EMI Music Publishing

The origins of EMI Music Publishing date back to the EMI Group's entry into music publishing in 1958 through the formation of Ardmore and Beechwood.[7] In 1969, EMI greatly expanded its presence in music publishing through the acquisition of Keith Prowse Music for US$1.2 million in cash and 70,000 ordinary stock units.[7] In 1973, EMI acquired Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd. In 1973, EMI acquired Affiliated Music Publishers for US$8.75 million.[7] In 1974, EMI renamed its music publishing division as EMI Music Publishing.[8] In 1976, EMI Music Publishing acquired the Screen Gems and Colgems music libraries from Columbia Pictures, making it a major publisher of film music.[8] In 1989, EMI acquired SBK Entertainment, which included the MGM musical catalog.[9] In 1990, EMI acquired Filmtrax, which included the Mills Music, Ivan Mogull, and Al Gallico catalogs.[10]

In July 1997, Motown founder Berry Gordy sold a 50 percent stake in the label's Jobete Music publisher to EMI for $132 million.[11] In 2003, EMI bought an additional 30% stake in Jobete for $120 million, then the final 20 percent in 2004 for $80 million.[12]

In July 1999, EMI acquired 40,000 copyrights from Fujisankei's Windswept Pacific publisher (including the Morris Levy songs) for $200 million.[13]

In May 2011, EMI Music Publishing began bundling performance rights previously represented by ASCAP with mechanical and synchronization rights.[14]

In 2007, EMI agreed to be purchased by Terra Firma, a UK-based private equity, beating out Warner and others. The deal value was about $6.5 billion, including $4.7 billion for the shares listed in the London stock exchange, and about $2 billion of debt. The deal represented a very high multiple of EBITDA, meaning it added large debt to EMI.

After defaulting on its debt, Citigroup took over in early 2011 and weeks later announced that EMI would be split and sold off separately (music recording from the one hand, publishing on the other).

In November 2011, a consortium led by Sony agreed to acquire EMI Music Publishing from Citigroup, the owners of the EMI Group, for US$2.2 billion.[15][16] (EMI Records was sold separately.) The acquisition was approved by the European Commission in April 2012,[17] conditional upon the divestiture of the worldwide publishing rights to four catalogues - Famous Music UK, Virgin Europe, Virgin Music Publishing UK and Virgin US - and the musical works of 12 contemporary authors, including Bullet for My Valentine, Gary Barlow, Ben Harper, the Kooks, Lenny Kravitz, Ozzy Osbourne, Placebo (Famous Music), and Robbie Williams. Those catalogues, collectively known as "Rosetta", were acquired by BMG Rights Management in December 2012; the deal was finalized in May 2013.[18][19] The acquisition was completed in June 2012 following receipt of necessary approvals from anti-trust regulators in the United States.[20][21]

Sony, through its Sony/ATV Music Publishing unit, acquired about 30% of EMI Publishing. Still, it won the administration of the entire catalog, making Sony/ATV the largest music publishing administrator in the world. Other owners of EMI Publishing include Abu Dhabi wealth fund Mubadala, the Michael Jackson Estate, financial institutions, and billionaire David Geffen.

Jho Low, owner of Jynwel Capital, was charged by the US government in civil proceedings as part of the 1Malaysia Development Berhard (1MDB) scandal. The government attempted to seize Jynwel's stake in EMI Music,[22] claiming it used illicit funds.

In July 2017, media reported that EMI Music was put up for sale.[23]

In March 2018, Mubadala Investment Co., an Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund who was one of the buyers of EMI Publishing in 2012, has held talks with Sony and approached other possible buyers to sell its entire stake, according to the media. Mubadala is reportedly seeking a valuation of at least $4 billion, almost twice what the Sony-led group paid six years before.[24] The process cannot formally start before end June 2018. EMI Publishing reportedly owns more than 2.1 million songs.

In August 2018, the Independent Music Companies Association (IMPALA) filed a complaint to the European Commission, asking them to block Sony/ATV's full acquisition of EMI.[25] Warner Music Group and BMG Rights Management, which both acquired parts of EMI and its publisher in 2013, have also objected to the acquisition.

In October 2018, the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors also objected to the buyout.[26] Sony declined to offer any concessions to the European Commission, which will decide whether it will launch a full-scale investigation into the deal on 26 October.[27]