Embolemidae

Embolemidae is a small family of around 64 species and 3 genera distributed around the world.[1] They are small solitary parasitoid wasps, and are parasites on planthopper nymphs of the families Achilidae and Cixiidae.[2]

Embolemidae
Temporal range: Barremian–Recent
Embolemus nearcticus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Superfamily: Chrysidoidea
Family: Embolemidae
Förster, 1856
Genera
  • Ampulicomorpha Ashmead, 1893
  • Embolemus Westwood, 1833
  • Trogloembolemus Olmi, Mita and Guglielmino, 2014

Biology

Females are wingless while males have wings, and in temperate regions emerge later than the females, which overwinter as adults.[3] The wingless females have been recorded from the nests of ants and small mammal burrows,[1] or under stones in pastures and grasslands and they appear to act as ant mimics. A Palearctic species, Embolemus ruddii, has been found in association with the ant species Formica fusca and Lasius flavus, while in Japan, Embolemus walkeri was taken in a nest of another ant, from the genus Myrmica.[4] A Nearctic species, Embolemus confusus, has been reared from nymphs of a planthopper in the family Achilidae, where the host fed on fungi beneath the bark of rotting logs. The wasp larva lives in a bulging sac attached to the host nymph between the second and third segments.[4][5]

Fossil species

After[2]

  • Ampulicomorpha Ashmead 1893
  • Baissobius Rasnitsyn 1975
    • Baissobius carolianus Rasnitsyn 1996 Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
    • Baissobius minimus Rasnitsyn 1996 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • Baissobius minutus Olmi et al. 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • Baissobius parvus Rasnitsyn 1975 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
  • Cretembolemus Olmi et al. 2014
    • Cretembolemus orapensis Olmi et al. 2014 Orapa, Botswana, Turonian
  • Embolemopsis Olmi et al. 2010
    • Embolemopsis baissensis Olmi et al. 2010 Zaza Formation, Russia, Aptian
    • Embolemopsis maryannae Olmi, Jarzembowski, Capradossi and Perkovsky, 2020 Wealden amber, Wessex Formation, United Kingdom, Barremian
  • Embolemus Westwood 1833
    • Embolemus burmensis Perkovsky, Olmi, Müller, Guglielmino and Rasnitsyn, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • Embolemus cretacicus Perkovsky, Olmi, Müller, Guglielmino and Rasnitsyn, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • Embolemus excitus Perrichot and Engel 2011 Baltic amber, Eocene
    • Embolemus ohmkuhnlei Perkovsky, Olmi, Müller, Guglielmino and Rasnitsyn, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • Embolemus zherikhini Perkovsky, Olmi, Müller, Guglielmino and Rasnitsyn, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • Ponomarenkoa Olmi 2010
    • Ponomarenkoa ellenbergeri Olmi et al. 2013 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
    • Ponomarenkoa polonica Ponomarenko 1988 Baltic amber, Eocene

References

  1. Simon van Noort (2017). "Embolemidae". WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the Afrotropical region. Iziko Museums of South Africa. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  2. Perkovsky, Evgeny E.; Olmi, Massimo; Müller, Patrick; Guglielmino, Adalgisa; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Capradossi, Leonardo; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P. (November 2020). "A review of the fossil Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), with description of seven new species and history of the family". Cretaceous Research: 104708. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104708.
  3. J.T. Burn (1997). "Embolemus ruddii (Westwood,1833)". Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  4. C. van Achterberg; R.J.M. van Kats (2000). "Revision of the Palaearctic Embolemidae (Hymenoptera)". Zoologische Mededelingen. 74: 251–269.
  5. "HYMENOPTERA, Embolemidae (Chrysidoidea) (formerly Bethyloidea)". University of California, Riverside. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
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