pride's Purge, December 1648
1649: Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick, from House of Lords[8]
1653: Carlisle was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament.

First Protectorate Parliament (One member only)

1654–1655: Colonel Thomas Fitch

Second Protectorate Parliament (One member only)

1656–1658: George Downing

Third Protectorate Parliament

1659: George Downing
1659: Thomas Craister

Long Parliament (restored)

1659–1660: Thomas Cholmley
1659–1660: Edward Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Escrick

MPs 1660–1885

	First member[9]	First party	Second member[9]	Second party
1660	William Briscoe		Jeremiah Tolhurst
1661	Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bt		Sir Philip Howard
1681			Edward Howard
1685			James Grahme
1689			Jeremiah Bubb
1690	Christopher Musgrave		Jeremiah Bubb
1692			William Lowther
1694			James Lowther
1695	William Howard
1701	Philip Howard	Whig
1702	Christopher Musgrave		Thomas Stanwix	Whig
1705	Sir James Montagu
1713	Sir Christopher Musgrave, Bt	Tory
1715	William Strickland	Whig
1721	William Strickland	Whig	Henry Aglionby
1722	James Bateman	Tory	Henry Aglionby
1727	Charles Howard		John Hylton	Tory
1741			John Stanwix	Whig
1742			John Hylton	Tory
1746			John Stanwix	Whig
1761	Raby Vane		Henry Curwen
1768	Lord Edward Bentinck		George Musgrave
1774	Anthony Storer		Fletcher Norton
1775	Anthony Storer		Walter Spencer-Stanhope
1780	Earl of Surrey		William Lowther
1784			Edward Norton
April 1786			John Lowther
May 1786			John Christian	Whig[10][11]
November 1786	Edward Knubley[12]
1787	Rowland Stephenson
1790	James Clarke Satterthwaite[13]		Edward Knubley
1791	Wilson Braddyll		John Christian Curwen	Whig[10][11]
1796	Sir Frederick Fletcher-Vane, Bt	Whig[11]
1802	Walter Spencer-Stanhope	Tory[11]
1812	Sir James Graham, 1st Bt	Tory[11]	Henry Fawcett
1816			John Christian Curwen[14]	Whig[10][11]
1820			William James	Radical[15][16]
1825	Sir Philip Musgrave, Bt	Tory[11]	William James	Radical[15][16]
1826	Sir Philip Musgrave, Bt	Tory[11]	Sir James Graham, 2nd Bt	Whig[11]
1827	James Lushington	Tory[11]	Sir James Graham, 2nd Bt	Whig[11]
1829			Sir William Scott, Bt	Tory[11]
1830			Philip Howard	Whig[17][18][15][11]
1831	William James	Radical[15][16]
1835	William Marshall	Whig[19][20][21][11]
1847	William Nicholson Hodgson	Conservative	John Dixon[22]	Whig[23][24][25][18]
1848 by-election	William Nicholson Hodgson	Conservative	Philip Howard	Whig[17][18][15]
1852	Joseph Ferguson	Whig[26]	Sir James Graham, Bt	Peelite[27][28][29]
1857	William Nicholson Hodgson	Conservative		Peelite[27][28][29]
1859	Wilfrid Lawson	Liberal		Liberal
1861 by-election	Wilfrid Lawson	Liberal	Edmund Potter	Liberal
1865	William Nicholson Hodgson	Conservative
1868	Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bt	Liberal
1874	Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bt	Liberal	Robert Ferguson	Liberal
1885	Representation reduced to one member

MPs since 1885

	Member[30][9]	Party
1885	Robert Ferguson	Liberal
1886	Robert Ferguson	Liberal Unionist
1886	William Gully	Gladstonian Liberal
1895	William Gully	Speaker
1905 by-election	Frederick Chance	Liberal
1910 January	Richard Denman	Liberal
1918	Theodore Carr	Coalition Liberal
1922	George Middleton	Labour
1924	William Watson	Conservative
1929	George Middleton	Labour
1931	Louis Spears	Conservative
1945	Edgar Grierson	Labour
1950	Alfred Hargreaves (aka Alex)	Labour
1955	Dr Donald Johnson	Conservative
1964	Ronald Lewis	Labour
1987	Eric Martlew	Labour
2010	John Stevenson	Conservative

Election results

Elections in the 2010s

General election 2019: Carlisle[31]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Stevenson	23,659	55.2	+5.3
	Labour	Ruth Alcroft	15,340	35.8	−8.0
	Liberal Democrats	Julia Aglionby	2,829	6.6	+3.7
	UKIP	Fiona Mills	1,045	2.4	−1.0
Majority			8,319	19.4	+13.3
Turnout			42,873	65.9	−3.2
	Conservative hold		Swing	+6.7

This was the largest UKIP vote share at the 2019 general election.[32]

General election 2017: Carlisle[33]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Stevenson	21,472	49.9	+5.6
	Labour	Ruth Alcroft	18,873	43.8	+6.0
	UKIP	Fiona Mills	1,455	3.4	−9.0
	Liberal Democrats	Peter Thornton	1,256	2.9	+0.3
Majority			2,599	6.1	−0.4
Turnout			43,046	69.1	+4.4
	Conservative hold		Swing	−0.2

General election 2015: Carlisle[34][35]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Stevenson	18,873	44.3	+5.0
	Labour	Lee Sherriff	16,099	37.8	+0.5
	UKIP	Fiona Mills	5,277	12.4	+10.1
	Green	Helen Davison	1,125	2.6	+1.2
	Liberal Democrats	Loraine Birchall	1,087	2.6	−13.0
	Independent	Alfred Okam	126	0.3	New
Majority			2,774	6.5	+4.5
Turnout			42,587	64.7	0.0
	Conservative hold		Swing	+2.3

General election 2010: Carlisle[36]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	John Stevenson	16,589	39.3	+5.9
	Labour	Michael Boaden	15,736	37.3	−9.6
	Liberal Democrats	Neil Hughes	6,567	15.6	−1.0
	BNP	Paul Stafford	1,086	2.6	New
	UKIP	Michael Owen	969	2.3	0.0
	Green	John Reardon	614	1.5	New
	TUSC	John Metcalfe	376	0.9	New
	Independent	Peter Howe	263	0.6	New
Majority			853	2.0	N/A
Turnout			42,200	64.7	+6.1
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing	+7.7

Elections in the 2000s

General election 2005: Carlisle[37]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Eric Martlew	17,019	48.1	−3.1
	Conservative	Mike Mitchelson	11,324	32.0	−2.8
	Liberal Democrats	Steven Tweedie	5,916	16.7	+5.0
	UKIP	Steven Cochrane	792	2.2	New
	Legalise Cannabis	Lezley Gibson	343	1.0	−0.6
Majority			5,695	16.1	-0.3
Turnout			35,394	59.5	+0.1
	Labour hold		Swing	−0.2

General election 2001: Carlisle[38]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Eric Martlew	17,856	51.2	−6.2
	Conservative	Mike Mitchelson	12,154	34.8	+5.8
	Liberal Democrats	John Guest	4,076	11.7	+1.2
	Legalise Cannabis	Colin Paisley	554	1.6	New
	Socialist Alliance	Paul Wilcox	269	0.8	New
Majority			5,702	16.4	−12.0
Turnout			34,909	59.4	−13.4
	Labour hold		Swing	−6.0

Elections in the 1990s

General election 1997: Carlisle[39][40]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Eric Martlew	25,031	57.4	+10.6
	Conservative	Richard T. Lawrence	12,641	29.0	−10.7
	Liberal Democrats	Christopher A. Mayho	4,576	10.5	−2.6
	Referendum	Angus J. Fraser	1,233	2.8	New
	Natural Law	William A. Stevens	126	0.3	−0.1
Majority			12,390	28.4	+21.3
Turnout			43,607	72.8	-6.6
	Labour hold		Swing	+10.7

General election 1992: Carlisle[41][42]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Eric Martlew	20,479	46.8	+4.6
	Conservative	Clive W. Condie	17,371	39.7	−0.4
	Liberal Democrats	Ralph E. Aldersey	5,740	13.1	−4.6
	Natural Law	Nina E. Robinson	190	0.4	New
Majority			3,108	7.1	+5.0
Turnout			43,780	79.4	+0.6
	Labour hold		Swing	+2.5

Elections in the 1980s

General election 1987: Carlisle[43][44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Eric Martlew	18,311	42.2	+4.7
	Conservative	William Hodgson	17,395	40.1	+2.8
	SDP	Richard Hunt	7,655	17.7	−7.5
Majority			916	2.1	+1.9
Turnout			43,359	78.8	+2.4
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1983: Carlisle[45][46]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	15,618	37.5	-12.2
	Conservative	R. Sowler	15,547	37.3	-1.8
	SDP	Richard Hunt	10,471	25.2	New
Majority			71	0.2	-10.4
Turnout			41,638	76.4	-3.6
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1970s

General election 1979: Carlisle[47]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	21,343	49.7	-1.5
	Conservative	D. Bloomer	16,777	39.1	+3.1
	Liberal	T. Potts	4,829	11.2	-1.7
Majority			4,566	10.6	-4.6
Turnout			42,951	80.0	+1.2
	Labour hold		Swing

General election October 1974: Carlisle[48]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	21,079	51.2	-4.0
	Conservative	D. Bloomer	14,825	36.0	-7.3
	Liberal	F. Phillips	5,306	12.9	New
Majority			6,254	15.2	+3.3
Turnout			41,211	78.8	-10.0
	Labour hold		Swing

General election February 1974: Carlisle[49]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	23,119	55.2	+2.0
	Conservative	E. M. White	18,139	43.3	-3.5
	Independent Socialist	J. Wild	628	1.5	New
Majority			4,980	11.9	+5.5
Turnout			41,887	88.8	+10.2
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1970: Carlisle[50]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	21,866	53.2	-2.9
	Conservative	B. A. Marsden	19,241	46.8	+2.9
Majority			2,625	6.4	-5.9
Turnout			41,105	78.6	-4.9
	Labour hold		Swing

Elections in the 1960s

General election 1966: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	22,565	56.13
	Conservative	Godfrey William Iredell	17,638	43.87
Majority			4,927	12.26
Turnout			40,203	83.51
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1964: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Ronald Lewis	19,169	45.6	−2.0
	Conservative	Peter T. S. Boydell	17,049	40.5	−11.9
	Liberal	Brian G. Ashmore	4,617	11.0	New
	Ind. Conservative	Donald Johnson	1,227	2.9	New
Majority			2,120	5.0	N/A
Turnout			42,062	85.6	+1.0
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing	+4.9

Elections in the 1950s

General election 1959: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Donald Johnson	21,948	52.38
	Labour	Alex Hargreaves	19,950	47.62
Majority			1,998	4.76
Turnout			41,898	84.61
	Conservative hold		Swing

General election 1955: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Donald Johnson	20,071	50.47
	Labour	Alex Hargreaves	19,701	49.53
Majority			370	0.94	N/A
Turnout			39,772	82.30
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

General election 1951: Carlisle[51][52]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Alex Hargreaves	19,648	46.8	+0.3
	Conservative	Noel T. O'Reilly	16,456	39.2	+5.4
	Liberal	Doreen Gorsky	5,886	14.0	-5.6
Majority			3,192	7.6	-5.1
Turnout			41,990	87.4	-1.1
	Labour hold		Swing

General election 1950: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Alex Hargreaves	19,031	46.50
	Conservative	H. E. R. Peers	13,850	33.84
	Liberal	Godfrey William Iredell	8,043	19.65
Majority			5,181	12.66
Turnout			40,924	88.49
	Labour hold		Swing

Election in the 1940s

General election 1945: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Edgar Grierson	18,505	50.41
	Conservative	Edward Spears	13,356	36.39
	Liberal	Godfrey William Iredell	4,845	13.20
Majority			5,149	14.02	N/A
Turnout			36,706	79.20
	Labour gain from Conservative		Swing

Elections in the 1930s

General election 1939/40: Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;

Conservative: Edward Spears
Labour: Percy Barstow[53]
Liberal: Leslie H. Storey[54]

General election 1935: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Spears	16,591	48.7	−8.6
	Labour	Arnold Townend	13,956	41.0	+1.6
	Liberal	Barbara Bliss	3,525	10.3	New
Majority			2,635	7.7	−7.0
Turnout			34,072	88.2	+1.5
	Conservative hold		Swing	−3.5

General election 1931: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Edward Spears	18,079	57.35
	Labour	George Middleton	13,445	42.65
Majority			4,634	14.70	N/A
Turnout			31,524	86.66
	Conservative gain from Labour		Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General election 1929: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	George Middleton	12,779	40.4	−5.1
	Unionist	Edward Spears	10,362	32.8	−21.7
	Liberal	Archibald Creighton	8,484	26.8	New
Majority			2,417	7.6	16.6
Turnout			31,625	90.4	+1.3
	Labour gain from Unionist		Swing	+8.3

General election 1924: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Unionist	William Watson	12,787	54.5	+15.2
	Labour	George Middleton	10,676	45.5	+5.0
Majority			2,111	9.0	N/A
Turnout			23,463	89.1	+1.3
	Unionist gain from Labour		Swing	+5.1

Richard Denman

General election 1923: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	George Middleton	9,120	40.5	+2.9
	Unionist	William Watson	8,844	39.3	+8.0
	Liberal	Richard Denman	4,541	20.2	−11.5
Majority			276	1.2	−5.1
Turnout			17,964	87.8	+3.8
	Labour hold		Swing	−2.8

General election 1922: Carlisle[55]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	George Middleton	7,870	37.6	+4.4
	Unionist	Claude Lowther	6,569	31.3	New
	National Liberal	Theodore Carr	6,526	31.1	−35.7
Majority			1,301	6.3	N/A
Turnout			20,965	84.0	+22.2
	Labour gain from Liberal		Swing

Elections in the 1910s

Theodore Carr

General election 1918: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
C	Liberal	Theodore Carr	9,511	66.8	+16.3
	Labour	Ernest Lowthian	4,736	33.2	New
Majority			4,775	33.6	+32.6
Turnout			14,247	61.8	−24.6
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.

British Socialist Party: Ernest Lowthian[56]

General election December 1910: Carlisle[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Richard Denman	3,243	50.5	+2.8
	Conservative	Irwen W. Raymond	3,179	49.5	+8.5
Majority			64	1.0	−5.7
Turnout			6,422	86.4	−5.9
Registered electors			7,436
	Liberal hold		Swing	−2.9

General election January 1910: Carlisle[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Richard Denman	3,270	47.7	*N/A*
	Conservative	Valentine John Hussey-Walsh	2,815	41.0	New
	Social Democratic Federation	Charlie Bannington	777	11.3	New
Majority			455	6.7	N/A
Turnout			6,862	92.3	N/A
Registered electors			7,436
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1900s

F.W. Chance

General election 1906 Carlisle[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Frederick Chance	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

1905 Carlisle by-election[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Frederick Chance	3,616	58.3	*N/A*
	Conservative	Lancelot Sanderson	2,586	41.7	New
Majority			1,030	16.6	N/A
Turnout			6,202	84.4	N/A
Registered electors			7,344
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

William Gully

General election 1900 Carlisle[57]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Speaker (Liberal)	William Gully	Unopposed
	Speaker hold

Elections in the 1890s

General election 1895: Carlisle[58]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Speaker (Liberal)	William Gully	3,167	52.6	+1.3
	Conservative	S. P. Foster	2,853	47.4	−1.3
Majority			314	5.2	+2.6
Turnout			6,020	88.6	+2.8
Registered electors			6,798
	Speaker hold		Swing	+1.3

General election 1892: Carlisle[58]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Gully	2,729	51.3	−1.9
	Conservative	S. P. Foster	2,586	48.7	+1.9
Majority			143	2.6	−3.8
Turnout			5,315	85.8	+5.4
Registered electors			6,195
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.9

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1886: Carlisle[58]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Gully	2,448	53.2	*N/A*
	Conservative	William George Frederick Cavendish Bentinck[59]	2,155	46.8	New
Majority			293	6.4	N/A
Turnout			4,603	80.4	N/A
Registered electors			5,726
	Liberal hold

General election 1885: Carlisle[58][60][61]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Robert Ferguson	Unopposed
	Liberal hold

General election 1880: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Robert Ferguson	2,802	37.6	+8.9
	Liberal	Wilfrid Lawson	2,691	36.1	+8.7
	Conservative	Miles Walker Mattinson[63]	1,968	26.4	−17.5
Majority			723	9.7	+5.5
Turnout			4,770 (est)	85.9 (est)	+6.0
Registered electors			5,550
	Liberal hold		Swing	+8.8
	Liberal hold		Swing	+8.7

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Robert Ferguson	2,154	28.7	−3.9
	Liberal	Wilfrid Lawson	2,051	27.4	−6.4
	Conservative	William Farrer Ecroyd	1,741	23.2	+7.0
	Conservative	William Banks[64]	1,551	20.7	+4.5
Majority			310	4.2	+4.0
Turnout			3,749 (est)	79.9 (est)	−9.0
Registered electors			4,693
	Liberal hold		Swing	−5.5
	Liberal hold		Swing	−5.5

Elections in the 1860s

General election 1868: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Wilfrid Lawson	2,043	33.8	+1.4
	Liberal	Edmund Potter	1,971	32.6	−0.8
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	1,957	32.4	−1.7
	Independent Liberal	William Slater[65]	71	1.2	New
Majority			14	0.2	N/A
Turnout			4,035 (est)	88.9 (est)	−4.0
Registered electors			4,537
	Liberal hold		Swing	+1.1
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+0.0

General election 1865: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	616	34.1	+3.0
	Liberal	Edmund Potter	604	33.4	−1.8
	Liberal	Wilfrid Lawson	586	32.4	−1.3
Majority			12	0.7	N/A
Turnout			1,211 (est)	92.9 (est)	+12.9
Registered electors			1,304
	Conservative gain from Liberal		Swing	+3.1
	Liberal hold		Swing	−1.7

By-election, 26 November 1861: Carlisle (1 seat)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Edmund Potter	536	50.1	−18.8
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	533	49.9	+18.8
Majority			3	0.2	−2.4
Turnout			1,069	89.5	+9.5
Registered electors			1,195
	Liberal hold		Swing	−18.8
	Liberal hold		Swing

Caused by Graham's death.

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1859: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	James Graham	538	35.2	+1.7
	Liberal	Wilfrid Lawson	516	33.7	+2.4
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	475	31.1	−4.2
Majority			41	2.6	+0.4
Turnout			1,002 (est)	80.0 (est)	−3.0
Registered electors			1,253
	Liberal hold		Swing	+1.9
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing	+2.3

General election 1857: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	529	35.3	+6.5
	Peelite	James Graham	502	33.5	−2.6
	Whig	Joseph Ferguson	469	31.3	−3.9
Turnout			1,015 (est)	83.0 (est)	+0.3
Registered electors			1,223
Majority			27	1.8	N/A
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+5.2
Majority			33	2.2	+1.3
	Peelite hold		Swing	−2.9

By-election, 1 January 1853: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Peelite	James Graham	Unopposed
	Peelite hold

Caused by Graham's appointment as First Lord of the Admiralty

General election 1852: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Peelite	James Graham	525	36.1	*N/A*
	Whig	Joseph Ferguson	512	35.2	−31.0
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	419	28.8	−5.1
Turnout			938 (est)	82.7 (est)	−1.6
Registered electors			1,134
Majority			13	0.9	N/A
	Peelite gain from Conservative		Swing	N/A
Majority			93	6.4	+5.8
	Whig hold		Swing	−13.0

Elections in the 1840s

By-election, 14 March 1848: Carlisle (2 seats)[62]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	477	37.4	+3.5
	Whig	Philip Howard	414	32.5	+0.8
	Whig	John Dixon	328	25.7	−8.8
	Chartist	Peter Murray McDouall[66]	55	4.3	New
Turnout			637 (est)	59.7 (est)	−24.6
Registered electors			1,067
Majority			63	4.9	+2.7
	Conservative hold		Swing	+3.8
Majority			359	28.2	+27.6
	Whig hold		Swing	−0.5

Caused by the previous election being declared void on petition due to the "several acts of treating".[67]

General election 1847: Carlisle (2 seats)[62][25]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Dixon	479	34.5	+2.0
	Conservative	William Nicholson Hodgson	471	33.9	+6.0
	Whig	Philip Howard	440	31.7	−7.8
Turnout			899	84.3	−1.3
Registered electors			1,054
Majority			8	0.6	−4.0
	Whig hold		Swing	−0.5
Majority			31	2.2	N/A
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+5.9

General election 1841: Carlisle (2 seats)[62][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	Philip Howard	419	39.5	*N/A*
	Whig	William Marshall	345	32.5	*N/A*
	Conservative	Edward Goulburn[68]	296	27.9	New
Majority			49	4.6	N/A
Turnout			643	85.6	N/A
Registered electors			751
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1837: Carlisle (2 seats)[62][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Philip Howard	Unopposed
	Whig	William Marshall	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,012
	Whig hold
	Whig hold

General election 1835: Carlisle (2 seats)[62][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes
	Whig	Philip Howard	Unopposed
	Whig	William Marshall	Unopposed
Registered electors			946
	Whig hold
	Whig gain from Radical

General election 1832: Carlisle (2 seats)[62][11]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	William James	477	44.5	+1.9
	Whig	Philip Howard	472	44.0	+1.4
	Tory	John Malcolm	124	11.6	−3.3
Turnout			646	66.1	c. +51.1
Registered electors			977
Majority			5	0.5	+0.5
	Radical hold		Swing	+1.8
Majority			348	32.4	+4.7
	Whig hold		Swing	+1.5

General election 1831: Carlisle (2 seats)[11][69]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Radical	William James	100	42.6	*N/A*
	Whig	Philip Howard	100	42.6	*N/A*
	Tory	James Lushington	35	14.9	N/A
Turnout			c. 135	c. 15%	N/A
Registered electors			c. 900
Majority			0	0.0	N/A
	Radical gain from Tory		Swing	N/A
Majority			65	27.7	N/A
	Whig hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1830: Carlisle (2 seats)[11]
	Candidate	Votes
Tory	James Lushington	Unopposed
Whig	Philip Howard	Unopposed
Tory hold
Whig hold

Elections in the 18th century

Election results taken from the History of Parliament Trust series.

General election 1747: Carlisle (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Charles Howard	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig	John Stanwix	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

Death of Hylton

By-election 26 November 1746: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	John Stanwix	N/A	N/A	N/A
	Non Partisan	Richard Musgrave	N/A	N/A	N/A

General election 13 May 1741: Carlisle (2 seats)
	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Non Partisan	Charles Howard	109	38.11	N/A
Whig	John Stanwix	90	31.47	N/A
Tory	John Hylton	87	30.42	N/A

Note: Stanwix was unseated on petition and replaced by Hylton, 26 January 1742

General election 3 May 1734: Carlisle (2 seats)
	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Non Partisan	Charles Howard	354	37.82	N/A
Tory	John Hylton	351	37.50	N/A
Non Partisan	Henry Aglionby	231	24.68	N/A

General election 1727: Carlisle (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Charles Howard	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Tory	John Hylton	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

General election 27 March 1722: Carlisle (2 seats)
	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
Non Partisan	Henry Aglionby	398	37.65	N/A
Tory	James Bateman	350	33.11	N/A
Whig	Thomas Stanwix	309	29.23	N/A

By-election 12 April 1721: Carlisle
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Non Partisan	Henry Aglionby	268	67.00	N/A
	Whig	Thomas Stanwix	132	33.00	N/A

General election 1715: Carlisle (2 seats)
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Whig	William Strickland	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Whig	Thomas Stanwix	Unopposed	N/A	N/A

Stanwix appointed Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull

Notes

A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years – from 1295 until 1885 it had the right to send two MPs in most years.

References

"Carlisle: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
"Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
"History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.
"History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.
"History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.
"Bowes, Robert (1535?-1597)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Missing or empty |title= (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"Howard, Edward (d.1675)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 2)
Gardner, Victoria E. M. (2016). The Business of News in England, 1760–1820 (Illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 95. ISBN 9781137336392.
Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 52–54. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
Knubley defeated Rowland Stephenson in a contested by-election by 553 votes to 405; but on petition Knubley was unseated and Stephenson declared elected.
At the general election Satterthwaite and Knubley defeated Curwen and Bradyll; however on petition the result was overturned and Curwen and Bradyll were declared elected. Knubley and Stephenson had each secured 503 votes of which 377 came from newly appointed freemen.
Curwen was re-elected at the 1820 general election but was also elected for Cumberland, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Carlisle in this parliament.
Hawkins, Angus (2015). "The Dynamics of Voting". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind' (First ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-872848-1. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith; Donington, Katie; Lang, Rachel (2014). "Appendix 4: MPs 1832-80 in the compensation records". Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-107-04005-2. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
"Election Intelligence". London Evening Standard. 27 July 1847. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Election News". Leeds Intelligencer. 24 July 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Casey, Martin. "Marshall, William (1796–1872)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
"Election Intelligence". Morning Post. 28 July 1847. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"William Marshall". Carlisle Patriot. 27 December 1834. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
On petition, the 1847 election in Carlisle was declared void. At the resulting by-election held in March 1848, Hodgson was re-elected but Howard, who had come third in the original election, finished ahead of Dixon.
Navickas, Katrina (2016). Protest and the Politics of Space and Place 1789–1848. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-7190-9705-8. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
"Welcome to Knells Lodge Renovation Site". Knells Lodge. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
The poll book for the borough of Carlisle election, 1847, with the names of those who did not vote. 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
Hill, Alan G., ed. (1993). "18 September 1848". The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth: VII A Supplement of New Letters. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 261. ISBN 0-19-818523-5. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
Creighton, Mandell (1890). "Graham, James Robert George" . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Maccoby, S, ed. (2002). English Radicalism 1853–1886. London: Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 0-415-26574-6. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
Smith, Francis Barrymore (1973). "The English Republic". Radical Artisan: William James Linton 1812-97. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-7190-0531-0. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
"Carlisle 1660-". Hansard 1803–2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
https://www.carlisle.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Council/Voting_elections/Statement%20of%20Persons%20Nominated%20-%20UK%20Parliamentary%20Election%202019.pdf
http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8749/CBP-8749.pdf
"General election 2017: Full list of candidates". ITV News. 12 May 2017.
"Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
"Carlisle". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
"Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
"Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"Carlisle". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
"Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"UK General Election results: June 1987 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
"UK General Election results: June 1983 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"UK General Election results: May 1979 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"UK General Election results: October 1974 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"UK General Election results: February 1974 [Archive]". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
"UK General Election results 1970". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
British parliamentary election results 1950–1974, Craig, F. W. S.
The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939.
The Liberal Magazine, 1939.
British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, F. W. S. Craig.
"British Socialist Party". Manchester Guardian. 13 April 1914.
British parliamentary election results, 1885–1918 (Craig).
British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, F. W. S. Craig.
"Carlisle Election". Carlisle Patriot. 2 July 1886. p. 6. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
The Liberal Year Book, 1907.
Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886.
Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
"The General Election". London Evening Standard. 31 March 1880. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
"To the Electors of the City of Carlisle". London Evening Standard. 30 January 1874. pp. 1, 4–5, 7–8. Retrieved 28 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Carlisle". Edinburgh Evening Courant. 17 November 1868. p. 8. Retrieved 3 February 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Goodway, David (2004). "M'Douall [McDouall], Peter Murray (c. 1814–1854)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57207 – via http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-57207. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"House of Lords—Monday, 6 March". Warder and Dublin Weekly Mail. 11 March 1848. p. 2. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
"Carlisle, Saturday, July 3, 1841". Carlisle Journal. 3 July 1841. p. 2. Retrieved 31 October 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
Escott, Margaret. "Carlisle". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

External links

nomis Constituency Profile for Carlisle – presenting data from the ONS annual population survey and other official statistics.

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Warwick and Leamington	Constituency represented by the Speaker 1895–1905	Succeeded by Penrith

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[3] A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)

[4] As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years – from 1295 until 1885 it had the right to send two MPs in most years.

[1] "Carlisle: Usual Resident Population, 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

[2] "Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.

[HoP1-5] "History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.

[HoP2-6] "History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.

[HoP3-7] "History of Parliament". Retrieved 27 September 2011.

[8] "Bowes, Robert (1535?-1597)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

[9] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Missing or empty |title= (help) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[10] "Howard, Edward (d.1675)" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

[rayment-11] Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "C" (part 2)

[gardner-12] Gardner, Victoria E. M. (2016). The Business of News in England, 1760–1820 (Illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 95. ISBN 9781137336392.

[stooks-smith-13] Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844–1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 52–54. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.

[14] Knubley defeated Rowland Stephenson in a contested by-election by 553 votes to 405; but on petition Knubley was unseated and Stephenson declared elected.

[15] At the general election Satterthwaite and Knubley defeated Curwen and Bradyll; however on petition the result was overturned and Curwen and Bradyll were declared elected. Knubley and Stephenson had each secured 503 votes of which 377 came from newly appointed freemen.

[16] Curwen was re-elected at the 1820 general election but was also elected for Cumberland, which he chose to represent, and did not sit for Carlisle in this parliament.

[hawkins-17] Hawkins, Angus (2015). "The Dynamics of Voting". Victorian Political Culture: 'Habits of Heart & Mind' (First ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-872848-1. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[legacies-slave-18] Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith; Donington, Katie; Lang, Rachel (2014). "Appendix 4: MPs 1832-80 in the compensation records". Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-107-04005-2. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[howard-19] "Election Intelligence". London Evening Standard. 27 July 1847. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[leeds-intelligencer-1847-20] "Election News". Leeds Intelligencer. 24 July 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[casey–marshall-21] Casey, Martin. "Marshall, William (1796–1872)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[22] "Election Intelligence". Morning Post. 28 July 1847. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[23] "William Marshall". Carlisle Patriot. 27 December 1834. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.

[24] On petition, the 1847 election in Carlisle was declared void. At the resulting by-election held in March 1848, Hodgson was re-elected but Howard, who had come third in the original election, finished ahead of Dixon.

[25] Navickas, Katrina (2016). Protest and the Politics of Space and Place 1789–1848. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-7190-9705-8. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[26] "Welcome to Knells Lodge Renovation Site". Knells Lodge. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[1847poll-27] The poll book for the borough of Carlisle election, 1847, with the names of those who did not vote. 1847. p. 7. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[28] Hill, Alan G., ed. (1993). "18 September 1848". The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth: VII A Supplement of New Letters. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 261. ISBN 0-19-818523-5. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[29] Creighton, Mandell (1890). "Graham, James Robert George" . In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[30] Maccoby, S, ed. (2002). English Radicalism 1853–1886. London: Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 0-415-26574-6. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[31] Smith, Francis Barrymore (1973). "The English Republic". Radical Artisan: William James Linton 1812-97. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-7190-0531-0. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

[32] "Carlisle 1660-". Hansard 1803–2005. UK Parliament. Retrieved 2 February 2015.

[Statement_of_persons_nominated-33] ttps://www.carlisle.gov.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Council/Voting_elections/Statement%20of%20Persons%20Nominated%20-%20UK%20Parliamentary%20Election%202019.pdf

[34] ttp://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8749/CBP-8749.pdf

[35] "General election 2017: Full list of candidates". ITV News. 12 May 2017.

[electoralcalculus2015-36] "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

[2015_result-37] "Carlisle". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2015.

[electoralcalculus2010-38] "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus2005-39] "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus2001-40] "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[electoralcalculus1997-41] "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[42] "Carlisle". politicsresources.net. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2009.

[electoralcalculus1992-43] "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

[44] "UK General Election results April 1992". Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.

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