Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle)

The following is a family tree of Chinese emperors (420–1279), from the Northern and Southern dynasties period, of first half of the fifth century AD, until the conquest of China by the Mongols under Kublai Khan, and the end of the Southern Song dynasty in 1279.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (Warring States period) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (early) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (middle) → Family tree of Chinese monarchs (late)

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Liu Song

Liu Yu 刘裕 (363–422)

Wudi
(r. 420–422)¹

Liu Yifu 刘义符 (406–424)
Shao
(r. 423–424)²

Liu Yilong 刘义隆 (407–453)

Wen
(r. 424–453)³

Liu Yikang
劉義康 (409–451)

Liu Shao
刘劭
426–453; r. 453⁴

Liu Jun (430–464)
Xiaowu
(r. 453–464)⁵

Liu Jun
劉濬 (429–453)
Prince Shixing

Liu Yu 刘彧 (439–472)
Ming
(r. 465–472)⁷

Liu Xiufan 刘休范
(448–474)

Liu Ziye 刘子业 (449–466)
Qianfei
(r. 464–466)⁶

Liu Zixun
(劉子勛)
(456–466; r. 466)

Liu Yu (劉昱) (463–477)
Houfei
(r. 472–477)⁸

Liu Zhun (劉準) (469–479)
Shun
(r. 477–479)⁹

Southern Qi

Xiao Chengzhi 萧承之
(384–447)

Xiao Daosheng 萧道生

Xiao Daocheng 蕭道成 (427–482)
Gao
(r. 479–482)¹

Xiao Luan 蕭鸞 (452–498)
Ming
(r. 494–498)⁵

Xiao Ni
蕭嶷 444–492
Wenxian of Yuzhang

Xiao Ze 蕭賾 (440–493)
Wu
(r. 482–493)²

Xiao Baojuan
蕭寶卷
(483–501; r. 498–501)⁶

Xiao Baoyin
蕭寶寅
(487–530; r. 527)

Xiao Baorong 蕭寶融 (488–502)
He
(r. 501–502)⁷

Xiao Zhangmao
蕭長懋 (458–493)
Wen 文皇帝

Xiao Zhaoye
蕭昭業
473–494; r. 493–494³

Xiao Zhaowen
蕭昭文
480–494; r. 494⁴

Liang dynasty and Western Liang

– Liang emperors

– Western Liang emperors

– Liang throne pretenders

Xiao Shunzhi
萧顺之

Xiao Yi 萧懿 (d. 500)

Xiao Yan 蕭衍
Wu
(464–502–549)

Xiao Xiu 蕭秀
475–518

Xiao Hong
蕭宏
473–526

Xiao Yuanming
蕭淵明 d. 556; r. 555

Xiao Tong
萧统 (501–531)

Xiao Gang 蕭綱
Jianwen
503–549–551

Xiao Yi 蕭繹
Yuan
508–552–554–555

Xiao Ji 蕭紀
508–552–553

Xiao Zhengde
蕭正德
d. 549; r. 548–549

Xiao Huan 萧欢

Xiao Cha 蕭詧
Xuan
519–555–562

Xiao Daqi
蕭大器
524–551

Xiao Fangdeng
蕭方等 (528–549)

Xiao Fangzhi 蕭方智
Jing
543–555–557

Xiao Dong
萧栋 d. 552; r. 551

Xiao Kui 蕭巋
Ming
542–562–585

Xiao Yan 蕭巖

Xiao Zhuang
蕭莊
548–557–560–577?

Empress Xiao
蕭皇后 566?–648

Xiao Yu 蕭瑀
574–647

Xiao Cong 蕭琮
Jing
r. 585–587

Xiao Xuan 萧璿

Xiao Xian 萧铣
583–621;
r. 617–621

Chen dynasty

Chen dynasty emperors family tree

Chen Wenzan
陈文赞

Chen Daotan 陈道谭

Chen Baxian 陳霸先 (503–559)
Wu
(r. 557–559)

Chen Qian 陳蒨 (522–566)
Wen
(r. 559–566)

Chen Xu 陈顼 (530–582)
Xuan
(r. 569–582)

Chen Chang
陳昌 (537–560)

Chen Bozong 陳伯宗 (554?–570)
Fei
(r. 566–568)

Chen Shubao
陈叔宝
553–604; r. 582–589

Chen Shuda
陳叔達 d. 635

Ningyuan
寧遠公主 577–605

Emperor Wen
of Sui

Chen Yin 陳胤 b.573

Chen Yuan 陳渊 b.575

Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei

Tuoba / Yuan clan, Wei emperors family tree

Legend:

– Northern Wei emperors
– Western Wei emperors

– Eastern Wei emperors
– Northern Wei throne pretenders

See Tuoba clan
Dai state
family tree

Tuoba Gui
Daowu
371–386–409

Tuoba Xi
399–421

Tuoba Si
Mingyuan
392–409–423

Tuoba Ta
416–488

Tuoba Tao
Taiwu
408–423–452

Yuan Zhongkui

Tuoba Huang
428–451

Tuoba Yu
452

Yuan Faseng
453–536

Tuoba Jun
Wencheng
440–452–465

Tuoba Zhen
447–496

Tuoba Hong
Xianwen
454–465–
471–476

Yuan Yi

Yuan Bin
464–499

Tuoba Hong
Xiaowen
467–471–499

Yuan Yu
470–501

Yuan Yong
d. 528

Yuan Xiang
476–504

Yuan Xie
d. 508

Yuan Ye
530–531;
d. 532

Yuan Rong
481–526

Yuan Ke
Xuanwu
483–499–515

Yuan Xun
483–497

Yuan Yu
488–508

Yuan Yi
487–520

Yuan Huai
488–517

Yuan Yue
494–532

Yuan Xin

Yuan Gong
Jiemin
498–531–532

Yuan Yu
d. 555

Yuan Hao
d. 529

Yuan Shao
d. 528

Yuan Ziyou
Xiaozhuang
507–528–531

Yuan Lang
513–531–532

Yuan Xu
Xiaoming
510–515–528

Yuan Baohui

Yuan Baoju
Wen
507–535–551

Yuan Dan
d. 537

Yuan Ti
506–528

Yuan Xiu
Xiaowu
510–532–535

Yuan
Huangtou

daughter
b./r. 528

Yuan Zhao
526–528

Yuan Qin
Fei
551–554

Yuan Kuo
Gong
537–554–
556–557

Yuan Shanjian
Xiaojing
524–534–
550–552

Yuan Zan

Northern Qi

Northern Qi emperors

Gao Huan
高欢 (496–547)

Gao Cheng
高澄 (521–549)

Gao Yang 高洋 (526–559)
Wenxuan
(r. 550–559)

Empress Gao
高皇后

Gao Yan 高演 (535–561)
Xiaozhao
(r. 560–561)

Gao Zhan 高湛 (537–569)
Wucheng
(r. 561–565)

Gao Jie
高湝(?–577)

Gao Changgong
高长恭 d. 573
Prince of
Lanling 蘭陵王

Gao Yanzong
高延宗 (?–578; r. 576)

Gao Yin 高殷 (545–561)
Fei
(r. 559–560)

Gao Shaoyi
高紹義
(b. 546; r. 578–580)

Gao Bainian
高百年 556–564

Gao Wei 高緯 (557–577)
Houzhu
(r. 565–577)

Gao Yan
高儼
(558–571)

Gao Heng 高恆 (570–577)
Youzhu
(r. 577)

Northern Zhou

Northern Zhou emperors family tree

Yuwen Gong
宇文肱 (d.526)

Yuan Huai 元怀
（488–517）

Yuwen Hao
宇文顥
(d. 524)

Princess
Fengyi
(d. 541)

Yuwen Tai
宇文泰
(507–556)

Emp. Xiaowu
of Northern Wei
r. 532–535

Dugu Xin
獨孤信
504–557

Yuwen Hu
宇文護
(513–572)

Yuwen Jue 宇文覺
(542–557)
Xiaomin
(r. 557)¹

Yuwen Xian
宇文憲 545–578

Yuwen Yong
宇文邕 (543–578)
Wu
(r. 560–578)³

Yuwen Yu 宇文毓
(534–560)
Ming
(r. 557–560)²

Empress
Dugu
獨孤王后
d.558

Dugu Qieluo
獨孤伽羅
544–602

Emperor
Wen of Sui
r. 581–604

Duchess
Dugu

Yuwen Yun 宇文贇
(559–580)
Xuan
(r. 578–579)⁴

Yang Lihua
楊麗華
561–609

Sui dynasty

Emperor
Gaozu of Tang
r. 618–626

Yuwen Yan 宇文衍
(573–581)
Jing
(r. 579–581)⁵

Tang dynasty

Sui dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Sui dynasty (隋朝), which ruled China between AD 581 and 618. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.

Sui dynasty

Dugu Xin 獨孤信

SUI DYNASTY

Yang Jian 楊坚 541–604
Wendi 文帝
581–604

Dugu Qieluo
獨孤伽羅 544–602
Empress Xian 獻皇后

Duchess Dugu

Li Bing 李昺 d. 572
Duke of Tang 唐國公

1

2

3

4

5

TANG DYNASTY

Yang Yong 楊勇
d. 604
Prince of Fangling 房陵王

Yang Guang 楊廣 569–618
Yangdi 煬帝
604–617

Yang Jun 楊俊
571–600
Prince of Qin 秦孝王

Yang Xiu 楊秀
573–618

Yang Liang
楊諒
575–605

Li Yuan 李淵 566–635
Gaozu 高祖
618–626

1

2

3

Yang Zhao 楊昭
584–606
Cr.Prince Yuande
元德太子

Yang Jian 楊暕
585–618
Prince of Qi 齊王

Yang Gao
楊杲 607–618
Prince of Zhao 趙王

Yang Hao
楊浩 d. 618
Prince of Qin 秦王
618?

1

2

3

Yang Tan 楊倓
603–618
Prince of Yan 燕王

Yang Tong 楊侗 605–619
Gongdi 恭帝
618–619

Yang You 楊侑 605–619
Gongdi 恭帝
617–618

Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties

The following is a simplified family tree for the Tang dynasty (唐朝), which ruled China between AD 618 and 907. The Tang dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690–705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a Wu Zhou dynasty (武周); the Tang dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.

The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi (殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi (哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). The names of Xuánzōng I (玄宗) and Xuānzōng II (宣宗) are originally different in Mandarin Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin English transliteration (once the tones have been removed).

Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties

The Tang emperors claimed descent from people such as Li Guang and Laozi

			Li Yuan 李淵 566–635 Gaozu 高祖 618–626¹



		1	2	4

		Li Jiancheng 李建成 589–626 Cr. Prince Yin 隱太子	Li Shimin 李世民 598–649 Taizong 太宗 626–649²	Li Yuanji 李元吉 603–626 Prince of Qi 齊王		Wu Shiyue 武士彠 559–635 King Zhongxiao 忠孝王



	1	3	4	8	9	WU ZHOU DYNASTY

	Li Chengqian 李承乾 619–645 Prince Min of Hengshan 恆山愍王	Li Ke 李恪 d. 653 Prince of Yulin 鬱林王	Li Tai 李泰 618–652 Prince Gong of Pu 濮恭王	Li Zhen 李貞 d. 688 Prince Jing of Yue 越敬王	Li Zhi 李治 628–683 Gaozong 高宗 649–683³	Wu Zhao 武曌 624–705 Wu Zetian 武則天 690–705¹⁽⁶⁾





	1	4	5 (1)	6 (2)	7 (3)	8 (4)	(6)

	Li Zhong 李忠 643–665 Prince of Yan 燕王	Li Sujie 李素節 646–690 Prince of Xu 許王	Li Hong 李弘 652–675 Xiaojing 孝敬	Li Xian 李賢 653–684 Cr. Prince Zhanghuai 章懷太子	Li Xian 李顯 656–710 Zhongzong 中宗 684, 705–710⁴	Li Dan 李旦 662–716 Ruizong 睿宗 684–690, 710–712⁵	Princess Taiping 太平公主 665(?)–713





2	1	2	3	4		1	3

Li Shouli 李守礼 672–741 Cr. Prince Xima	Li Chongrun 李重潤 682–701 Cr. Prince Yide 懿德太子	Li Chongfu 李重福 680–710 Prince Qiao 譙王	Li Chongjun 李重俊 d. 707 Cr. Prince Jiemin 節愍太子	Li Chongmao 李重茂 695/698–714 Shangdi 殤帝 710⁷	Li Guo'er 李裹兒 684(?)–710 Princess Anle 安樂公主	Li Chengqi 李成器 679–742 Rangdi 讓帝	Li Longji 李隆基 685–762 Xuanzong 玄宗 712–756⁸



1				1	2	3	16

Li Chenghong 李承宏 Pr. of Guangwu 廣武王 Emperor in Chang'an 763				Li Cong 李琮 d. 752 Fengtian 奉天	Li Ying 李瑛 d. 737 Crown Prince	Li Heng 李亨 711–762 Suzong 肅宗 756–762⁹	Li Lin 李璘 d. 757 Prince of Yong 永王



					1	3	9

					Li Yu 李豫 727–779 Daizong 代宗 762–779¹⁰	Li Tan 李倓 d. 757 Chengtian 承天	Li Guang 李僙 d. 791 Prince of Xiang



					1		1

					Li Gua 李适 742–805 Dezong 德宗 779–805¹¹		Li Xuan 李宣 Prince of Yiwu 伊吾郡王



					1

					Li Song 李誦 761–806 Shunzong 順宗 805¹²		□



					1

					Li Chun 李純 778–820 Xianzong 憲宗 805–820¹³		Li Yun 李熅 d. 887 Prince of Xiang 襄王 Emperor in Chang'an 886–887



		1	3	6	13

		Li Ning 李寧 793–812 Cr. Prince Huizhao	Li Heng 李恆 795–824 Muzong 穆宗 820–824¹⁴	Li Wu 李悟 d. 826 Prince of Jiàng 絳王	Li Chen 李忱 810–859 Xuānzong 宣宗 846–859¹⁸



1	2	3	4	5	1	5

Li Zhan 李湛 809–827 Jingzong 敬宗 824–827¹⁵	Li Ang 李昂 809–840 Wenzong 文宗 827–840¹⁶	Li Cou 李湊 d. 835 Cr. Prince Huaiyi	Li Rong 李溶 812–840 Prince of An 安王	Li Yan 李炎 814–846 Wuzong 武宗 840–846¹⁷	Li Cui 李漼 833–873 Yizong 懿宗 859–873¹⁹	Li Zi 李滋 d. 897 Prince of Tong 通王





1		1			5	7

Li Pu 李普 824–828 Cr. Prince Daohuai 悼懷太子	Li Chengmei 李成美 d. 840 Prince of Chen 陳王	Li Yong 李永 d. 838 Cr. Prince Zhuangke 莊恪太子			Li Xuan 李儇 862–888 Xizong 僖宗 873–888²⁰	Li Yue 李曄 867–904 Zhaozong 昭宗 888–904²¹



					1	9

					Li Yu 李裕 d. 905 Prince of De 德王	Li Zhu 李柷 892–908 Aidi 哀帝 or Zhaoxuan 昭宣 904–907²²

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The fifty years between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the establishment of the Song dynasty were a time of upheaval known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.

Later Liang

The Later Liang ruled between 907 and 923.

Later Liang

	Zhu Wen 朱溫 852–912 Taizu 太祖 907–912



3		8

Zhu Yougui 朱友圭 d. 913 912–913		Zhu Zhen 朱瑱 888–923 Modi 末帝 913–923

Later Tang

The Later Tang ruled between 923 and 937.

Later Tang rulers

Adopted

Marriage

Li Keyong
李克用 856–908

Li Ni 李霓

Li Cunxu
李存勖 885–926
Zhuangzong 莊宗
923–926

Li Siyuan
李嗣源 867–933
Mingzong 明宗
926–933

Li Congke
李從珂 885–937
Modi 末帝
934–937

Li Congyi
李從益 931–947
Prince of Xu 許王

Li Congrong
李從榮d. 933
Prince of Qin 秦王

Li Conghou
李從厚 914–934
Mindi 愍帝
933–934

Empress Li
d. 950

Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭
Gaozu of
Later Jin 高祖
892–936–942

Li Chongmei
李重美 d. 937
Prince of Yong 雍王

Later Jin

The Later Jin ruled between 936 and 947.

Later Jin rulers family tree

adopted

Marriage

Li Siyuan 李嗣源
Mingzong 明宗
of (Later) Tang
867–926–933

Shi Shaoyong
石紹雍

Empress Li
d. 950

Shi Jingtang
石敬瑭 892–942
Gaozu
高祖 936–942

Shi Jingru
石敬儒

Shi Chonggui
石重貴 914–974
Chudi
出帝 942–947

Later Han and Northern Han

The Later Han ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min, brother of Emperor Gaozu the founder of the Later Han, established the Northern Han kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song in 979.

The family tree of the Later Han and Northern Han rulers

– Later Han emperors; – Northern Han emperors

adopted

Marriage

Liu Tian 劉琠
Xianzu 显祖

Liu Zhiyuan 劉知遠 895–948
Gaozu 高祖
947–948

Liu Min 劉旻 895–954
Shizu 世祖
951–954

Liu Chengyou 劉承祐 931–951
Yindi 隱帝
948–951

Liu Yun 劉贇
d.951; r.950

Liu Jun 劉钧 926–968
Ruizong 睿宗
954–968

Xue Zhao
薛钊

Lady Liu
劉氏

Mr. He
何某

Liu Jien 劉继恩 d. 968
Shaozhu 少主
968

Liu Jiyuan 劉继元 d. 992
Yingwudi 英武帝
968–979

Later Zhou

The Later Zhou ruled between 951 and 960.

Later Zhou

Chai 柴翁

Chai Shouli
柴守礼 896–967

Empress Shengmu
圣穆皇后

Guo Wei 郭威 904–954
Taizu 太祖
951–954

Chai Rong 柴榮 921–959
Shizong 世宗
954–959

Chai Zongxun 柴宗训 953–973
Gongdi 恭帝
959–960

Former Shu

Wang Jian 王建 847–918 Gaozu 高祖 907–918



Wang Yan 王衍 899–925 Houzhu 后主 918–925

Later Shu

The Later Shu kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 965.

Later Shu

Li Keyong
李克用
856–908

Lady Li
d. 932

Meng Zhixiang
孟知祥 874–934
Gaozu 高祖
934

Empress
Dowager Li
李太后d. 965

Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965
Houzhu 后主
934–965

Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c. 940–976
Madame Huarui
花蕊夫人

Meng Xuanzhe
孟玄喆 937–991
Duke of Teng 滕國公

Wu and Southern Tang

The Wu kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian (also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen, usurped power and established the Southern Tang kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 975.

Southern Tang and Wu

– Wu emperors; – Southern Tang emperors

Yang Xingmi
杨行密 852–905
Taizu 太祖 902–905

Xu Wen
徐溫 862–927
Yizu 義祖

Yang Wo
杨渥 886–908
Liezu 烈祖
(905–)907–908

Yang Longyan
897–920
Gaozu 高祖
908–920

Yang Pu
杨溥 900–938
Ruidi 睿帝
920–937

Li Bian
李昪 888–943
Liezu 烈祖
937–943

Xú Zhīxùn
(elder)
徐知訓 d. 918

Xú Zhīxùn
徐知詢 d. 934
Kang of Donghai
東海康王

Yang Lian
杨琏 d. 940
Jing of Hongnong
弘農靖王

Princess
Yongxing
永兴公主
917–940

Princess
Shangrao
上饶公主 d. 937

Xu Jingqian
徐景遷 919–937
Ding of Chu 楚定王

Li Jing
李璟 916–961
Yuanzong 元宗
943–961

Li Jingsui
李景遂 920–958
Cr. Prince Wencheng
文成太弟

Li Jingda
李景達 924–971
Cr. Prince Zhaoxiao
昭孝太弟

Li Yu 李煜 937–978
Houzhu 后主
961–975

Wuyue

Rulers family tree

Qian Liu
錢鏐 850–932
Taìzǔ (太祖)
r. 907–932¹

Qian Yuanguan
錢元瓘 887–941
Shìzōng (世宗)
r. 932–941²

Qian Hongzun
錢弘僔
925–940

Qian Hongzuo
錢弘佐 928–947
Chéngzōng (成宗)
r. 941–947³

Qián Zōng 錢倧
928–971
r. 947⁴

Qian Chu
錢俶 929–988
Zhongyi (忠懿王)
r. 947–978⁵

Min

Wang Nin 王恁

Wang Chao 王潮
b. 846–d. 898

Wang Shenzhi 王審知 b. 862–d. 925
Tàizǔ 太祖
r. 909–925

Wang Shengui
王審邽
b. 858–d. 904

Wang Yanhan 王延翰
r. 925–926; d. 927

Wang Yanjun 王延鈞 d. 935
Huìzōng 惠宗
r. 927–935

Wang Yanxi 王延羲 d. 944
Jǐngzōng (景宗)
r. 939–944

Wang Yanzheng 王延政 d. 951
Tiande (天德帝)
r. 943–945

Wang Jipeng 王繼鵬 d. 939
Kāngzōng (康宗)
r. 935–939

Chu

Ma Yin 馬殷 (b. 853–d. 930)
Wumu 楚武穆王
r. 907–930

Ma Xizhen 馬希振

Ma Xisheng
馬希聲 899–932
r. 930–932

Ma Xifan 馬希範 (899–947)
Wénzhāo 文昭
r. 932–947

Ma Xiwang
馬希旺 d. ~933

Ma Xigao
馬希杲 d. 945

Mǎ Xī'è
馬希萼
r. 950–951

Mǎ Xīchóng
馬希崇 b.912
r. 950–951

Mǎ Xīguǎng
馬希廣 d.950
r. 947–950

Mǎ Guānghuì
马光惠

Southern Han

Liu Zhiqian
劉知謙 (d. 894)

Liu Yin 劉隱
b. 874–d. 911

Liu Yan 劉龑 889–942
Gaozu 高祖
r. 917–942

Liu Tai 劉台

Emperor
Huizong of Min

Liu Hua 劉華
b. 896–d. 930

Liu Hongchang
劉弘昌 d. 944
Prince of Yue 越王

Liu Bin 劉玢 920–943
Shāng 殤皇
r. 942–943

Liu Sheng 劉晟 920–958
Zhongzong
r. 943–958

Liu Honggao
劉弘杲 d. 943
Prince of Xun 循王

Liu Chang 劉鋹
942–980
r. 958–971

Jingnan

Rulers family tree

Gao Jixing 高季興 b. 858–d. 929
Wǔxìng 武信
r. 924–928

Gao Conghui 高從誨 891–948
Wénxiàn 文獻
r. 928–948

Gao Baoxu 高保勗 924–962
Zhenan 貞安王
r. 960–962

Gao Baorong 高保融 920–960
Zhenyi 貞懿王
r. 948–960

Gao Jichong 高繼沖 943–973
Deren 德仁王
r. 962–963

Song dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Song dynasty, which ruled China between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing, who is simply known by his given name). The Song dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).

Song dynasty

– Northern Song emperors
– Southern Song emperors
A dashed line denotes an adoption

	Zhao Hongyin 趙弘殷 899–956 Xuanzu 宣祖



	2	3

	Zhao Kuangyin 趙匡胤 927–976 Taizu 太祖 960–976	Zhao Guangyi 趙光義 939–997 Taizong 太宗 976–997



2	4	3	4

Zhao Dezhao 趙德昭 951–979 Prince Yi of Yan 燕懿王	Zhao Defang 趙德芳 959–981 Prince Kanghui of Qin 秦康惠王	Zhao Heng 趙恆 968–1022 Zhenzong 真宗 997–1022	Zhao Yuanfen 趙元份 969–1005 Prince Gongjing of Shang 商恭靖王



2	2	6	3

Zhao Weiji 趙惟吉 Prince Ji 冀王	Zhao Weixian 趙惟憲 979–1016 Duke of Ying 英國公	Zhao Zhen 趙禎 1010–1063 Renzong 仁宗 1022–1063	Zhao Yunrang 趙允讓 995–1059 Prince Anyi of Pu 濮安懿王



4	3		13

Zhao Shoudu 趙守度 Marquess of Lujiang 庐江侯	Zhao Congyu 趙從郁 Marquess of Xinxing 新興侯		Zhao Shu 趙曙 1032–1067 Yingzong 英宗 1063–1067



			1

Zhao Shikuo 趙世括 Duke of Jia 嘉国公	Zhao Shijiang 趙世將 Marquess of Huayin 華陰侯		Zhao Xu 趙頊 1048–1085 Shenzong 神宗 1067–1085



		6	11

Zhao Lingjia 趙令稼 Duke of Fang 房国公	Zhao Linghua 趙令譮 Duke of Qing 慶國公	Zhao Xu 趙煦 1076–1100 Zhezong 哲宗 1085–1100	Zhao Ji 趙佶 1082–1135 Huizong 徽宗 1100–1126



		1	9

Zhao Zishi 趙子奭 Duke of Wu 吳國公	Zhao Zicheng 趙子偁 d.1143 Prince Anxi of Xiu 秀安僖王	Zhao Huan 趙桓 1100–1161 Qinzong 欽宗 1126–1127	Zhao Gou 趙構 1107–1187 Gaozong 高宗 1127–1162



	2

Zhao Bowu 趙伯旿 Duke of Yi 益國公	Zhao Shen 趙昚 1127–1194 Xiaozong 孝宗 1162–1189



	3

Zhao Shiyi 趙師意 Duke of Zhao 趙國公	Zhao Dun 趙惇 1147–1200 Guangzong 光宗 1189–1194



	2

Zhao Xilu 趙希瓐 Prince Rong 榮王	Zhao Kuo 趙擴 1168–1224 Ningzong 寧宗 1194–1224





1	2

Zhao Yun 趙昀 1205–1264 Lizong 理宗 1224–1264	Zhao Yurui 趙與芮 1207–1287 Prince Rong 榮王



	Zhao Mengqi 趙孟启 1240–1274 Duzong 度宗 1264–1274



1	2	3

Zhao Shi 趙昰 1268–1278 Duanzong 端宗 1276–1278	Zhao Xian 趙顯 1271–1323 Gongdi 恭帝 1274–1276	Zhao Bing 趙昺 1271–1279 Bing 昺 1278–1279

Liao, Jin, Western Xia dynasties

Liao dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Liao dynasty, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).

Yelü clan - Liao dynasty

– Liao dynasty emperors
– Dongdan Kingdom rulers

– Northern Liao rulers
– Western Liao rulers

– Tribal leaders

Yelü Nieli 耶律涅里

Yelü Pidie 耶律毗牒

Yelü Keling 耶律頦領

Yelü Noulisi 耶律耨里思
Suzu 肅祖

Yelü Salade 耶律薩剌德
Yizu 辽懿祖

Yelü Yundeshi
耶律勻德實
Xuanzu 辽玄祖

Yelü Saladi 耶律撤剌的
Dezu 辽德祖

Yelü Abaoji 耶律阿保機
Taizu 太祖
872–907–926

Yelü Anduan
耶律安端
?–947–952

Yelü Bei 耶律倍
Yizong 辽义宗
899–926-
930–937

Queen Xiao
of Dongdan Kingdom
人皇王妃萧氏
?–930–940

Yelü Deguang 耶律德光
Taizong 太宗
902–926–947

Yelü Lihu 耶律李胡
911–960
Zhangsudi 辽章肃帝

□

Yelü Ruan 耶律阮
Shizong 世宗
918–947–951

Yelü Jing 耶律璟
Muzong 穆宗
931–951–969

□

Yelü Xian 耶律賢
Jingzong 景宗
948–969–982

□

Yelü Longxu 耶律隆緒
Shengzong 聖宗
971–982–1031

□

Yelü Zongzhen
耶律宗真
Xingzong 興宗
1015–1031–1055

Liáo sì
Yuándì 辽嗣元帝

Yelü Hongji 耶律洪基
Daozong 道宗
1032–1055–1101

Yelü Hélǔwò 耶律和魯斡
仁圣皇太叔
?–1110

Yelü Āliǎn 耶律阿璉
?–1087

□

Yelü Jun 耶律浚
1057–1077
Shunzong 顺宗

Yelü Chun 耶律淳
Xuanzong 宣宗
1062–1122

Empress Dowager
Xiao Puxiannü
蕭普賢女 ?–1122

Yelü Zhulie 耶律朮烈
Yingzong 英宗
?–1123

Yelü Dashi 耶律大石
Dezong 德宗
1087–1124–1143

Xiao Tabuyan 蕭塔不煙
Empress Gantian 感天皇后
?–1143–1150

Yelü Yangxi 耶律延禧
1075–1128
Tianzuodi 天祚帝
1101–1125

Empress Dowager
Xiao Feng
蕭德妃 ?–1122–1123

Yelü Yilie 耶律夷列
Renzong 仁宗
?–1150–1163

Yelü Pusuwan 耶律普速完
Empress Dowager
Chengtian 承天太后
?–1163–1178

Yelü Yali 耶律雅里
1094–1123

Yelü Ding
?–1122–1123

Yelü Zhilugu 耶律直魯古
Mozhu 末主 / Modi 末帝
?–1178–1211–1213

Taibuqa
Tayang Khan of Naimans
?–1211

Princess Húnhū
渾忽公主

Küçlüg 屈出律
Usurper of Qara Khitai
?–1211–1218

Jin dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Jin dynasty. Arising from a family of Jurchen chieftains (whose inaugural years of rule are given in brackets), the dynasty was declared by Aguda in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wuqimai conquered the Liao dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the cultural 'ancestors' of the Qing dynasty, which was initially named the Later Jin in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of the Prince of Hailing, Prince Shao of Wei and Emperor Mo; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).

Emperors family tree

Hanpu 函普
Shizu 始祖

Wulu 烏魯
Emperor De 德皇帝

Bahai 跋海
Emperor An 安皇帝

Suike 綏可
Xianzu 獻祖

Shilu 石魯
Zhaozu 昭祖

Wugunai 烏骨迺
Jingzu 景祖
~1050–(1021–)1074

Helibo 劾里缽
Shizu 世祖
1039–(1074–)1092

Polashu 頗刺淑
Suzong 肅宗
1042–(1092–)1094

Yingge 盈歌
Muzong 穆宗
1053–(1094–)1103

Hezhe
劾者
d. 1121

Wuyashu 烏雅束
Kangzong 康宗
1061–(1103–)1113

Aguda 阿骨打
Taizu 太祖
1068–(1113–)1115–1123

Wuqimai 吳乞買
Taizong 太宗
1075–1123–1135

□

Sagai
撒改

Wanyan Zongjun 完顏宗峻 d. 1124
Huizong 徽宗

Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹 d. 1141
Dezong 德宗

Wanyan Zongfu 完顏宗輔
1096–1135
Ruizong 睿宗

Nianhan
粘罕
1080–1136

Hela 合剌
Xizong 熙宗
1119–1135–1149

Wanyan Liang 完顏亮
Pr. of Hailing 海陵王
1122–1149–1161

Wanyan Yong 完顏雍
Shizong 世宗
1123–1161–1189

Wanyan Yungong 完顏允恭
1146–1185
Xianzong 顯宗

Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟
Pr. Shao
of Wei 衛紹王
1168–1209–1213

Wanyan Jing 完顏璟
Zhangzong 章宗
1168–1190–1208

Wanyan Xun 完顏珣
Xuanzong 宣宗
1163–1213–1224

Wanyan Shouxu 完顏守緒 1234
Aizong 哀宗
1198–1224–1234

Wanyan Chenglin 完顏承麟
Emperor Mo 末帝
r. 1234; d. 1234

Western Xia and Dingnan Jiedushi

The following is a family tree of the military governor (Jiedushi) of Dingnan Circuit, the region that eventually evolved into the independent state of Western Xia, that existed between 1038 and 1227, followed by the family tree of the Western Xia emperors.

The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei of Tuyuhun founded the Western Xia. After the Tibetans destroyed the Tuyuhun in 670, its famous prince, Tuoba Chici, who controlled the Dangxiang Qiang submitted to the Tang, which "bestowed" upon him the royal name of Li (李). Towards the end of the Tang, the Tuoba brought troops to suppress the Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884) on behalf of the Tang court and took control of the Xia State, or Xia Zhou, in northern Shaanxi in 881. After the Tang fell in 907, the Tuoba descendants formally declared resistance against the expanding Northern Song in 982 and proclaimed independence to establish the Western Xia in 1038.

The foundation of Western Xia goes back to the year 982 under Li Jiqian. However, only in 1038 did the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (son of Li Deming, named himself emperor of Da Xia and demanded the Song emperor recognise him as an equal. The Song court recognised Li Yuanhao as governor but not as "emperor", a title it regarded as exclusive to the Song emperor. After intense diplomatic contacts, in 1043 the Tangut state accepted the recognition of the Song emperor as emperor in exchange for annual gifts, which implied tacit recognition on the part of the Song of the military power of the Tanguts.

Family tree of the Western Xia emperors and the rulers of Dingnan

Possibly
Dai state
ancestor?
(family)

skipped
generations

Li/Tuoba Chici
李/拓跋赤辭
?–?–634–?

skipped
generations

DINGNAN
JIEDUSHI

Tuoba Chongjian
拓跋重建

Li Sijing
李思敬

Li/Tuoba Sigong
李/拓跋思恭
?v881–886

Li Siyao
李思瑶

Li Sixiao
李思孝

Li Sijian
李思諫
?–895–896–908

Li Sizhong
李思忠

Li Renyou
李仁祐

Li Chengqing
李成庆
896–?

Li Renfu
李仁福
?–909–931

□

Li Renyan
李仁颜

Li Yiyun
李彝氲

Li Yixing
李彝興
?–935–967

Li Yichao
李彝超
?–933–935

Li Yiwen
李彝温

Li Yimin
李彝敏
d. 943

Li Yijin
李彝谨

Li Yijun
李彝俊

Li Yichang
李彝昌
?–908–909/910

Li Yijing
李彝景

Li Kexian
李克宪

Li Guangmei
李光美

Li Guangsui
李光遂

Li Kerui
李克睿
935–967–978

Li Kexin
李克信

Li Guanglian
李光琏

Li Guangyi
李光义

Li Guangyan
李光俨

Li Guangpu
李光普

Li Guangxin
李光新

Li Kewen
李克文

Li Jiyun
李继筠
957–978–979

Li Jipeng 李继捧
957–980–982
–988–994–1004

Li Guangxiu
李光琇

Li Guanglin
李光璘

Li Guangcong
李光琮

Li Jiqian
李繼遷
963–982–1004

Li Jichong

Li Jiyuan
李继瑗

Liyongge
李永哥

Li Pilu
李丕禄

Li Deming
李德明
981–1004–1032

WESTERN
XIA

Li Yuanhao 李元昊
1003–1048
Jingzong
r. 1038–1048¹

Li Chengyu
李成遇

Li Chengwei

嵬名锡狸

嵬名阿哩

嵬名寧明

嵬名寧令哥

□

Li Liangzuo 李諒祚
(1047–1068)
Yizong
r. 1048–1068²

Li Bingchang 李秉常
1061–1086
Huizong
嵬名秉常
r. 1068–1086³

Li Qianshun 李乾順
(1084–1139)
Chongzong
r. 1086–1139⁴

嵬名察哥

Li Renxiao 李仁孝
(1124–1193)
Renzong 仁宗
r. 1139–1193⁵

Li Renyou
李仁友

Li Yanzong
李彦宗

Li Chunyou 李純佑
(1177–1206)
Huanzong 桓宗
r. 1193–1206⁶

Li Anquan 李安全
1170–1211
Xiangzong 襄宗
r. 1206–1211⁷

Li Zunxu 李遵頊
(1163–1226)
Shenzong 神宗
r. 1211–1223⁸

嵬名承祯

Li Deren
李德任

Li Dewang 李德旺
(1181–1226)
Xianzong 獻宗
r. 1223–1226⁹

清平郡王

Li Xian 李睍
(d. 1227)
Modi/
Mozhu
r. 1226–1227¹⁰

References

Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history. Volume 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 9004141294. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1934). The Chinese: their history and culture, Volume 1 (2 ed.). Macmillan. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin (2005). Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin (eds.). Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture (illustrated ed.). University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824827856. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1889). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 21. Volume the Twenty-First. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. Retrieved February 8, 2012.CS1 maint: location (link)

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