Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient)

This is a family tree of Chinese kings covering the period from 2697 BCE up through the end of the Spring and Autumn period in 453 BCE, before the establishment of the title emperor (皇帝) by Shi Huangdi in 257 BCE.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient)Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period)Family tree of Chinese monarchs (early)Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle)Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)

Five Emperors

The legendary Five Emperors were traditionally regarded as the founders of the Chinese state. The Records of the Grand Historian states that Shaohao did not accede to the throne while Emperor Zhi’s ephemeral and uneventful rule disqualify him from the Five Emperors in all sources.[1] Other sources name Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty, as the last of the Five.[2] Pretenders are italicized.[3]

Ancient Five Emperors
(1) Yellow Emperor
黃帝
[4]
(2) Shaohao
少昊
Changyi 昌意
Jiaoji 蟜極(3) Zhuanxu
顓頊
(4) KuQiongchan 窮蟬Gu of Shu
古蜀王
Cheng 称Taowu 梼杌Wangliang
魍魉
(5) ZhiXie of
Shang
(6) Emperor Yao
Houji 后稷Jingkang 敬康Lao Tong
老童
Danzhu 丹朱Juwang 句望
Zhurong
祝融
Wuhui
吳回
Qiaoniu 橋牛Gun
Gusou 瞽叟(8) YuLuzhong
陸終
Ehuang 娥皇(7) ShunNuying 女英Kunwu
昆吾
Shen H
參胡
Peng Zu
彭祖
Hui Ren
會人
Ji Lian
季連
?Cao 曹
Shangjun 商均

Xia dynasty

This is a family tree for the Xia dynasty which ruled circa 2000–1750 BC. The historicity of the dynasty has sometimes been questioned, but circumstantial archaeological evidence supports its existence.[5]

Xia dynasty
(1) Yu the Great[6]
大禹
(2) Qi[7]
(3) Tai Kang
太康
(4) Zhong Kang
仲康
(5) Xiang
(6) Shaokang
少康
(7) Zhu
(8) Huai
(9) Mang
(10) Xie
(11) Bu Jiang
不降
(12) Jiong
(14) Kong Jia
孔甲
(13) Jin
(15) Gao
(16) Fa
(17) Jie

Shang dynasty

This is a family tree for the Shang dynasty, which ruled China proper between circa 1750 BC and 1046 BC.[8] The Shang rulers bore the title Di (

Shang kings
Xie
Zhao Ming 昭明
Xiang Tu 相土
Chang Ruo 昌若
Cao Yu 曹圉
Ming
Wang Hai 王亥Wang Heng 王恒
Jia Wei 上甲微
Bao Yi 报乙
Bao Bing 报丙
Bao Ding 报丁
Zhu Ren 主壬
Zhu Kui 主癸
(1)Tang
(2)Da Ding 大丁(4)Wai Bing 外丙(5)Zhong Ren 仲壬
(3)Tai Jia 太甲
(6)Qiang Ding
羌丁
(7)Da Geng
大庚
(8)Xiao Jia 小甲(9)Yong Ji 雍己(10)Da Wu 大戊
(11)Zhong Ding
中丁
(12)Wai Ren
外壬
(13)He Dan Jia
河亶甲
(14)Zu Yi 祖乙
(15)Zu Xin
祖辛
(16)Qiang Jia
羌甲
(17)Zu Ding
祖丁
(18)Nan Geng
南庚
(19)Yang Jia
陽甲
(20)Pan Geng
盤庚
(21)Xiao Xin
小辛
(22)Xiao Yi
小乙
(23)Wu Ding 武丁
1250–1192 BC
Xiao Ji 孝己(24)Zu Geng
祖庚

1192–1181 BC
(25)Zu Jia 祖甲
1181–1159 BC
(26)Lin Xin 廩辛
1159–1155 BC
(27)Kang Ding 康丁
1155–1147 BC
(28)Wu Yi 武乙
1147–1112 BC
(29)Wen Ding 文丁
1112–1102 BC
Bi Gan
比干
(30)Di Yi 帝乙
1101–1076 BC
Kiji 微子启Wei Zhong Yan
微仲衍
(31)Di Xin 帝辛
1075–1046 BC
Wu Geng 武庚

Zhou dynasty

This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.

Zhou dynasty kings
Emperor Ku
Houji 后稷
Buzhu 不窋
Ju
Duke Liu 公劉
Qingjie 慶節
Huangpu 皇僕
Chaifu 差弗
Huiyu 毀渝
Duke Fei 公非
Gaoyu 高圉
Yayu 亞圉
Gong Shu Zulei
公叔祖類
Duke Uncle Zulei
Old Duke Danfu
King Tai of Zhou
周太王
Jili 季歷
King Ji of Zhou
Taibo 吳泰伯
(founder of Wu)
Zhongyong 仲雍
(ancestor of
the kings of Wu)
Guo Zhong
虢仲
Guo Shu
虢叔
King Wen of Zhou
文王
(1099–1050 BC)
State of WuState of Wu
Bo Yikao
伯邑考
King Wu 武王
1050/1046–1043BC
Duke of Zhou
周公旦
King Cheng 成王
(1042–1021 BC)
Tang Shuyu 唐叔虞
Marquis of Tang
1042–? BC
Bo Qin
伯禽
King Kang 康王
(1021–995 BC)
Marquis Xie of Jin
晉侯燮
State of Lu
King Zhao 昭王
(995–976 BC)
State of Jin
King Mu 穆王
(976–921 BC)
King Gong 共王
(921–909 BC)
King Xiao 孝王
(884–875 BC)
King Yi 懿王
(909–884 BC)
King Yi 夷王
(875–864 BC)
King Li 厲王
(864–841 BC)
Gonghe 共和
(Regent: 841–828 BC)
King Xuan 宣王
(827–782 BC)
Duke Huan 鄭桓公
of Zheng
806–771 BC
King Xie 携王
c. 770–750 BCE
King You 幽王
(781–771 BC)
Bao Si
褒姒
State of Zheng
King Ping 平王
(771–720 BC)
Bofu 伯服
?–771CE
Taizi
Xiefu 太子泄父
King Huan 桓王
(720–697 BC)
King Zhuang 莊王
(697–682 BC)
King Xi 僖王
(682–677 BC)
Prince Tui 王子颓
King Hui 惠王
(677–652 BC)
King Xiang 襄王
(651–619 BC
Prince Dai 王子带
King Qing 頃王
(618–613 BC)
King Kuang 匡王
(612–607 BC)
King Ding 定王
(606–586 BC)
King Jian 簡王
(585–572 BC)
King Ling 靈王
(571–545 BC)
King Jing 景王
(544–520 BC)
Prince Chao 王子朝King Dao 悼王
(520 BC)
King Jing 敬王
(520–476 BC)
King Yuan 元王
(475–469 BC)
King Zhending
貞定王

(468–441 BC)
King Ai 哀王
(441 BC)
King Si 思王
(441 BC)
King Kao 考王
(440–426 BC)
Duke Huan
of West Zhou

西周桓公
King Weilie 威烈王
(425–402 BC)
Duke Wei
of West Zhou
西周威公
King An 安王
(401–376 BC)
Duke Hui
of West Zhou
西周惠公
Prince Ban 班
Duke Hui of
East Zhou 東周惠公
King Lie 烈王
(375–369 BC)
King Xian 顯王
(368–321 BC)
Duke Wu
of West Zhou
西周武公
King Shenjing
慎靚王

(320–315 BC)
King Nan 赧王
(314–256 BC)

Spring and Autumn period

Jin

Jin state
Emperor Ku
Houji 后稷
Buzhu 不窋
Ju
Gongliu 公劉
Qingjie 慶節
Huangpu 皇僕
Chaifu 差弗
Huiyu 毀渝
Gongfei 公非
Gaoyu 高圉
Yayu 亞圉
Gongshu Zulei
公叔祖類
Duke Zulei of Shu
Tai of Zhou 周太王
Jili 季歷Wu Taibo 吳太伯Zhongyong 仲雍
Wen of Zhou
周文王
1152-1099
–1050
–1056BC
State of Wu
Wu of Zhou 武王
?–(1050–)1046
–1043 BC
Cheng of Zhou
周成王
1042–1021 BC
Shu Yu of Tang
唐叔虞
1042–? BCE
Kang of Zhou
周康王
1021–996 BC
Xie of Jin
晉侯燮
Zhou
dynasty
Wu of Jin
晉武侯
Cheng of Jin
晉成侯
Li of Jin 晉厲侯
?–859 BC
Jing of Jin 晉靖侯
858–841 BC
Xi of Jin 晉釐侯
841–823 BC
Boqiao 伯僑
Xian of Jin 晉獻侯
823–812 BC
Mu of Jin 晉穆侯
812–785 BC
Shang Shu 晉殤叔
785–781BC
Tu 突
Wen of Jin 晉文侯
780–746 BC
Huan Shu of Quwo
曲沃桓叔
745–731 BC
Zhao of Jin 晉昭侯
745–739BC
Zhuang Bo of Quwo
曲沃莊伯
731–716 BCE
Wuzi of Han
韩武子
Xiao of Jin 晉孝侯
739–724 BC
Wu of Quwo
and Jin

曲沃(晉)武公
679–677 BC
Qiubo of Han
韓赇伯
E of Jin 晉鄂侯
724–718 BC
Xian of Jin 晉獻公
676–651 BC
Hán Jiǎn
韓简
Ai of Jin 晉哀侯
717–709 BC
Min of Jin 晉侯緡
704–678 BCE
Shensheng 申生
d. 655 BC
Wen of Jin 重耳
697–636–628 BC
Hui of Jin
晉惠公
650–637 BC
Xiqi of Jin
奚齊
665–651 BC
Zhuozi of Jin
卓子
d. 651
Ziyu
子舆
Xiaozi of Jin
晉小子侯
708–705 BC
Xiang of Jin
晋襄公
627–621 BC
Cheng of Jin
晋成公
606–600 BC
Huai of Jin
晉懷公
637 BC
Xianzi of Han
韩献子
Ling of Jin 晋灵公
620–607 BC
Jie
桓叔捷
Jing of Jin 晋景公
599–581 BC
State of Han
Tan
惠伯談
Li of Jin 晋厉公
580–573 BC
Dao of Jin 晉悼公
586–573-558 BC
Ping of Jin 晋平公
557–532 BC
Zhao of Jin 晋昭公
531–526 BC
Qing of Jin 晉頃公
525–512 BC
戴子雍
Ding of Jin 晉定公
511–475 BC
Ji
Chu of Jin 晉出公
474–452 BC
Jing of Jin 晉敬公
451–434 BC
You of Jin 晉幽公
433–416 BC
Lie of Jin 晉烈公
415–389 BC
Huan of Jin 晉桓公
388–369 BC
Jing of Jin 晉靜公
356–349 BC(?)

Cai

Cai state rulers
Shu Du of Cai
蔡叔度
Ruler of Cai
1046 BC – ?
Ji Hu 姬胡
Zhong Hu of Cai
蔡仲
Ruler of Cai
Ji Huang 姬荒
Earl Huang of Cai
蔡伯荒
Ruler of Cai
Marquis Gōng
of Cai
蔡宫侯
Ruler of Cai
Marquis Li of Cai
蔡厉侯
Ruler of Cai
?–863 BC
Wu of Cai
蔡武侯
Marquis of Cai
?–864–838 BC
Yi of Cai
蔡夷侯
Marquis of Cai
?–838–810 BC
Ji Suǒshi 姬所事
Xi of Cai
蔡僖侯
Marquis of Cai
?–810–762 BC
Ji Xīng 姬興
Gòng of Cai
蔡共侯
Marquis of Cai
?–762–760 BC
Dai of Cai
蔡戴侯
Marquis of Cai
?–760–750 BC
Ji Cuòfu 姬措父
Xuan of Cai
蔡宣侯
Marquis of Cai
?–750–715 BC
Jī Fēngrén 姫封人
Huan of Cai
蔡桓侯
Marquis of Cai
?–715–695 BC
Jī Xiànwǔ 姫獻舞
Ai of Cai
蔡哀侯
Marquis of Cai
?–695–675 BC
Jī Xì 姬肸
Mu of Cai
蔡穆侯
Marquis of Cai
?–675–646 BC
Jī Jiǎwǔ 姬甲午
Zhuang of Cai
蔡庄侯
Marquis of Cai
?–646–612 BC
Jī Shēn 姬申
Wen of Cai
蔡文侯
Marquis of Cai
?–612–592 BC
Ducal Son
Prince Xiè
公子燮
?–553 BC
Ducal Son
Prince Lǚ
公子履
Jī Gù 姬固
Jing of Cai
蔡景侯
Marquis of Cai
?–592–543 BC
Jī Bān 姬般
Ling of Cai
蔡灵侯
Marquis of Cai
?–543–531 BC
隐太子
?–530 BC
Jī Lú 姬廬
Ping of Cai
蔡平侯
Marquis of Cai
?–529–522 BC
Jī Dōngguó 姬東國
Dao of Cai
蔡悼侯
Marquis of Cai
?–522–519 BC
Jī Shēn 姬申
Zhao of Cai
蔡昭侯
Marquis of Cai
?–519–491 BC
Marquis Zhū
of Cai
蔡侯朱
Marquis of Cai
?–522–? BC
Jī Shuò 姬朔
Cheng of Cai
蔡成侯
Marquis of Cai
?–491–472 BC
Yuán
Gān 乾
Jī Chuǎn 姬産
Sheng of Cai
蔡声侯
Marquis of Cai
?–472–457 BC
Yuan of Cai
蔡元侯
Marquis of Cai
?–457–451 BC
Jī Qí 姬齊
Qi of Cai
蔡侯齐
Marquis of Cai
?–451–447 BC

Wu

State of Wu
Tai
King of Zhou
周太王
(1)Taibo
太伯
(2) Zhongyong
仲雍
Jili
King of Zhou

季歷
(3)Jijian
季简
Chang 昌
Wen of Zhou
周文王
1099–1152BC
–1056
-1050
(4)Shuda
叔达
Wu of Zhou
?–1046–1043BC
(5)Zhouzhang
周章
Yuzhong
虞仲
State of Yu
虞国
Zhou dynasty
(6)Xiongsui
熊遂
(7)Kexiang
柯相
(8)Qiangjiuyi
彊鳩夷
(9)Yuqiaoyiwu
餘橋疑吾
(10)Kelu
柯卢
(11) Zhouyao
周繇
(12) Quyu
屈羽
(13) Yiwu
夷吾
(14) Qinchu
禽处
(15) Zhuan
(16)Pogao
颇高
(17) Goubei
句卑
(18) Quqi
去齐
(19) Shoumeng
寿梦
?–586–561 BC
(23)Liao

?–527–515 BC
Jueyou
蹶由
(20) Zhufan
诸樊
?–561–548 BC
(21) Yuji
余祭
?–548–531 BC
(22) Yumei
餘昧
?–531–527 BC
Yanyu
掩余
Zhuyong
烛庸
Jizha
季札
Crown Prince
Zhufan
太子诸樊
Qingji
庆忌
Tong
(23) Helü
阖闾
?–515–496 BC
Fugai
夫概
?–505 BC-?
Cheng
Zhonglei
终累
(24) Fuchai
夫差
?–496–473 BC
Zishan
子山
Crown Prince You
太子友
Prince Gucao
王子姑曹
Prince Di
王子地

References

  1. Yang, 99.
  2. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 Mar 2009). ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7. p. 97.
  3. Book of Han, which originates from《帝系》。
  4. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
  5. Liu, L. & Xiu, H., "Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology", Antiquity, 81:314 (2007), pp. 886–901.
  6. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 March 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7 p.97.
  7. Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  8. Bamboo Annals
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