Classification of Arabic languages
The North Arabian[1] branch of the Semitic language family, consists of languages and dialects spoken in pre-Islamic North and Central Arabia and South Syria, the majority of which were the descendants of Proto-Arabic and their descendants, including:
- Ancient North Arabian (including Safaitic and Hismaic)
- Old Arabic, the language of northwestern Arabia in the pre-Islamic period and its varieties:
- Classical Arabic, the liturgical language of Islam which emerged in the 7th century AD
- Neo-Arabic, the descendants of spoken Old Arabic, including:
- Colloquial Arabic
- Maghrebi Arabic also called Western Arabic
- Pre-Hilalian Arabic dialects
- Koinés
- Western Bedouin
- Northern Arabic
- Levantine Arabic
- Egyptian Arabic
- Saʽidi Arabic
- Mesopotamian Arabic
- Gelet
- Tigris dialect Cluster
- Euphrates dialect cluster
- Khuzestani Arabic
- Qeltu
- Gelet
- Peninsular Arabic also called Southern Arabic
- Central Arabic
- Sudanese Arabic
- Nubi Arabic (Sudanese Arabic-based creole)
- Juba Arabic (Sudanese Arabic-based creole)
- Sudanese Arabic
- Maghrebi Arabic also called Western Arabic
- Colloquial Arabic
- Modern Standard Arabic, the standardized variety of the general Arabic language used since the 19th century and modernized version of the liturgical language of Islam
| North Arabian | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | North Africa, Middle East, Malta |
| Linguistic classification | Afro-Asiatic
|
| Glottolog | arab1394 |
See also
Notes
- "krc2.orient.ox.ac.uk" (PDF).
Literature
- Cantineau, Jean (1955). "La dialectologie arabe", Orbis 4:149–169.
- Fischer, Wolfdietrich, & Otto Jastrow (ed) (1980). Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.
- Kaye, Alan S., & Judith Rosenhouse (1997). "Arabic Dialects and Maltese", The Semitic Languages. Ed. Robert Hetzron. New York: Routledge. Pages 263–311.
- Lozachmeur, H., (ed.), (1995). Presence arabe dans le croissant fertile avant l'Hegire (Actes de la table ronde internationale Paris, 13 Novembre 1993) Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations. ISBN 2-86538-254-0
- Macdonald, M.C.A., (2000). "Reflections on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia" Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 11(1), 28–79
- Scagliarini, F., (1999). "The Dedanitic inscriptions from Jabal 'Ikma in north-western Hejaz" Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 29, 143–150 ISBN 2-503-50829-4
- Sobelman, H., (ed.) (1962). Arabic Dialect Studies, Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics and the Middle East Institute.
- Winnett, F.V. & Reed, W.L. (1970). Ancient Records from North Arabia, Toronto: University of Toronto
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