Fawley, Berkshire

Trig point in the south of the civil parish

The area is wholly on part of the escarpment of the tallest uplands in the county which cross into South-West Oxfordshire, the Berkshire or Lambourn Downs. The nucleus of the village is "Great Fawley"[2] or "North Fawley" with the other settled place being South Fawley or Little Fawley, in the parish, 0.6 miles (1.0 km) further south. The Ridgeway, an 87-mile path, passes in the neighbouring parish to the north. In the south of the parish is a slight peak of the downs, where there is accordingly a trig point (triangulation station) to measure the surrounding landscape. Most of the land to the west including Lambourn has only north-south public roads with the land which is made up with high fields, commons and small woods in between accessible by bridleways and footpaths.

Some Roman graves were discovered in April 1883 on a hill between North and South Fawley.[3]

The area formerly contained a rural area known as the liberty of Whatcombe.[4] This briefly in medieval records appeared as an ecclesiastical parish of its own and to have had a church in the time of Henry II who confirmed its appropriation to Hurley Priory.[3]

The (north) manor and combined rectory belonged to the nunnery of Ambresbury (dissolved 1177, also known as Amesbury Abbey) followed by the nuns of Fontevrault Abbey, France before the Dissolution of the Monasteries.[3] The ecclesiastical parish of Fawley once had its own benefice, which following appropriation (which took place before 1086) became a vicarage however its need for its own minister ceased and the area's Church of England priest today is the rector of Great Shefford ministering to the rural benefice of West Downland.[5] Its patrons were in 1870 Mr. and Mrs. Wroughton.[6]

Edmund de Polhampton, lord of the south manor, died in 1353 of wounds received in a quarrel at Enborne and his eldest son Richard sold the manor in 1364 to Edmund Chelrey or Childrey.[3]

A Nicholas Radishe sold the south manor in 1594 to Francis Moore...of East Ilsley...knighted on 17 March 1616...M.P. for Boroughbridge in 1588–9...for Reading in 1597–8, 1601, 1604–11 and 1614. He obtained a grant of free warren in 1620 and died owning the manors of North and South Fawley on 21 September 1621...[on son,] Francis's death soon afterwards [these] passed to his brother Henry, who was created a baronet of Fawley on 18 May 1627 and ceased when Sir Thomas Moore died in 1807.[3]

The population in 1871 was 243 and the parish had 52 houses.[6]

In the nave of St Mary's, looking east towards the chancel

The Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin was designed by the architect George Edmund Street and built in 1865–66.[2] It has one stained glass window by William Morris.[2] The chancel has a reredos that includes a mosaic by Salviati and a Crucifixion carved by Thomas Earp.[2] It has been protected under the commonest category of listed building (Grade II).[7]

The church replaces a medieval one that stood slightly further east and was demolished in 1866.[8] The new church incorporates original Early English fragments that suggest the former church was at least partly late 12th or early 13th century.[8]

South Fawley Manor House is at the centre of that small settlement and is Grade II* listed. The staircase is oak with turned balusters and massive newels.[7] It was built by Sir Francis Moore (barrister) about 1614, but a considerable part at the north end had been taken down by 1900.[3] None of the other buildings in the parish are listed save a farm.[9] Richard Symonds (diarist) recorded the quartering [billeting] of Lord Bernard Stewart and his troop of the King's Life Guards at Little Fawley and 'the neate and faire habitacion [home] of the Lady Moore,' on 19 November 1644. He stated that the arms of Moore, with the motto 'Regi et legi' were then painted over the porch, together with Moore impaling Twittye, and the motto 'Suum cuique pulchrum.'[3]

Fawley is the inspiration for "Marygreen" of Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure. Jude's surname was Fawley, and he set the novel there because it was the home of Hardy's grandmother, who had a very depressing childhood. The house in which she lived is now called Jude Cottage.[10]

William Bradshaw, D.D., vicar of Fawley (1717–1723), served equally as Bishop of Bristol and Dean of Christ Church, Oxford for the remaining six years of his life.

Of its 68 homes in 2011, 24 were privately let, the most common category in this parish. Further land use statistics were as follows:

Notes

References

• Pevsner, Nikolaus (1966). Berkshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. p. 148.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fawley, Berkshire.

• Royal Berkshire History: Fawley