Cynipoidea

The Cynipoidea are a moderate-sized hymenopteran superfamily that presently includes five modern families and three extinct families, though others have been recognized in the past. The most familiar members of the group are phytophagous, especially as gall-formers, though the actual majority of included species are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids. They are typically glossy, dark, smooth wasps with somewhat compressed bodies and somewhat reduced wing venation. It is common for various metasomal segments to be fused in various ways (often diagnostic for families or subfamilies), and the petiole is very short, when present.

Cynipoidea
Temporal range: Cretaceous-Present
Cynips quercusfolii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
(unranked): Proctotrupomorpha
Superfamily: Cynipoidea
Families

Austrocynipidae Riek, 1971
Ibaliidae Thomson
Protimaspidae Liu & Engel, 2007
Stolamissidae Liu & Engel, 2007
Liopteridae Ashmead, 1895
Gerocynipidae Liu & Engel, 2007
Figitidae Thomson, 1962
Cynipidae Latreille, 1802

With the exception of the Cynipidae (the gall wasps), it is a poorly known group as a whole, though there are nearly 3000 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed, mostly in the Figitidae.[1] Each of the constituent families differs in biology, though life histories of one of the families (Liopteridae) are still largely unknown. In July 2020 an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal Insect Systematics and Diversity, enabling identification to the family level. [2]

References

  1. Mertz, Leslie. "Is That a Gall Wasp? Now You Can Find Out". Entomology Today. Entomological Society of America. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  2. Buffington, Matthew; Forshage, Mattias; Liljeblad, Johan; van Noort, Simon (July 1, 2020). "World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher-Level Groups". Insect Systematics and Diversity. 4 (4). doi:10.1093/isd/ixaa003. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
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