Fritz Katzmann

Fritz Katzmann, also known as Friedrich Katzmann, (6 May 1906 – 19 September 1957) was a German SS and police official during the Nazi era. He perpetrated genocide in the cities of Katowice, Radom, Lemberg (Lwów), Danzig (Gdańsk), and across the Nazi German District of Galicia during the Holocaust in occupied Poland, making him a major figure during the Holocaust there.[1]

Fritz Katzmann
Janowska concentration camp official visit. Right: Heinrich Himmler. Next to him: Fritz Katzmann. Left: camp commandant Friedrich Warzok
Born6 May 1906
Langendreer
Died19 September 1957 (1957-09-20) (aged 51)
Darmstadt
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Schutzstaffel
RankSS-Gruppenführer
Unit SS-Totenkopfverbände
Commands heldDistrict of Galicia

Katzmann was responsible for many of the atrocities that were perpetrated by the SS during Operation Barbarossa. He personally directed the slaughter of between 55,000 and 65,000 Jews of Lemberg in 1941-1942 followed by mass deportations to death camps including Janowska (pictured). In 1943, Katzmann wrote a top-secret report summarizing Operation Reinhard in Galicia. The Katzmann Report is now considered one of the most important pieces of evidence of the extermination process. He managed to escape prosecution after the war, living under a false identity.[2]

Life

Born in Langendreer, Westphalia into a family of a coal miner, Katzmann was a carpenter before he lost his job and joined the SA in December 1927. He joined the NSDAP in September 1928 (# 98,528) and the SS on July 1, 1930 (# 3,065). His career rapidly advanced: 20 August 1931 he was commissioned as an SS 2nd Lieutenant, and, on 1 December 1932, promoted to SS Captain. He became SS Major on 30 January 1933, promoted to SS Colonel on 17 August 1934.

He married, moved to Berlin and became the commander of the SS 75. Standarte “Widukind” on 4 April 1934. Katzmann participated in the murders of the Night of the Long Knives.[1] He became the NSDAP member of the Reichstag, and, from 21 March 1938, served as commander of SS Section VI Breslau (Wrocław).[3]

World War II

Following the invasion of Poland, Katzmann led Selbstschutz executioners during murder operations in Wrocław,[3] and in Katowice,[1] and on November 30, 1939 became the Higher SS and Police Leader of occupied Radom. In the spring of 1940 he set up the Radom Ghetto for 32,000 Jews followed by wanton violence and plunder for personal gain.[1] He remained in Radom until Operation Barbarossa during which he was transferred to Lwów as the Higher SS and Police Leader (SSPF) Lemberg. He was promoted to SS Brig. General on 21 June 1941, and remained in Lwów until April 20, 1943.[3]

Katzmann became Higher SS and Police Leader for District of Galicia in August 1941 and a month later was promoted to general of the Police. In October 1941, he ordered Jews to work on building Durchgangsstrasse IV, a major military road from Lwów to Stalino (now Donetsk).[4] Katzmann ordered the slaughter of 55,000–65,000 Jewish men, women and children in the same year. On his orders the Lwów Ghetto was formed in November 1941 resulting in relocation of some 80,000 Jews. He set up a kindergarten for ghetto children with cocoa and milk and secretly murdered them all in one outing.[1] He organized transports from Lwów to Belzec extermination camp as soon as the gassing operations started. By the end of 1942, the ghetto population was reduced from 120,000–140,000 inmates to 40,000.[1] On 5–7 January 1943, 15,000 more Jews were murdered along with members of the Judenrat. Katzmann was promoted to SS and Police Lieutenant General on 30 January 1943 and by midyear had produced a death toll of 143,000 more people in his district.

On 30 June 1943, Katzmann delivered his leatherbound Katzmann Report to the SS and Police Chief in occupied Kraków. He declared in it: “Galicia is Judenfrei!” He was transferred to Gdańsk on 20 April 1943 with the rank of Higher SS and Police Leader Danzig-West Prussia,[1] in time for the installation of gas chambers and crematoria at the Stutthof concentration camp.[5] Katzmann brought Ukrainian auxiliaries with him.[6]

In July 1944, Katzmann was made Major General of the Waffen-SS and tasked with the final liquidation of the Stutthof camp with all of its sub-camps, ahead of the Soviet advance. Gassing with Zyklon B began already in June. Until that point, Stutthof prisoners were considered important for German armaments production with Focke-Wulf workshop churning out airplane parts right at the main camp. Stutthof had 105 sub-camps located as far as Thorn (Toruń) and Elbing (Elbląg).[6]

Katzmann completed his job when Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945, and vanished. He lived in Darmstadt as Bruno Albrecht. His wife and five children never heard from him. He revealed his identity to a hospital priest chaplain shortly before his death on 19 September 1957.[7]

See also

Notes
  1. Claudia Koonz (2 November 2005). "SS Man Katzmann's "Solution of the Jewish Question in the District of Galicia"" (PDF). The Raul Hilberg Lecture. University of Vermont: 2, 11, 16–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  2. Wendy Lower (2011). Katzmann Report. The Diary of Samuel Golfard and the Holocaust in Galicia. Rowman Altamira. p. 101. ISBN 9780759120808. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  3. Waldemar „Scypion” Sadaj (27 January 2010). "Fritz Friedrich Katzmann profile". SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS und Polizei. Allgemeine SS & Waffen-SS. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  4. Arad, Yitzhak (2009). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. Translated by Ora Cummings. University of Nebraska Press. p. 227. ISBN 9780803220591.
  5. Holocaust Database (2015). "Stutthof - Sztutowo (Poland)". Forgotten camps: Stutthof Concentration Camp, Poland. JewishGen. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  6. Holocaust Encyclopedia (20 June 2014). "Stutthof". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  7. Thomas Sandkühler: Endlösung in Galizien. Der Judenmord in Ostpolen und die Rettungsinitiativen von Berthold Beitz 1941-1944, Bonn 1996, S. 426ff.

References
  • Ruth Bettina Birn: Die Höheren SS- und Polizeiführer. Himmlers Vertreter im Reich und in den besetzten Gebieten. Düsseldorf 1986. ISBN 3-7700-0710-7
  • Joseph Wulf: Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker. Wiesbaden 1989. ISBN 3-598-04603-0
  • Institut für Nationales Gedenken: Lösung der Judenfrage im Distrikt Galizien / Solving the Jewish Question in the District of Galicia. (dt., engl., poln. - der Katzmann-Report)
  • The Katzmann Report. Excerpt in English YadVashem.org
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