Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis

Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (March 31, 1779 – July 15, 1854), known as Nelly, was the granddaughter of Martha Washington and the step-granddaughter and adopted daughter of George Washington.

Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis
BornMarch 31, 1779
Mount Airy, Prince George's County, Maryland, or "Abingdon" (now Arlington County), Province of Virginia
DiedJuly 15, 1852(1852-07-15) (aged 73)
Audley, Clarke County, Virginia, U.S.
Resting placeMount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia
NationalityAmerican
Spouse(s)Lawrence Lewis
Children8
Parent(s)John Parke Custis
Eleanor Calvert
RelativesMartha Washington (paternal grandmother)
Daniel Parke Custis (paternal grandfather)
George Washington (paternal adopted-grandfather)

Childhood

Nelly was the daughter of John Parke Custis and Eleanor Calvert Custis. Her father was the only surviving child of Daniel Parke Custis and his widow, Martha Dandridge Custis, who married George Washington in 1759. She was also the granddaughter of Benedict Swingate Calvert, illegitimate son of Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore, whose mother may have been a granddaughter of George I. He was certainly descended from Charles II through the King's daughter by Barbara Villiers, Charlotte FitzRoy. Nelly was most likely born at Mount Airy, her maternal grandfather's estate in Prince George's County, Maryland, although local tradition holds that she was born at Abingdon, her father's estate in Arlington, Virginia (now the site of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport).

Following the premature death of John Parke Custis in 1781, Nelly and her brother, George Washington Parke Custis, were informally adopted by the Washingtons, and grew up at Mount Vernon.

During George Washington's presidency, Nelly helped entertain guests at the first presidential mansion on Cherry Street in New York City, the second presidential mansion on Broadway in New York City, and the third presidential mansion in Philadelphia.

Marriage, death, and burial
Woodlawn Plantation, Fairfax County, Virginia (1805)

On February 22, 1799, Nelly Custis married George Washington's nephew, the widower Lawrence Lewis, of Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Washingtons' wedding gift was 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) adjacent to Mount Vernon, on which the Lewises built Woodlawn Plantation.[1]

The Lewises had eight children, five of whom did not survive to adulthood. The three who did survive were:

  • Frances Parke Lewis Butler (1799–1875)
  • Lorenzo Lewis (1803–1847)
  • Mary Eliza Lewis Conrad (1813–1839)

Upon her marriage, Nelly Lewis inherited about 80 slaves from her father's estate. Her grandfather, Daniel Parke Custis's estate was liquidated following Martha Washington's death in 1802, and Nelly Lewis inherited about 35 "dower" slaves from Mount Vernon. Following the death of her mother in 1811, the John Parke Custis estate was liquidated, and she inherited approximately 40 additional slaves.[2]

About 1830 the Lewises moved to Audley plantation in Clarke County, Virginia. Beginning in the mid-1830s they began dividing their time between Virginia and their daughters' homes in Louisiana. Nelly Custis Lewis continued to live at Audley after her husband's death in 1839.

Throughout her life, she regarded herself as a preserver of George Washington's legacy. She shared memories and mementos, entertained and corresponded with those seeking information on the first president, and verified or debunked stories. A shaft to the east of the Washingtons' tomb at Mount Vernon marks her burial site.[3]

References
  1. Craig Tuminaro and Carolyn Pitts (March 4, 1998). "National Historic Landmark Nomination Form: Woodlawn" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2015-11-18. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. Henry Wiencek, An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003), p. 383n.
  3. (1) "Burials at Mount Vernon". Digital Encyclopedia. Mount Vernon, Virginia: George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on 2014-10-12. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
    (2) "The Tomb". Digital Encyclopedia. Mount Vernon, Virginia: George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on 2014-10-19. Retrieved 2015-12-03.

Sources
  • Brady, Patricia. Martha Washington: An American Life. New York: Viking/Penguin Group, 2005. ISBN 0-670-03430-4.
  • Kneebone, John T., et al., eds. Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1998-. Volume 3, pages 627-628. ISBN 0-88490-206-4.
  • Ribblett, David L. Nelly Custis: Child of Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon, Va., 1993.
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