El Borma

El Borma (Arabic: اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ‎) is a town and commune, which is coextensive with El Borma District, in Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 3,250,[2] up from 1,997 in 1998.[3] and an annual population growth rate of 4.9%, the second highest in the province.[2] The town is located on the border with Tataouine Governorate, Tunisia.

El Borma

اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺔ
Commune and town
Location of El Borma commune within Algeria
El Borma
Location of El Borma within Algeria
Coordinates: 31°39′23″N 9°10′45″E
Country Algeria
ProvinceOuargla Province
DistrictEl Borma District
Area
 • Total47,261 km2 (18,248 sq mi)
Elevation
252 m (827 ft)
Population
 (2008)[2]
 • Total3,205
 • Density0.068/km2 (0.18/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)

Geography

El Borma is located amidst the vast sand dunes of the Grand Erg Oriental in eastern Algeria. The location is notable for its underground petroleum reservoirs.

Climate

El Borma has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, warm winters. The climate is similar to the one of Ouargla. Daytime temperatures are soaring during summer months as they consistently turn around 45 °C (113 °F) between June and September.

Climate data for El Borma (1981–2010, extremes 1969–2017)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.8
(87.4)		 35.8
(96.4)		 38.7
(101.7)		 43.6
(110.5)		 45.5
(113.9)		 48.5
(119.3)		 50.1
(122.2)		 48.4
(119.1)		 46.0
(114.8)		 41.0
(105.8)		 37.0
(98.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 50.1
(122.2)
Average high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)		 19.7
(67.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 28.9
(84.0)		 34.0
(93.2)		 38.9
(102.0)		 40.8
(105.4)		 40.5
(104.9)		 36.4
(97.5)		 30.7
(87.3)		 23.2
(73.8)		 17.8
(64.0)		 29.3
(84.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5)		 12.8
(55.0)		 16.8
(62.2)		 21.6
(70.9)		 26.6
(79.9)		 30.8
(87.4)		 33.0
(91.4)		 32.9
(91.2)		 29.2
(84.6)		 23.7
(74.7)		 16.6
(61.9)		 11.4
(52.5)		 22.1
(71.9)
Average low °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6)		 5.9
(42.6)		 9.7
(49.5)		 14.0
(57.2)		 18.6
(65.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.7
(76.5)		 22.1
(71.8)		 17.2
(63.0)		 10.3
(50.5)		 5.6
(42.1)		 15.0
(58.9)
Record low °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 7.0
(44.6)		 12.4
(54.3)		 16.0
(60.8)		 13.0
(55.4)		 12.8
(55.0)		 6.5
(43.7)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −5.2
(22.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6.3
(0.25)		 4.2
(0.17)		 10.3
(0.41)		 4.5
(0.18)		 5.3
(0.21)		 0.7
(0.03)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.1
(0.00)		 2.2
(0.09)		 9.2
(0.36)		 3.8
(0.15)		 4.9
(0.19)		 51.5
(2.04)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 8.5
Average relative humidity (%) 60 53 49 41 37 34 32 36 44 49 58 63 46
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9 215.6 260.4 264.0 282.1 261.0 316.2 328.6 276.0 238.7 207.0 201.5 3,065
Source: Institut National de la Météorologie (precipitation days/humidity/sun 1961–1990)[4][5][6][note 1]

Economy

El Borma's economy is supported by the petroleum industry, due to the oil fields in the area. Grazing is also significant, although limited because of the marginal plant life in the area. Agriculture is currently unfeasible due to the lack of sufficient water supplies.[1]

Transportation

El Borma is an isolated town, with no significant settlements or major roads nearby. A local road leads west to Hassi Messaoud about 300 kilometres (190 mi) to the west, and branches off to the south, reaching Ghadames in Libya and Debdeb in Illizi Province about 180 kilometres (110 mi) to the south.

The town is served by El Borma Airport.[8]

Education

1.6% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 3.5% has completed secondary education.[9] The overall literacy rate is 42.6%, and is 54.7% among males and 28.5% among females. All three rates are the lowest in the province.[10]

Localities

The commune is composed of eight localities:[11]

  • El Borma
  • Rhoud El Baguel
  • El Masder
  • Bordj Saïf Fatima
  • Bordj Bir El Djedid
  • Bordj Bir Larache
  • Keskassa
  • Erg Yagoub

References
  1. "Official website of the province of Ouargla - El Borma" (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 24 March 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. "Population: Ouargla Wilaya" (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  3. "Algeria Communes". Statoids. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  4. "Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  5. "Données normales climatiques 1961-1990" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  6. "Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  7. "Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  8. "El Borma Airport". OurAirports. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  9. "Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence" (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  10. "Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence " (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  11. "Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued" (PDF) (in French). Journal officiel de la République Algérienne. 19 December 1984. p. 1551. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.

Notes
  1. The Station ID for El Borma is 57272512.[7]
Neighbouring towns and cities
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.