Godzilla (franchise)

The Godzilla (ゴジラ, Gojira) franchise is a Japanese media franchise created and owned by Toho, centered on the fictional kaiju character Godzilla. It is the longest-running film franchise, having been in ongoing production from 1954, with several hiatuses of varying lengths.[11] The film franchise consists of 36 films; 32 produced by Toho, and four by the American studios TriStar Pictures and Legendary Pictures.

For other uses, see Godzilla (disambiguation).
Godzilla (franchise)
Theatrical release poster for Godzilla (1954).
Studios
No. of films36
Years active1954–present
Main characterGodzilla
First filmGodzilla (1954)
Latest filmGodzilla vs. Kong (2021)
Genre(s)Kaiju[8]
Tokusatsu[9]
Science fiction[10]
CountryJapan
United States

The first film, Godzilla, was directed by Ishirō Honda and released by Toho in 1954. It became an influential classic of the genre. It featured political and social undertones relevant to Japan at the time. The original introduced an acclaimed music score by Akira Ifukube, reused in many later films. The original also introduced the work of special effects master Eiji Tsuburaya, who used miniatures and "suitmation" to convey the large scale of the monster and its destruction. For its North American release, the film was reworked as an adaptation and released in 1956 as Godzilla, King of the Monsters!. The adaptation featured new footage with Raymond Burr edited together with the original Japanese footage.

The popularity of the films has led to the franchise expanding to other media, such as television, music, literature and video games. Godzilla has been one of the most recognizable symbols in Japanese pop culture worldwide, remains a well-known facet of Japanese films and was one of the first examples of the popular kaiju and tokusatsu subgenres in Japanese entertainment.

The tone and themes vary per film. Several of the films have political themes, others have dark tones, complex internal mythology, or are simple action movies featuring aliens or other monsters, while others have simpler themes accessible to children.[12] Godzilla's role varies from purely a destructive force to an ally of humans, or a protector of Japanese values, or a hero to children. The name Godzilla is a romanization of the original Japanese name Gojira (ゴジラ)—which is a combination of two Japanese words: gorira (ゴリラ), "gorilla", and kujira (クジラ), "whale". The word alludes to the size, power and aquatic origin of Godzilla. As developed by Toho, the monster is an offshoot of the combination of radioactivity and ancient dinosaur-like creatures, indestructible and possessing special powers (see Godzilla characteristics).

History

The Godzilla film series is broken into several (different) eras reflecting a characteristic style and corresponding to the same eras used to classify all kaiju eiga (monster movies) in Japan. The first, second, and fourth eras refer to the Japanese emperor during production: the Shōwa era, the Heisei era, and the Reiwa era. The third is called the Millennium era, as the emperor (Heisei) is the same but these films are considered to have a different style and storyline than the Heisei era.

Over the series' history, the films have reflected the social and political climate in Japan.[13] In the original film, Godzilla was an allegory for the effects of the hydrogen bomb, and the consequences that such weapons might have on Earth.[14][15][16][17] The radioactive contamination of the Japanese fishing boat Lucky Dragon No. 5 through the United States' Castle Bravo thermonuclear device test on Bikini Atoll on March 1, 1954, led to much press coverage in Japan preceding the release of the first movie in 1954.[18] The Heisei and Millennium series have largely continued this concept. Toho was inspired to make the original Godzilla film after the commercial success of the 1952 re-release of King Kong and the success of The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), the first live-action film to feature a giant monster awakened following an atomic bomb detonation.[19] The success of the Godzilla franchise itself would go on to inspire other monster films worldwide.

Shōwa era (1954–1975)
Every film incarnation of Godzilla between 1954 and 2017

The initial series of movies is named for the Shōwa period in Japan (as all of these films were produced before the "Shōwa Emperor" Hirohito's death in 1989).[20] This Shōwa timeline spanned from 1954, with Godzilla, to 1975, with Terror of Mechagodzilla. With the exceptions of Godzilla, Godzilla Raids Again, Mothra vs. Godzilla, Destroy All Monsters, and Terror of Mechagodzilla, much of the Shōwa series monster-action was intentionally made comical and laughable for children, with Godzilla frequently engaged in clownish slapstick wrestling with other monsters. Starting with Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster, Godzilla began evolving into a friendlier, more playful antihero (this transition was complete by Son of Godzilla, where Godzilla is depicted as a more virtuous character) and, as years went by, it evolved into an anthropomorphic superhero.

Ghidorah the Three-Headed Monster was also significant for introducing Godzilla's archenemy and the main antagonist of the film series, King Ghidorah. The films Son of Godzilla and All Monsters Attack were aimed at youthful audiences, featuring the appearance of Godzilla's son, Minilla. Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla was notable for introducing Godzilla's robot duplicate and the secondary antagonist of the film series, Mechagodzilla. The Shōwa period loosely tied in to a number of Toho-produced films in which Godzilla himself did not appear and consequently saw the addition of many monsters into the Godzilla continuity, three of which (Rodan, Varan, and Mothra) originated in their own solo movies and another five (Anguirus, Manda, Baragon, Gorosaurus and Kumonga) appeared in their first films as either secondary antagonists or secondary kaiju.

Haruo Nakajima mainly portrayed Godzilla since 1954 until his retirement in 1972. However, other stunt actors have portrayed the character in his absence, such as Katsumi Tezuka, Yū Sekida, Ryosaku Takasugi, Seiji Onaka, Shinji Takagi, Isao Zushi, and Toru Kawai.[21][22] Eiji Tsuburaya directed the special effects for the first six films of the series. His protege Sadamasa Arikawa took over the effects work for the next three films (with Tsuburaya supervising), while Teruyoshi Nakano directed the special effects for the last six films of the series. The Criterion Collection released the Shōwa era films as part of a Blu-ray box set in the United States and Canada on October 29, 2019.[23]

Heisei era (1984–1995)

Toho rebooted the series in 1984 with The Return of Godzilla, starting the second era of Godzilla films, known as the Heisei series.[24] The Return of Godzilla serves as a direct sequel to the original 1954 film and ignores the subsequent events of the Showa era. The Return of Godzilla was released in 1984, five years before the new Emperor, but is considered part of this era, as it is a direct predecessor to Godzilla vs. Biollante (1989), which came out in the first year of the new Emperor's reign.[25]

The Heisei films are set in a single timeline, with each film providing continuity to the other films, and brings Godzilla back as a destructive force of nature that is feared by humans.[24] The biological nature and science behind Godzilla became a much more discussed issue in the films, showing the increased focus on the moral aspects of genetics. Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah gave the first concrete birth story for Godzilla, featuring a dinosaur named Godzillasaurus that was mutated by nuclear radiation into Godzilla. Godzilla was portrayed by Kenpachiro Satsuma for the Heisei films while the special effects were directed by Koichi Kawakita, with the exception of The Return of Godzilla, for which the effects were directed by Teruyoshi Nakano.

Millennium era (1999–2004)

Toho rebooted the franchise for a second time with the 1999 film Godzilla 2000: Millennium starting the third era of Godzilla films, known as the Millennium series.[26] The Millennium series is treated similarly to an anthology series where each film is a standalone story, with the 1954 film serving as the only previous point of reference. Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla and Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. are the only films in the series to share continuity with each other.

After the release of 2004's Godzilla: Final Wars, marking the 50th anniversary of the Godzilla film franchise, Toho decided to put the series on hiatus for another 10 years. Toho also demolished the water stage on its lot used in numerous Godzilla, kaiju and tokusatsu films.[27] Yoshimitsu Banno, who had directed 1971's Godzilla vs. Hedorah, secured the rights from Toho to make an IMAX 3D short film production, based on a story similar to his Hedorah film. This project eventually led to the development of Legendary's Godzilla. Tsutomu Kitagawa portrayed Godzilla for the majority of the Millennium films, with the exception of Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack, in which Godzilla was portrayed by Mizuho Yoshida. Unlike the Showa and later Heisei films, the special effects for the Millennium films were directed by multiple effects directors such as Kenji Suzuki (Godzilla 2000, Godzilla vs. Megaguirus), Makoto Kamiya (Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack), Yuichi Kikuchi (Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla), and Eiichi Asada (Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S., Godzilla: Final Wars).

Reiwa era (2016–present)
Main articles: Shin Godzilla, Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters, Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle, Godzilla: The Planet Eater, and Godzilla Singular Point
The Reiwa iterations of Godzilla

In December 2014, Toho announced plans for a new Godzilla film of their own for a 2016 release.[28] The film is intended to be Toho's own reboot of the Godzilla franchise and is co-directed by Hideaki Anno and Shinji Higuchi (both who collaborated on the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion), with the screenplay written by Anno and the special effects directed by Higuchi.[29][30][31] Principal photography began on September and ended in October with the special effects work following in November that year.[32][33] Shin Godzilla was released in Japan on July 29, 2016 in IMAX, 4DX, and MX4D to positive reviews and was a box office success.[34]

In August 2016, Toho announced plans for a trilogy of anime Godzilla films with Polygon Pictures animating the films and Netflix distributing the trilogy worldwide, except in Japan where each film will be given a theatrical release by Toho.[35][36] The first film, titled Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters, was released on November 17, 2017.[37] The second film, titled Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle, was released on May 18, 2018.[38] The third and final film in the trilogy, titled Godzilla: The Planet Eater, was released on November 9, 2018.[39]

In January 2018, Toho announced its plans to invest ¥15 billion (US$135 million ) for the next three years beginning in 2019 to co-produce content with Hollywood and Chinese studios who have licensed Toho's properties, such as Godzilla, Your Name and Pokémon. Toho will invest 25% in production costs and will earn a higher share in revenue and manage creators rights, so their creative input will be shown in each work.[40] In May 2018, Toho's Chief Godzilla Officer Keiji Ota revealed that a sequel to Shin Godzilla will not happen, but revealed plans for a "World of Godzilla", a shared cinematic universe between Godzilla and other Toho monsters after 2021. Ota cited the Marvel Cinematic Universe as an influence, with plans to release a new film every one to two years.[41] Ota stated:

"After 2021, we’re thinking of a potential strategy that [releases] Godzilla movies uninterrupted at a rate of every two years, although there is a preference for a yearly pace as well. The future of the series and its forwarding developments are very conscious of the method of "shared universe". Godzilla, Mothra, King Ghidorah, etc. could all share a single world view much like a Marvel movie where Iron Man and the Hulk can crossover with each other. It is said that each movie can be a possible film production where any one of them could lead a film of their own as the titular character." – Keiji Ota, translated from Nikkei style.[41][42]

Although Reiwa period in Japan began on May 1, 2019, Shin Godzilla and anime trilogy of Godzilla films are part of this era which began with former film in 2016.

In 2019, Toho invested ¥15.4 billion (US$140 million ) into their Los Angeles-based subsidiary Toho International Inc. as part of their "Toho Vision 2021 Medium-term Management Strategy", a strategy to increase content, platform, real-estate, surpass ¥50 billion in profits, and increase character businesses on Toho intellectual properties such as Godzilla. Hiroyasu Matsuoka was named the representative director of the project.[43] In 2019, Toho launched the first official English website and the first official English Twitter and Instagram for the franchise.[44][45]

In June 2019, Toho revealed plans to present the Toho Godzilla at the San Diego Comic-Con for the first time to commemorate the franchise's 65th anniversary, as well as being part of their plan to expand the franchise in the United States.[46] At the San Diego Comic-Con, Akito Takahashi, the project manager of Toho's Godzilla Strategic Conference, revealed Toho's intentions to have the Toho and Legendary Godzilla films expand together. He also revealed that the option to reintroduce political themes and old or new monsters would be available to filmmakers, should they choose to pursue it. Akito also expressed interest in re-introducing Mechagodzilla and Jet Jaguar in the future.[47][48]

In October 2020, Toho announced plans for an anime series titled Godzilla Singular Point to be released on Netflix in 2021, revealing artwork for Godzilla and principal characters. The project will be directed by Atsushi Takahashi, music by Kan Sawada, written by Toh Enjoe, character designs by Kazue Kato, and animations by Eiji Yamamori. The series will be produced by Bones Inc. in partnership with Orange Co., Ltd, will feature hand-drawn and CG animation, and will have no relation to Polygon's anime film trilogy.[49]

American films
Storyboard by William Stout for Steve Miner's unproduced 3D Godzilla film
Main articles: Godzilla, King of the Monsters! and Godzilla: King of the Monsters in 3D

In the 1980s, filmmaker Steve Miner pitched his idea for an American 3D production of Godzilla to Toho, with storyboards by William Stout and a script written by Fred Dekker, titled Godzilla: King of the Monsters in 3D, which featured Godzilla destroying San Francisco in an attempt to find its only offspring.[50] Various studios and producers showed interest in the project, but passed it over due to high budget concerns.[51] The film would have featured a full scale animatronic Godzilla head built by Rick Baker, stop motion animation executed by David W. Allen, an articulated stop motion Godzilla figure created by Stephen Czerkas, and additional storyboards by Doug Wildey. The production design would have been overseen by William Stout.[52][53]

TriStar Pictures (1998–2000)
Main articles: Godzilla (1998 film) and Godzilla: The Series
TriStar's Godzilla in Godzilla (1998)

In October 1992, TriStar Pictures acquired the rights from Toho with plans to produce a trilogy.[5] Director Jan de Bont and writers Terry Rossio and Ted Eliott developed a script that had Godzilla battling a shape-shifting alien called "the Gryphon". De Bont later left the project after budget disagreements with the studio.[54] Roland Emmerich was hired to direct and co-write a new script with producer Dean Devlin.

Godzilla was theatrically released on May 20, 1998 to negative reviews[55][56] and grossed $379 million worldwide against a production budget between $130–150 million.[57] While the film turned a profit, it was considered a box office disappointment.[58][59] Two planned sequels were cancelled and an animated TV series was produced instead which, unlike the film, was well received by fans.[60] TriStar let the license expire in 2003. In 2004, Toho began trademarking new iterations of TriStar's Godzilla as "Zilla", with only the incarnations from the 1998 film and animated TV series retaining the Godzilla copyright/trademark.[56][61]

Legendary Pictures (2014–present)
Main articles: MonsterVerse, Godzilla (2014 film), Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film), and Godzilla vs. Kong
Legendary's Godzilla in Godzilla (2014)

In 2004, director Yoshimitsu Banno acquired permission from Toho to produce a short IMAX Godzilla film. In 2009, the project was turned over to Legendary Pictures to be redeveloped as a feature film.[62][63][64] Announced in March 2010, the film was co-produced with Warner Bros. Pictures and was directed by Gareth Edwards.[6][65]

Godzilla was theatrically released on May 16, 2014 to positive reviews[66][67] and was a box office success, grossing $529 million worldwide against a production budget of $160 million.[68] The film's success prompted Toho to produce a reboot of their own and Legendary to proceed with sequels and a shared cinematic franchise,[69] with Godzilla: King of the Monsters released on May 31, 2019,[70] and Godzilla vs. Kong set to be released on March 26, 2021.[71]

Filmography

From 1954 through 2019, there have been 32 Godzilla films produced by Toho in Japan. There have been four American productions: Godzilla (1998) produced by TriStar Pictures, and Godzilla (2014), Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019), and Godzilla vs. Kong (2021) produced by Legendary Entertainment in partnership with Warner Bros. Pictures.

Toho films
# Title Year Director(s) Effects director Monster co-star(s) Current U.S. licenses
Shōwa era (1954–1975)
1

Godzilla

 1954 Ishirō Honda Eiji Tsuburaya None The Criterion Collection
2

Godzilla Raids Again

 1955 Motoyoshi Oda Anguirus
3 King Kong vs. Godzilla 1962 Ishirō Honda King Kong, the Oodako[lower-alpha 1] Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
The Criterion Collection[23]
4

Mothra vs. Godzilla

 1964 Mothra The Criterion Collection[23]
5

Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster

 King Ghidorah, Rodan, Mothra
6

Invasion of Astro-Monster

 1965 King Ghidorah, Rodan
7

Ebirah, Horror of the Deep

 1966 Jun Fukuda Sadamasa Arikawa Ebirah, Mothra, the Ookondoru[lower-alpha 2]
8 Son of Godzilla 1967 Minilla, Kumonga, Kamacuras
9 Destroy All Monsters 1968 Ishirō Honda King Ghidorah, Rodan, Mothra, Anguirus, Minilla, Kumonga, Manda, Gorosaurus, Baragon, Varan
10

All Monsters Attack

 1969 Ishirō Honda Gabara, Minilla
11

Godzilla vs. Hedorah

 1971 Yoshimitsu Banno Teruyoshi Nakano Hedorah
12

Godzilla vs. Gigan

 1972 Jun Fukuda Gigan, King Ghidorah, Anguirus
13 Godzilla vs. Megalon 1973 Megalon, Jet Jaguar, Gigan, Anguirus, Rodan
14

Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla

 1974 Mechagodzilla, King Caesar, Anguirus
15

Terror of Mechagodzilla

 1975 Ishirō Honda Mechagodzilla 2, Titanosaurus
Heisei era (1984–1995)
16

The Return of Godzilla

 1984 Koji Hashimoto Teruyoshi Nakano Shockirus[lower-alpha 3] (Giant Sea Lice)[76] Kraken Releasing
17 Godzilla vs. Biollante 1989 Kazuki Ōmori Koichi Kawakita Biollante Miramax
18 Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah 1991 King Ghidorah, Mecha-King Ghidorah, the Dorats, Godzillasaurus Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
19

Godzilla vs. Mothra

 1992 Takao Okawara Mothra, Battra
20

Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II

 1993 Mechagodzilla, Super Mechagodzilla, Rodan, Fire Rodan, Baby Godzilla
21 Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla 1994 Kensho Yamashita SpaceGodzilla, Moguera, Fairy Mothra, Little Godzilla
22

Godzilla vs. Destoroyah

 1995 Takao Okawara Destoroyah, Godzilla Junior
Millennium era (1999–2004)
23

Godzilla 2000: Millennium

 1999 Takao Okawara Kenji Suzuki Orga, the Millennian Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
24

Godzilla vs. Megaguirus

 2000 Masaaki Tezuka Megaguirus, the Meganulons, the Meganulas
25

Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack

 2001 Shusuke Kaneko Makoto Kamiya King Ghidorah, Mothra, Baragon
26

Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla

 2002 Masaaki Tezuka Yûichi Kikuchi Mechagodzilla[lower-alpha 4]
27

Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.

 2003 Eiichi Asada Mechagodzilla,[lower-alpha 5] Mothra, Kamoebas
28 Godzilla: Final Wars 2004 Ryuhei Kitamura Monster X, Keizer Ghidorah, Zilla, Rodan, Mothra, Gigan, King Caesar, Anguirus, Minilla, Kumonga, Kamacuras, Manda, Hedorah, Ebirah
Reiwa era (2016–present)[lower-alpha 6]
29

Shin Godzilla

 2016 Hideaki Anno
Shinji Higuchi		 Shinji Higuchi None Funimation[lower-alpha 7]
30

Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters

 2017 Kōbun Shizuno
Hiroyuki Seshita		 N/A Servum, Dogora, Dagahra, Orga, Kamacuras, Anguirus, Rodan, Mechagodzilla Netflix
31 Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle 2018 Mechagodzilla City, Servum, Vulture
32 Godzilla: The Planet Eater King Ghidorah, Mothra, Servum

American films
# Title Year Director(s) Effects director Monster co-star(s) Current U.S. licenses
TriStar Pictures (1998)
1 Godzilla 1998 Roland Emmerich Volker Engel Baby Godzillas Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
Legendary Pictures / MonsterVerse (2014–present)
2 Godzilla 2014 Gareth Edwards Jim Rygiel MUTO (male and female) Warner Bros. Home Entertainment
3 Godzilla: King of the Monsters 2019 Michael Dougherty Guillaume Rocheron King Ghidorah, Mothra, Rodan, King Kong (archival footage), Queen MUTO, Behemoth, Methuselah, Scylla[80]
4 Godzilla vs. Kong 2021 Adam Wingard John "DJ" DesJardin King Kong, Warbat,[81] Hell Hawk[82]

Guest appearances

In 2007, a CGI Godzilla appeared in the Toho slice of life movie Always Zoku Sanchōme no Yūhi (Always: Sunset on Third Street 2). In an imaginary sequence, Godzilla destroys part of 1959 Tokyo, with one of the main protagonists getting angry that Godzilla damaged his car showroom. The making of the sequence was kept a secret. Godzilla has been referenced in, and has briefly appeared in, several other films.[83][84] Godzilla guest starred in the show Crayon Shin-chan as an antagonist.[85] Godzilla also appears in cave paintings (alongside Rodan, Mothra and King Ghidorah) in a post-credits scene in Kong: Skull Island. In 2019, Snow Godzilla made an appearance in the anime film Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion the Movie: Mirai Kara Kita Shinsoku no ALFA-X.[86]

Localized releases

In 1956, Jewell Enterprises Inc., released a localized version of Godzilla (referred to as an "Americanized")[87] as Godzilla, King of the Monsters!. This version removed most of the political themes and social commentaries, resulting in 30 minutes of footage from the Japanese version replaced with new footage featuring Raymond Burr interacting with Japanese actors and look-alikes to make it seem like Burr was a part of the original Japanese production. In addition, the soundtrack and sound effects were slightly altered and some dialogue was dubbed into English.

In 1957, Harry Rybnick attempted to produce The Volcano Monsters, a film that would have localized Godzilla Raids Again by using its monster footage mixed with new footage featuring additional effects and American actors to create a new film; however, funding from AB-PT Pictures collapsed after the company closed down and Godzilla Raids Again was instead re-cut, dubbed in English, and released in 1959 by Warner Bros. as Gigantis the Fire Monster.[88] Similar localizations (or "Americanizations") occurred for the North American releases of King Kong vs. Godzilla and Godzilla 1985, the latter which included Burr reprising his role from the localized Godzilla, King of the Monsters!.

In 1976, Italian director Luigi Cozzi intended to re-release Godzilla in Italy. Facing resistance from exhibitors to showing a black-and-white film, Cozzi instead licensed a negative of Godzilla, King of the Monsters from Toho and created a new movie in color, adding much stock footage of graphic death and destruction and short scenes from newsreel footage from World War II, which he released as Godzilla in 1977. The film was colorized using a process called Spectrorama 70, where color gels are put on the original black-and-white film, becoming one of the first black-and-white movies to be colorized. Dialogue was dubbed into Italian and new music was added. After the initial Italian run, the negative became Toho's property and prints have only been exhibited in Italy from that time onward. Italian firm Yamato Video at one time intended to release the colorized version on a two-disc DVD along with the original Godzilla.[89][90][91]

# Title Year Director(s) Effects director Monster co-star(s) Current U.S. licenses
1 Godzilla, King of the Monsters! 1956 Ishirō Honda
Terry O. Morse		 Eiji Tsuburaya None The Criterion Collection
2 King Kong vs. Godzilla 1963 Ishirō Honda
Thomas Montgomery		 King Kong, the Oodako[lower-alpha 8] Universal Pictures Home Entertainment
The Criterion Collection[23]
3 Godzilla 1976 Ishirō Honda
Luigi Cozzi		 None N/A
4 Godzilla 1985 1985 Koji Hashimoto
R.J. Kizer		 Teruyoshi Nakano Shockirus[lower-alpha 9] (Giant Sea Lice)[76] N/A[lower-alpha 10]

Reception

Box office performance

Below is a chart listing the number of tickets sold for each Godzilla film in Japan including the imported American films, along with their gross revenue in Japan and outside of Japan. The films are listed from the most attended to the least attended. Almost all of the 1960s films were reissued, so the lifetime number of tickets sold is listed with the initial release ticket numbers mentioned in notes.

By 1974, the first thirteen films had grossed $130 million in overseas box office revenue outside of Japan.[93][94][95] In 1977, James Robert Parish and Michael R. Pitts reported that the first 13 films had grossed over $130 million outside of Japan and estimated that they also grossed more than $130 million within Japan.[96] In 1980, Edward Edelson estimated that the Godzilla films in the 1970s each cost $1.2 million to produce and each grossed about $20 million at the box office.[97] In 2016, Travis Bean estimated that the first 13 films up until 1973 had grossed $163 million in Japan and $130.6 million overseas for a worldwide total of $293.6 million ,[98] equivalent to between $1.7 billion and $2.8 billion adjusted for inflation.

Toho's first 28 Godzilla films (excluding the American productions) up until Final Wars (2004) had sold over 99.29 million tickets in Japan.[99][100] Adjusted for inflation, 99.29 million Japanese ticket sales are equivalent to a gross revenue of $1.8 billion at an average 2014 Japanese ticket price.[101] It was the highest-grossing film series in Japan, up until it was surpassed by the anime film series Doraemon when it exceeded 100 million ticket sales in 2013.[102] With the release of Shin Godzilla (2016), Toho's Godzilla film series (excluding the Hollywood productions) had sold more than 100 million tickets at the Japanese box office.[99][100]

Toho productions
Film Year Ticket sales
(Japan)		 Box office gross revenue (est.)
Japan Other territories[lower-alpha 11] Worldwide
Godzilla 1954 9,610,000[103] ¥183,000,000 R[104] $132,638,492[lower-alpha 13] $295,638,492[lower-alpha 14]
Godzilla, King of the Monsters! 1956
Godzilla Raids Again 1955 8,340,000[109] ¥170,000,000R[110]
King Kong vs. Godzilla 1962 12,600,000[111][lower-alpha 15] ¥430,000,000R[110]
Mothra vs. Godzilla 1964 7,220,000[112][lower-alpha 16] ¥3,192,000,000[lower-alpha 17]
Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster 1964 5,410,000[109][lower-alpha 18] ¥390,000,000R[110]
Invasion of Astro-Monster 1965 5,130,000[109][lower-alpha 19] ¥410,000,000R[110]
Ebirah, Horror of the Deep 1966 4,210,000[109][lower-alpha 20] ¥330,000,000R[110]
Son of Godzilla 1967 3,090,000[114][lower-alpha 21] ¥260,000,000R[110]
Destroy All Monsters 1968 2,580,000[114][115] ¥230,000,000R[110]
All Monsters Attack 1969 1,480,000[114] ¥260,000,000R[110]
Godzilla vs. Hedorah 1971 1,740,000[114] ¥300,000,000R[110]
Godzilla vs. Gigan 1972 1,800,000[116] ¥320,000,000R[110]
Godzilla vs. Megalon 1973 980,000[114] ¥490,000,000[114][113] $18,200,000[lower-alpha 22] $20,000,000[97]
Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla 1974 1,330,000+[114][lower-alpha 23] $17,022,958[lower-alpha 24] $17,100,000[98] $34,122,958[lower-alpha 25]
Terror of Mechagodzilla 1975 970,000[114] ¥730,000,000[114][113] $17,500,000[lower-alpha 26] $20,000,000[97]
The Return of Godzilla 1984 3,200,000[120] ¥2,890,000,000[121] $11,000,000J[122]
Godzilla 1985 1985 $4,116,710U[123] $4,116,710U
Godzilla vs. Biollante 1989 2,000,000[114] ¥1,770,000,000[124] $12,800,000J[125]
Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah 1991 2,700,000[114] ¥3,190,000,000J[114][113] $25,200,000J[126]
Godzilla vs. Mothra 1992 4,200,000[120] ¥3,770,000,000[127] $33,900,000J[128]
Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II 1993 3,800,000[109] ¥3,180,000,000[129] $31,100,000J[128]
Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla 1994 3,400,000[114] ¥2,810,000,000[130] $4,500,000[lower-alpha 28] $32,000,000[lower-alpha 27]
Godzilla vs. Destoroyah 1995 4,000,000[109][120] ¥3,500,000,000[131] $42,000,000[lower-alpha 29]
Godzilla 2000: Millennium 1999 2,000,000[120] ¥1,650,000,000 [132] $12,924,063[133] $27,924,063[134]
Godzilla vs. Megaguirus 2000 1,350,000[120] ¥1,200,000,000 [135] $10,000,000J[136]
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack 2001 2,400,000[114] ¥2,710,000,000 [137] $20,000,000J[138]
Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla 2002 1,700,000[139] ¥1,910,000,000 [140] $16,000,000J[141]
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. 2003 1,100,000[120] ¥1,300,000,000 [142] $22,724,345[143]
Godzilla: Final Wars 2004 1,500,000[120] ¥1,260,000,000 [144] $9,167,302[145] $21,167,302[146]
Shin Godzilla 2016 5,690,000[147] ¥8,250,000,000 [148] $2,649,796[149] $78,053,145[149]
Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters 2017 260,000[150][113] ¥342,349,800 [150] $234,443[151] $3,285,291[152]
Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle 2018 73,000[153] ¥100,000,000 [153] $917,000J
Godzilla: The Planet Eater 2018 130,000[154][113] ¥171,859,045 [154] $1,523,168J[155]
Total 105,993,000 $546,076,642 $214,924,366 $761,001,008

R Distributor rental earnings only, not total box office gross receipts.
J Japan gross only.
U US gross only.

American productions
Film Year Box office gross revenue Ticket sales (est.) Budget
United States and Canada Other territories[lower-alpha 30] Worldwide Ref United States and Canada Other territories Worldwide
Godzilla 1998 $136,314,861 $242,700,000 $379,014,861 [156] 29,064,900[157] 23,110,156[lower-alpha 31] 52,175,056 $130–150 million[157][163]
Godzilla 2014 $200,676,069 $328,400,000 $529,076,069 [164] 24,107,800[165] 27,716,567[lower-alpha 32] 51,824,367 $160 million[171]
Godzilla: King of the Monsters 2019 $110,500,138 $276,100,000 $386,600,138 [172] 12,264,200[173] 32,640,459[lower-alpha 33] 44,904,659 $170–200 million[172][179]
Total $447,491,068 $603,740,459 $1,294,691,068 65,436,900 83,467,182 148,904,082 $460–510 million
Total box office (est.)
Japanese films American films Box office total
$761,001,008 $1,294,691,068 $2,055,692,076

Critical reception
Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic
Godzilla (1954) 93% (72 reviews)[180] 78% (20 reviews)[181]
Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956) 83% (24 reviews)[182] 60% (7 reviews)[183]
Godzilla Raids Again 56% (9 reviews)[184]
King Kong vs. Godzilla 47% (15 reviews)[185]
Mothra vs. Godzilla 92% (10 reviews)[186]
Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster 75% (12 reviews)[187]
Invasion of Astro-Monster N/A[188]
Ebirah, Horror of the Deep 57% (7 reviews)[189]
Son of Godzilla 60% (8 reviews)[190]
Destroy All Monsters 75% (7 reviews)[191]
All Monsters Attack 25% (8 reviews)[192]
Godzilla vs. Hedorah 58% (11 reviews)[193]
Godzilla vs. Gigan 67% (6 reviews)[194]
Godzilla vs. Megalon 38% (7 reviews)[195]
Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla 71% (6 reviews)[196]
Terror of Mechagodzilla 43% (7 reviews)[197]
The Return of Godzilla (a.k.a. Godzilla 1985) 20% (8 reviews)[198]
Godzilla vs. Biollante 71% (7 reviews)[199]
Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah 56% (9 reviews)[200]
Godzilla vs. Mothra 75% (6 reviews)[201]
Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II 83% (6 reviews)[202]
Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla 57% (7 reviews)[203]
Godzilla vs. Destoroyah 100% (5 reviews)[204]
Godzilla (1998) 16% (76 reviews)[205] 32 (23 reviews)[206]
Godzilla 2000: Millennium 57% (69 reviews)[207] 41 (23 reviews)[208]
Godzilla vs. Megaguirus 60% (5 reviews)[209]
Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack 63% (14 reviews)[210]
Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla N/A[211]
Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. 80% (5 reviews)[212]
Godzilla: Final Wars 45% (11 reviews)[213]
Godzilla (2014) 75% (315 reviews)[214] 62 (48 reviews)[215]
Shin Godzilla 86% (61 reviews)[216] 68 (14 reviews)[217]
Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters 80% (5 reviews)[218]
Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) 43% (311 reviews)[219] 48 (46 reviews)[220]

Other media

Television

In Japan, Godzilla appeared in five out of the 26 episodes of Toho's live-action television program Zone Fighter in 1973. Also in Japan, Godzilla (along with a plethora of other kaiju) appeared in an animated toy show called Godzilla Island that ran from 1997 to 1998.

In 1992, Toho produced a children's[221] educational television series titled Adventure! Godzilland (冒険！ゴジランド, Bōken! Gojirando), which featured both live-action and animated segments. The animated segments featured various characters from the Godzilla franchise in a chibi style,[222] including Godzilla, Anguirus, Rodan, Baragon, King Ghidorah, and Mothra, along with a pink female Godzilla known as Gojirin. The series aired on TV Tokyo and was followed by a second series, Adventure! Godzilland 2 (冒険！ゴジランド２, Bōken! Gojirando Tsū), in 1993. In 1994 and 1996, a series of four OVAs titled Get Going! Godzilland (すすめ！ゴジランド, Susume! Gojirando) were released on VHS by Gakken Video, and focused on teaching children how to read the hiragana alphabet and how to perform mathematics.

The success of the Godzilla franchise spawned two American Saturday morning cartoon TV series and an upcoming Anime series. The first one is the collaboration series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and co-produced by Toho, Godzilla.[223] The second one is the series produced by Sony Pictures Television, Godzilla: The Series, which is a cartoon sequel to the 1998 film.[224] Both series feature a scientific investigative team who call upon Godzilla as an ally, as well as making several homages to the Shōwa films. Several antagonist monsters in both series have been inspired by extant Toho creations. The third and upcoming series co-produced by Bones and Orange and licensed by Netflix will be Godzilla Singular Point, scheduled to be air in Japan in April 2021.

In 1991, two Godzilla films, Godzilla vs. Megalon and Godzilla versus the Sea Monster, were shown on the movie-mocking TV show Mystery Science Theater 3000.

A parody creature resembling Godzilla, alongside another parody character resembling what appears to be a hybrid between Ultraman and Kamen Rider, appears in the television special Olive, the Other Reindeer during the song "Merry Christmas After All", during part of which Olive, Santa and the other reindeer are shown passing through Tokyo delivering gifts. The two characters are shown to be friendly and taking part in the song and dance routine shown to include numerous figures, both real and fictional, in the show in various locations visited by the team as they make Santa's annual trip around the world.

Godzilla made an appearance in a Nike commercial in which Godzilla (this version was created at ILM) went one-on-one in an oversized basketball game with a giant version of the NBA star Charles Barkley.[225]

Godzilla has been referenced multiple times in the American animated TV sitcom The Simpsons. Godzilla first appeared in the episode "Lisa on Ice" when Lisa imagines herself on Monster Island and is chased by various kaiju, including Godzilla. It has also been referenced in "Treehouse of Horror VI", "Mayored to the Mob" (where Godzilla can be seen signing autographs at the Bi-Mon-Sci-Fi-Con), "Thirty Minutes over Tokyo" (in which the plane carrying the Simpson family is being attacked by Godzilla, Rodan, Mothra and Gamera), "Simpsons Tall Tales", "Treehouse of Horror XVI", "Homerazzi", "Wedding for Disaster", "The Real Housewives of Fat Tony", "Treehouse of Horror XXIV" and "Treehouse of Horror XXVI".

Title Year Monster Co-star(s) Licenses/Media
Zone Fighter 1973 Red Spark, Jikiro, Destro-King, Dorora, Wargilgar, Spyler, King Ghidorah, Dragon King, Gilmaras, Gelderah, Spideros, Garoga Gorilla, Shadorah, Shipdoror, Gigan, Barakidon, Garaborg, Detragon, Zandora, Mogranda, Balgaras, Gundarguirus, Goram, Jellar, Kastom Jellar, Super Jikiro, Bakugon, Needlar, Kabutogirah, Grotogauros Toho Video - DVD
Godzilla 1978–1979 Godzooky, Fire Bird, Earth Eater, Stone Guardians of Ramal, Megavolt Monsters, Seaweed Monsters, Energy Beast, Colossus, Cyclops Creature, Chimera, Minotaur, Magnetic Monster, Breeder Beast, Great Watchuka, Diplodocus, Time Dragon a.k.a. Allosaurus, Giant Squid, Giant Fly, Axor, Power Dragon, Giant Octopus, Cyborg Whale, Giant Venus' Flytrap, Giant Bees, Giant Dragonfly, Giant Ants, Giant Beetle, Giant Black Widow Spider, Moon Monster, Giant Magma Lizards, Macro-Spider Crab, Macro-Sea Turtle, Macro-Jellyfish, Macro-Tropical Fish, Macro-Sharks, Macro-Squids, Macro-Sea Horses, Macro-Electric Eels, Flying Macro-Manta Ray, Golden Guardians of Kyat-nor Classic Media - DVD (Season 1 (1978) available only under the title Godzilla: The Original Animated Series, with its 13 episodes on three volumes (episodes 1–4 on Volume 1, episodes 5–8 on Volume 2 and episodes 9–13 on Volume 3); Season 2 (1979), with episodes 14–26, currently unavailable)
Godzilla Island 1997–1998 Godzilla Junior, Mothra, Battra, Rodan, King Ghidorah, Mecha-King Ghidorah, Mechagodzilla, Anguirus, Gigan, Hedorah, SpaceGodzilla, Destoroyah, Baragon, King Caesar, Moguera, Megalon, Gorosaurus, Kamacuras, Jet Jaguar, Dogora Toho Video
Godzilla: The Series 1998–2000 Baby Godzilla, Crustaceous Rex, Giant Squids, Nanotech Creature, El Gusano Gigante, Cyber-Flies, Giant Rats, Cryptoclidus, Reptilians, Crackler, Queen Bee, Mutant Carnivorous Plants, Quetzalcoatl, Baby Quetzalcoatl, Ice Borers, Baby Ice Borers, Nessie a.k.a. the Loch Ness Monster, Baby Nessie, Giant Albino Yeti a.k.a. Robo-Yeti, King Cobra, Termite Queen, Giant Bat, Cyber-Godzilla, Chameleon, Bacillus, Giant Mutant Black Widow Spider, Techno-Sentient, Silver Hydra, D.N.A. Mimic, Lizard Slayers, Swamp Beast, Fire Monster, Norzzug the Iron Lion, Giant Mutant Hummingbirds, Medusa, Giant Gila Monster, Megapede a.k.a. Giant Cicada, Giant Centipede, Ts-eh-Go, Armillaria, Shrewster, Skeetera, D.R.A.G.M.A.s, Mutant Jellyfish, Komodithrax, Giant Turtle, Thorny Devil, Giant Armadillo, Desert Lizard, Desert Rat, Deep-Dweller, Rhinosaurus, Giant Water Beetle Mill Creek Entertainment – DVD (all 40 episodes, including two that never aired on TV during the original run, are available under the title Godzilla: The Series - The Complete Animated Series and in chronological order, in contrast to how the original broadcast order showed many episodes out of sequence)
Godziban 2019 Godzilla Junior, Mothra, Battra, Rodan, Anguirus, Gigan, Hedorah, Baragon, Jet Jaguar
Godzilla Singular Point 2021

Video games
Main article: List of Godzilla games

A game called Gojira-kun (which was originally going to be titled Gojiraland)[226] was released for the MSX in 1985. In 1990, Gojira-kun: Kaijū Daikōshin was released for the Game Boy. In 1993, Super Godzilla was released for the SNES.

In 2007, Godzilla: Unleashed was released for the Wii and DS. The 2014 video game Godzilla was released by Bandai Namco.[227] In the 2010s, Gojira and Godzilla 2600, homebrew fan-created games, were released for the NES and Atari 2600.

Literature
Main article: Godzilla (comics)

A Godzilla series of books was published by Random House during the late 1990s and the first half of 2000. The company created different series for different age groups, the Scott Ciencin series being aimed at preteens and the Marc Cerasini series being aimed at teens and young adults. Several manga have been derived from specific Godzilla films and both Marvel and Dark Horse have published Godzilla comic book series (1977–1979 and 1987–1999, respectively). In 2011, IDW Publishing started a new series, Godzilla: Kingdom of Monsters (published in book form under the same title), rebooting the Godzilla story. It was followed by two sequel series, Godzilla (published in book form as Godzilla: History's Greatest Monster) and Godzilla: Rulers of Earth (published in book form as Godzilla: Complete Rulers of Earth Volume 1 and Godzilla: Complete Rulers of Earth Volume 2), as well as seven five-issue miniseries to date.

To tie-in with the 2014 film, three books were published. Titan Books published a novelization of the movie in May 2014, written by Greg Cox. The graphic novel Godzilla: Awakening by Max Borenstein, Greg Borenstein and Eric Battle served as a prequel, and Godzilla: The Art of Destruction by Mark Cotta told about the making of the movie. Godzilla has been referenced in The Simpsons comics on three separate occasions. The character is featured in Bart Simpson's Guide to Life where it and other kaiju characters such as Minilla and King Ghidorah can be seen; it is featured in the comic "An Anime Among Us!" and K-Bart. Godzilla is also featured in the comic Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror 7 where it and other kaiju can be seen referenced on the front cover.

Music

Godzilla: The Album, the soundtrack album of Godzilla (1998), sold 2.5 million copies worldwide.[228] The album's lead single, "Come with Me" by Puff Daddy featuring Jimmy Page, sold a certified 2.025 million copies worldwide.[229] Its Japan-exclusive single, "Lose Control" by Japanese rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel, sold 938,401 copies in Japan.[230] Shin Godzilla Ongakushuu, the soundtrack album of Shin Godzilla (2016), sold 43,951 copies in Japan.[231] Mars (1991), an album by the Japanese rock duo B'z featuring a Godzilla-themed song, sold 1,730,500 copies in Japan.[232]

Blue Öyster Cult released the song "Godzilla" in 1977. It was the first track, and the second of four singles, from their fifth studio album Spectres (also 1977). Artists such as Fu Manchu, Racer X and Double Experience have included cover versions of this song on their albums. American musician Michale Graves wrote a song titled "Godzilla" for his 2005 album Punk Rock Is Dead. The lyrics mention Godzilla and several on-screen adversaries such as Mothra, Hedorah, Destoroyah and Gigan.[233] The Brazilian heavy metal band Sepultura has a song titled "Biotech is Godzilla" on its 1993 release Chaos A.D.[234]

Composer Eric Whitacre wrote a piece for wind ensemble titled "Godzilla Eats Las Vegas!" The work was commissioned by Thomas Leslie of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and was premiered in 1996 by the university's wind band. Annotations on the score instruct performers to dress in costume and a "script" is provided for the audience. Since the piece's premiere, it has been performed by notable ensembles including the United States Marine Band and the Scottish National Wind Symphony.[235]

The French death metal band Gojira named the band after Godzilla's name in Japanese.[236] The song "Simon Says" by Pharoahe Monch is a hip-hop remix of the "Godzilla March" theme song. The instrumental version of this song was notably used in the 2000 film Charlie's Angels. The British band Lostprophets released a song called "We Are Godzilla, You Are Japan" on its second studio album Start Something. The American punk band Groovie Ghoulies released a song called "Hats off to You (Godzilla)" as a tribute to Godzilla. It is featured on the EP Freaks on Parade released in 2002.

The American artist Doctor Steel released a song called 'Atomic Superstar' about Godzilla on his album People of Earth in 2002. In 2003, the British singer Siouxsie Sioux released the album Hái! with her band The Creatures; the album had a Japanese theme with a song dedicated to the monster, simply titled "Godzilla!". The record label Shifty issued the compilation album Destroysall with 15 songs from 15 bands, ranging from hardcore punk to doom-laden death metal. Not all of the songs are dedicated to Godzilla, but all do appear connected to monsters from Toho Studios. Fittingly, the disc was released on August 1, 2003, the 35th anniversary of the Japanese release of Destroy All Monsters.

King Geedorah (a.k.a. MF DOOM) released Take Me to Your Leader, a hip-hop album featuring guests from the group Monsta Island Czars, another Godzilla-themed hip-hop group. These albums include multiple Godzilla samples throughout the series. Taiwanese American electronic musician Mochipet released the EP Godzilla Rehab Center on August 21, 2012, featuring songs named after monsters in the series including Gigan, King Ghidorah, Moguera and Hedorah.

In 2019, American rock band Think Sanity released their debut album featuring songs based on Godzilla, Mothra, and Hedorah. The songs are titled "Sad Kaiju", "Mothra", and "Sludge", respectively. The monsters are also mentioned by name on the track "News at Six" in which they are comically described by newscaster Chip Bentley as destroying a nearby town. The band has mentioned in interviews that they have also written songs based on Biollante, King Ghidorah, and Rodan as well.

Cultural impact
Main article: Godzilla in popular culture

Godzilla is one of the most recognizable symbols of Japanese popular culture worldwide and is an important facet of Japanese films, embodying the kaiju subset of the tokusatsu genre. It has been considered a filmographic metaphor for the United States (with the "-zilla" part of the name being used in vernacular language as a suffix to indicate something of exaggerated proportions), as well as an allegory of nuclear weapons in general. The earlier Godzilla films, especially the original Godzilla, portrayed Godzilla as a frightening, nuclear monster. Godzilla represented the fears that many Japanese held about the nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the possibility of recurrence.[237]

As the series progressed, so did Godzilla, changing into a less destructive and more heroic character.[238][239] Ghidorah (1964) was the turning point in Godzilla's transformation from villain to hero, by pitting him against a greater threat to humanity, King Ghidorah.[240] Godzilla has since been viewed as an anti-hero.[238] Roger Ebert cites Godzilla as a notable example of a villain-turned-hero, along with King Kong, the James Bond films' Jaws, the Terminator, and Rambo.[241]

Godzilla is considered "the original radioactive superhero" due to his accidental radioactive origin story predating Spider-Man (1962 debut),[238] though Godzilla did not become a hero until Ghidorah in 1964.[240] By the 1970s, Godzilla came to be viewed as a superhero, with the magazine King of the Monsters in 1977 describing Godzilla as "Superhero of the '70s."[242] In 1973, Godzilla was voted the most popular movie monster in The Monster Times poll, beating Count Dracula, King Kong, Wolf Man, The Mummy, Creature From the Black Lagoon, and Frankenstein's monster.[243]

At least two prehistoric creatures from the fossil record have been named after Godzilla. Gojirasaurus quayi is a theropod dinosaur that lived in the Triassic Period; a partial skeleton was unearthed in Quay County, New Mexico.[244] Dakosaurus andiniensis, a crocodile from the Jurassic Period, was nicknamed "Godzilla" before being scientifically classified.

In 2010, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society named their most recently acquired scout vessel MV Gojira. Toho, the people in charge of the Godzilla franchise, served them with a notice to remove the name and in response the boat's name was changed in May 2011 to MV Brigitte Bardot.[245]

Steven Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park (1993), specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching.[246] During its production, Spielberg described Godzilla as "the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening."[247] Godzilla also influenced the Spielberg film Jaws (1975).[248][249] Godzilla has also been cited as an inspiration by actor Tim Allen and filmmakers Martin Scorsese and Tim Burton.[250]

Merchandise

Godzilla toy sales in Japan earned Toho annual royalties of $4.5 million during the late 1970s.[251] Godzilla licensed merchandise generated $33 million in annual sales during the late 1970s,[252] adding up to approximately $165 million merchandise sales between 1975 and 1979.

The Return of Godzilla generated Japanese merchandise sales of $230 million in 1984,[253] earning Toho more than $30 million in rights and royalties.[254] In 1985, Godzilla merchandise sold $33 million in Japan, with Doug Mason of Chicago Tribune referring to Godzilla as "Japan's Mickey Mouse."[255]

American toy companies such as Mattel and Trendmasters were selling 3 million Godzilla toys annually in the United States during the mid-1990s,[256] with Trendmasters alone selling more than 3 million Godzilla toys between 1994 and 1995.[257] Godzilla (1998) generated more than $400 million in North American merchandise sales.[258] Godzilla licensed merchandise in Japan sold ¥1.93 billion ($24.19 million ) in 2005,[259] ¥7 billion ($64.36 million ) in 2016,[260] and ¥15 billion ($138 million ) in 2017.[261] Combined, Godzilla generated at least more than $1.02 billion in known merchandise sales revenue, as of 2017.

Awards
  • 1954 Japan Movie Association Awards – Special Effects (Godzilla (1954))[262]
  • 1965 Japan Academy Award – Best Score (Mothra vs. Godzilla)
  • 1966 Japan Academy Award – Special Effects (Invasion of Astro-Monster)
  • 1986 Japan Academy Award – Special Effects and Newcomer of the Year (The Return of Godzilla)
  • 1986 Razzie Awards – Worst Supporting Actor and Worst New Star (The Return of Godzilla)
  • 1992 Japan Academy Award – Special Effects (Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah)
  • 1993 Tokyo Sports Movie Awards – Best Leading Actor (Godzilla vs. Mothra)
  • 1993 Best Grossing Films Award – Golden Award and Money-Making Star Award (Godzilla vs. Mothra)
  • 1993 Japan Academy Award – Best Score (Godzilla vs. Mothra)
  • 1994 Japan Academy Award – Best Score (Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II)
  • 1995 Best Grossing Films Award – Silver Award (Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla)
  • 1996 Best Grossing Films Award – Golden Award (Godzilla vs. Destoroyah)
  • 1996 Japan Academy Award – Special Effects (Godzilla vs. Destoroyah)
  • 1996 MTV Movie Awards – Lifetime Achievement*
  • 1998 Golden Raspberry Awards – Worst Supporting Actress and Worst Remake or Sequel (Godzilla (1998))
  • 1999 Saturn Awards – Best Special Effects (Godzilla (1998))
  • 2001 Saturn Awards – Best Home Video Release (Godzilla 2000)
  • 2002 Best Grossing Films Award – Silver Award (Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack)
  • 2004 Hollywood Walk of Fame[263] – (Godzilla: Final Wars)
  • 2007 Saturn Awards – Best DVD Classic Film Release (Godzilla (1954))
  • 2014 22nd Annual Japan Cool Content Contribution Award (Godzilla (2014))[264]
  • 2017 40th Japan Academy Prize – Best Picture, Best Director, Cinematography, Lighting Direction, Art Direction, Sound Recording, Film Editing (Shin Godzilla)[265]

(*) In 1996 Godzilla received an award for Lifetime Achievement at the MTV Movie Awards. Creator and producer Shōgo Tomiyama accepted on his behalf via satellite and was joined by "Godzilla" himself.

Name usage
Main article: -zilla

"-zilla" is a well-known slang suffix, used to imply some form of excess to a person, object or theme;[266] some examples being the reality TV show Bridezillas and the Netscape-derived web browser Mozilla Firefox.

Notes
  1. "Oodako" literally means "giant octopus" in Japanese.[72][73]
  2. "Ookondoru" literally means "giant condor" in Japanese.[72][74]
  3. While unnamed in the film, the Giant Sea Lice are called ショッキラス ("Shokkirasu") in official Japanese sources, and "Shockirus" has become the accepted Romanization of that name.[75]
  4. Referred to as Kiryu.[77]
  5. Referred to as Kiryu.[77]
  6. Japan's Reiwa era began on May 1, 2019;[78] however, Toho considers Shin Godzilla and the anime trilogy as part of the Reiwa era.
  7. On July 31, 2017, Sony Pictures Television announced that it would buy a controlling 95% stake in Funimation for $143,000,000, a deal that closed on October 27, 2017.[79]
  8. "Oodako" literally means "giant octopus" in Japanese.[73][72]
  9. While unnamed in the film, the Giant Sea Lice are called ショッキラス ("Shokkirasu") in official Japanese sources, and "Shockirus" has become the accepted Romanization of that name.[75]
  10. Kraken co-founder/managing director Matt Greenfield elaborated on the film's legal issues, stating, "Between all the changes of ownership and title that have occurred after New World released their version, the fact that you’re dealing with two entirely different production teams belonging to different sets of unions, and the fact that music from another film by a different composer was reused in NW’s dub [GODZILLA 1985 used music from Christopher Young’s soundtrack for the New World Pictures movie DEF-CON 4]."[92]
  11. Including North America
  12. See King Kong vs. Godzilla § Box office
  13. By 1974, the first 13 films had grossed $130 million in overseas box office revenue outside of Japan.[93][94][95] Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973) later had its U.S. release in 1976, with a three-day opening gross of $383,744 in Texas and Louisiana alone.[105] King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962) grossed an estimated $1,667,650 from its 1976 French release.[lower-alpha 12] Godzilla (1954) later earned $562,711 from limited North American re-releases in 2004 and 2014.[106] In the United Kingdom, Godzilla (1954) sold 3,643 tickets from limited releases during 2005–2006 and 2016–2017,[107] equivalent to an estimated gross revenue of approximately £19,022[108] ($24,387).
  14. The first 13 films are estimated to have grossed $163 million in Japan[98] and $132,638,492 in other territories,[lower-alpha 13] for a worldwide total of $293,946,455.
  15. 11.25 million tickets upon initial release.
  16. 3.51 million tickets upon initial release.[112]
  17. Mothra vs. Godzilla gross in Japan (est.)[112][113]
    • 1964 release – 3.51 million tickets – ¥625 million
    • 1970 release – 730,000 tickets – ¥237 million
    • 1980 release – ¥2.33 billion
  18. 4.32 million tickets upon initial release.
  19. 3.78 million tickets upon initial release.
  20. 3.45 million tickets upon initial release
  21. 2.48 million tickets upon initial release
  22. $20 million worldwide gross.[97] Japan gross was about ¥490 million[114][113] ($1.8 million).[117]
  23. Original 1974 release only. Does not include 2002 re-release.
  24. 1974 release earned a distribution income (rentals) of ¥370 million[110] and a total domestic gross revenue of about $2.9 million in Japan.[97][98] 2002 re-release grossed $14,122,958 in Japan.[118]
  25. Worldwide gross revenue of about $20 million by 1980.[97] 2002 re-release grossed $14,122,958 in Japan.[118]
  26. $20 million worldwide gross.[97] Japan gross was about ¥730 million[114][113] ($2.5 million).[119]
  27. See Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla § Box office
  28. Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla grossed $32 million worldwide.[lower-alpha 27] Japan gross was ¥2.81 billion[130] ($27.5 million).[128]
  29. See Godzilla vs. Destoroyah § Box office
  30. Including Japan
  31. Godzilla (1998) admissions:
    • Japan – 3.6 million[103]
    • Europe – 17,675,620
      • France, Germany, Italy, Spain – 9,946,810[158]
      • other European countries – 7,728,810[159]
    • Brazil – 1,004,820[160]
    • Taiwan – 420,454[161]
    • South Korea (Seoul City) – 409,262[162]
  32. Godzilla (2014) admissions:
    • Japan – 2.18 million[103]
    • China – 12,669,000[166]
    • Europe – 10,124,979
      • Spain and Italy – 1,235,029[167]
      • Romania – 172,676[168]
      • other European countries – 8,717,274[169]
    • Mexico – 2,032,854[170]
    • South Korea – 709,734[162]
  33. Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) admissions:
    • Japan – 2.12 million[174][113]
    • China – 25,457,730[175]
    • Europe – 4,643,688
      • Russia – 1,112,404[176]
      • France and Spain – 916,716[177]
      • other European countries – 2,614,568[178]
    • South Korea – 359,041[162]

References

Citations
  1. David Kravets (November 24, 2008). "Think Godzilla's Scary? Meet His Lawyers". Wired. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  2. Ryfle 1998, p. 52.
  3. Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 227.
  4. Kalat 2010, p. 163.
  5. Frook, John Evan (October 29, 1992). "TriStar lands monster of deal with 'Godzilla'". Variety. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  6. McNary, Dave (March 29, 2010). "'Godzilla' stomps back to screen". Variety. Archived from the original on February 9, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  7. Andrew Nguyen (November 10, 2018). "Godzilla: A History in Animation". SciFi Japan. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  8. Aaron Neuwirth (May 29, 2020). "Stomping Through 'Godzilla' History: Where to Begin & What to Watch". First Showing. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  9. Hikawa Ryūsuke (June 26, 2014). "Godzilla's Analog Mayhem and the Japanese Special Effects Tradition". Nippon. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  10. Keith Phipps; Nathan Rabin; Tasha Robinson; Matt Singer; Scott Tobias (May 7, 2014). "The science, ethics, and rubber suit of Godzilla". The Dissolve. Archived from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  11. Guinness World Records (September 3, 2014). "Jennifer Lawrence, Game of Thrones, Frozen among new entertainment record holders in Guinness World Records 2015 book". Guinness World Records. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  12. Kalat 1997, pp. 1–5.
  13. Kalat 1997, p. 240.
  14. Ryfle, Steve. "Godzilla's Footprint". VQR Online. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  15. Hoberman, J. (January 24, 2012). "Godzilla: Poetry After the A-Bomb". Criterion.
  16. Godzilla 1954 Toho
  17. The Return of Godzilla 1984 Toho
  18. Kennedy, et. al 2019, p. 8.
  19. Hendershot, Cyndy (July 1998). "Darwin and the Atom : Evolution/Devolution Fantasies in The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, Them !, and The Incredible Shrinking Man". Science Fiction Studies. Greencastle (Indiana): SF-TH Inc: 320.
  20. Solomon 2017, p. 29.
  21. Takeo Murata (writer) and Ishirō Honda (writer/director) (2006). Godzilla (DVD). DreamWorks Classics.
  22. Al C. Ward (writer) and Ishirō Honda, Terry Morse (writers/directors) (2006). Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (DVD). DreamWorks Classics.
  23. Patches, Matt (July 25, 2019). "Criterion reveals the collection's 1000th disc: the ultimate Godzilla set". Polygon. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  24. Solomon 2017, p. 145.
  25. Lees & Cerasini 1998, p. 12.
  26. Baker 2019, p. 92.
  27. "Bucket Hall of Fame: The Toho Big Pool". Archived from the original on December 29, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
  28. Blair, Gavin (December 7, 2014). "Japan's Toho to Produce New 'Godzilla' for 2016, First in 12 Years". The Hollywood Reporter.
  29. Frater, Patrick (March 31, 2015). "Hideaki Anno and Shinji Higuchi to Direct 'Godzilla 2016'". Variety. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  30. Ragone, August (March 31, 2015). ""EVANGELION" CREATOR HELMS NEW "GODZILLA" Hideaki Anno & Shinji Higuchi Revive the King!". The Good, The Bad, and Godzilla. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  31. "Evangelion's Hideaki Anno Is New Japanese Godzilla Film's Chief Director, Writer". Anime News Network. March 31, 2015. Retrieved March 31, 2015.
  32. Rigney, Todd (September 1, 2015). "New Japanese Godzilla Movie Filming This Weekend in Tokyo". Dread Central. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  33. "Shin-Godzilla Wraps Shooting, Begins FX Work". scified.com. November 1, 2015. Archived from the original on November 3, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  34. Blair, Gavin J. (August 1, 2016). "Japan Box Office: Toho's 'Godzilla Resurgence' Opens With $6.1 Million". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  35. "Godzilla Anime Is Film Trilogy Starring Mamoru Miyano". Anime News Network. March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
  36. "Godzilla Anime Film to Stream on Netflix Globally This Year". Anime News Network. March 13, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
  37. "Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters Press Notes from Toho". SciFi Japan. July 30, 2017. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
  38. "Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle Press Notes From Toho". SciFi Japan. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
  39. "Godzilla: The Planet Eater Press Notes, Trailer and Pics From Toho". SciFi Japan. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  40. 'Godzilla' studio Toho to co-produce content with foreign filmmakers
  41. Stephens, David (May 19, 2018). "Toho Planning Godzilla Cinematic Universe, Shin Godzilla 2 Canceled". Screen Rant. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
  42. Musnicky, Sarah (May 21, 2018). "Toho Planning Their Own Shared Universe For Future Godzilla Films". ComingSoon. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  43. Frater, Patrick (April 18, 2019). "'Godzilla' Owner Toho Poised for Expansion in Hollywood". Variety. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  44. Alvarez, Daniel (May 14, 2019). "Godzilla Site Launches With The Franchise's First Official Monsterpedia". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  45. Alvarez, Daniel (July 16, 2019). "Godzilla Joins Instagram & Twitter For The First Time". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  46. Anderton, Ethan (June 27, 2019). "Toho Studios is Giving 'Godzilla' an Entire Booth at San Diego Comic-Con". Slash Film. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  47. Zakarin, Jordan (July 19, 2019). "Toho's Godzilla hits Comic-Con with its first booth, part of a master plan". Syfy Wire. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  48. Kleinman, Jake (July 19, 2019). "Godzilla Creator Teases the Next Movie After 'Godzilla vs. King Kong'". Inverse. Archived from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  49. Otterson, Joe (October 6, 2020). "Godzilla Anime Series Set at Netflix". Variety. Archived from the original on October 6, 2020. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
  50. Konow, David (March 27, 2014). "The 3D Godzilla Movie That Almost Was". Tested.
  51. Jankiewicz, Pat (August 1993). "'Godzilla, American Style" (#193). Starlog.
  52. Quint (September 22, 2014). "Quint reports on William Stout's MondoCon panel about the unmade Fred Dekker-scripted Godzilla film!". Ain't It Cool News. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  53. Stout, William (April 28, 2014). "My Top Ten Dinosaur Films Part Two: Godzilla in 3D (1982–83)". William Stout.com. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  54. Abrams, Simon (May 15, 2014). "A History of the Disastrous Last Attempt to Make an American Godzilla". Vulture. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  55. Breihan, Tom (May 12, 2014). "Worst Godzilla Ever: Why Japan Hated (And Murked) The '98 U.S. Remake". Concourse. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  56. Aiken, Keith (May 31, 2015). "GODZILLA Unmade: The History of Jan De Bont's Unproduced TriStar Film – Part 4 of 4". Scifi Japan. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  57. "Godzilla (1998)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  58. Sterngold, James (May 26, 1998). "'Godzilla' Roars In But Fails To Devour". New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  59. DeWolf, Rose (June 12, 1998). "It's Big, All Right - A Big Flop 'Godzilla' Takes A Stomping At The Box Office And In The Stores". Philly. Retrieved August 7, 2016.(subscription required)
  60. "GODZILLA 2 RUMORS UNFOUNDED « SciFi Japan". Scifijapan.com. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  61. Schaefer, Mark (November 2004). "Godzilla Stomps into Los Angeles". Penny Blood. Archived from the original on February 3, 2005.
  62. "Godzilla 2014: Brian Rogers (Producer) On Legendary Pictures Film Plans". Zennie62 Youtube channel. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  63. McNary, Dave (March 29, 2010). "'Godzilla' stomps back to screen". Variety. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  64. Corneth, Roth (September 22, 2010). "'Godzilla' Will Return To His Roots In Legendary Pictures Reboot". Screen Rant. Retrieved July 20, 2015.
  65. Kit, Borys (January 4, 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: 'Monsters' Director Stomps to 'Godzilla'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
  66. Silman, Anna (May 16, 2014). "Review Roundup: One of the Scariest Things in Godzilla Is Bryan Cranston's Wig". Vulture. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  67. Shaw-Williams, H. (May 2, 2014). "'Godzilla': First Audience Reactions Promise a Slow Reveal". Screen Rant. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
  68. "Godzilla". The Numbers. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  69. "Legendary and Warner Bros. Pictures Announce Cinematic Franchise Uniting Godzilla, King Kong and Other Iconic Giant Monsters" (Press release). Legendary Pictures. October 14, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  70. "Warner Bros. Pictures' and Legendary Pictures' MonsterVerse Kicks Into Gear as the Next Godzilla Feature Gets Underway". Warner Bros. (Press release). June 19, 2017.
  71. D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 15, 2021). "'Godzilla Vs. Kong' Jumps Up To March In HBO Max & Theatrical Debut". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  72. Lees & Cerasini 1998, p. 116.
  73. "Giant Octopus". Toho Kingdom. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  74. "Giant Condor". Toho Kingdom. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  75. "Shockirus". Toho Kingdom. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  76. Lees & Cerasini 1998, p. 55.
  77. Solomon 2017, p. 283.
  78. Euan McKirdy; Junko Ogura; James Griffiths (April 1, 2019). "'Reiwa': Japan announces dawn of a new era". CNN. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
  79. Eggerton, John. "Feds OK Sony Purchase of Funimation". Multichannel. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  80. Whalen, Andrew (May 31, 2019). "Godzilla: King of the Monsters Monster List: All 17 Titan Names Revealed". Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  81. Allie Gemmill (January 24, 2021). "'Godzilla vs. Kong' Trailer: Who Is Warbat the Kaiju & Why Is Kong Fighting It?". Collider. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  82. Rick Stevenson (January 28, 2021). "Godzilla vs. Kong Toy Reveals First Look At Hell Hawk". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  83. "ALWAYS- SUNSET ON THIRD STREET- 2". SciFiJapan.com. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  84. "Star Wars Day And Godzilla 2012 At Comic Con?". The San Francisco Chronicle. May 4, 2011. Retrieved May 16, 2011.
  85. "Godzilla Invades the Animated World of "Crayon Shin-Chan"". crunchyroll.com.
  86. Pineda, Rafael (January 17, 2020). "Shinkalion Anime Film's 1st 3 Minutes Streamed With Hatsune Miku vs. Godzilla Battle". Anime News Network. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  87. "Classic Media Reissues the Original GODZILLA on DVD". Scifi Japan. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
  88. Lizardman (May 7, 2014). "The First Hollywood Attempt to "Reimagine" Godzilla Happened Back in 1957". Observation Deck. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  89. Desentis, John. "Talking COZZILLA: An Interview with Italian GODZILLA Director Luigi Cozzi". SciFi Japan. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  90. Ryfle 1998, pp. 207.
  91. Ryfle 1998, pp. 208.
  92. Aiken, Keith (May 19, 2016). "Exclusive: The Return of Godzilla Blu-ray & DVD Details from Kraken Releasing". Scifi Japan. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  93. "Godzilla Is A Hero In Japan". Valley Morning Star. June 13, 1974. p. 5. Retrieved 22 May 2020. He is still going strong after starring in 13 movies that have brought his maker $130 million in foreign exchange.
  94. "Godzilla now does well by doing Japan good". La Crosse Tribune. June 14, 1974. p. 27. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  95. Tateishi, Kay (June 30, 1974). "Japan's Godzilla celebrates 20 years and $130 million". The San Bernardino County Sun. p. 52. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  96. Parish, James Robert; Pitts, Michael R. (1977). The Great Science Fiction Pictures. Scarecrow Press. pp. 150 & 152. ISBN 9780810810297. Godzilla is Japan's greatest and most popular screen monster: a 400-foot tall prehistorical reptile. He has become a legend in his time. In thirteen film appearances to date he has grossed over $130 million outside Japan; the Japanese domestic grosses swell that sum vastly. [...] The beast's most recent screen appearance — this time in a speaking role — was in Godzilla vs. Megalon (1973) in which he and a man-made robot defeat Megalon and its ally, Gigan.
  97. Edelson, Edward (1980). Great animals of the movies. Doubleday. p. 85. ISBN 9780385147286. By the late 1970s, Godzilla films settled down to a comfortable formula. Toho was making two films a year. Each cost in the neighborhood of $1.2 million and could be counted on to earn about $20 million.
  98. Travis Bean (June 4, 2019). "Where 'King Of The Monsters' Ranks In Godzilla's Box Office History". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 11, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  99. "Toho's 29 Godzilla Films Have Sold Over 100 Million Tickets in Japan". Anime News Network. August 3, 2016.
  100. "「ゴジラ」シリーズ29作品、累計動員数が1億人を突破！". ITmedia (in Japanese). August 3, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  101. "Cinema ticket price". NationMaster. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  102. "Japan Box Office: 'Doraemon' Anime Still All-Conquering". The Hollywood Reporter. April 6, 2015.
  103. "東宝はなぜ｢国産ゴジラ｣を再び作るのか | ゲーム・エンタメ". Toyo Keizai (in Japanese). 21 December 2014. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  104. Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 105.
  105. The Hollywood Reporter (May 12, 1976)
  106. "Godzilla - Rialto Release". Box Office. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  107. "Film #24565: Gojira". LUMIERE. European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  108. "Average ticket price". UK Cinema Association. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  109. SBSテレビ　お～い！トムソーヤ, Shizuoka Broadcasting System, 2001-07-28
  110. "歴代ゴジラ映画作品一覧／年代流行". 年代流行 (Nendai Ryuukou). Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  111. Goozner, Merrill (August 28, 1994). "Fire-Breathing Godzilla Blowing Out 40 Candles". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  112. "Mothra vs. Godzilla". Toho Kingdom. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  113. "Statistics of Film Industry in Japan (Year 1955 - 1999)". Eiren. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  114. "ゴジラが皇居を襲わなかった本当の理由～何もわかっちゃいない産経コラム". GetNews (in Japanese). 27 January 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  115. ゴジラ 東宝チャンピオンまつりパーフェクション. DENGEKI HOBBY BOOKS. ASCII Media Works. 2014. p. 162. ISBN 978-4048669993.
  116. Kalat 2010, p. 210.
  117. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1973. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  118. "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
  119. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1975. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  120. "東宝はなぜ｢国産ゴジラ｣を再び作るのか". Toyo Keizai (in Japanese). 21 December 2014. p. 2. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  121. "『ゴジラ』の詳細情報". Eiga Ranking. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  122. "The Return of Godzilla". Toho Kingdom.
  123. "Godzilla 1985: The Legend Is Reborn (1985-08-23)". BoxOffice. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  124. "『ゴジラVSビオランテ』の詳細情報". Eiga Ranking. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  125. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1989. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  126. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1992. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  127. "『ゴジラVSモスラ』の詳細情報". Eiga Ranking. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  128. "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan". World Bank. 1995. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  129. "『ゴジラVSメカゴジラ』の詳細情報". Eiga Ranking. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  130. "『ゴジラVSスペースゴジラ』の詳細情報". Eiga Ranking. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  131. Ryfle 1998, p. 346.
  132. "2000年（平成12年）興収10億円以上番組" (PDF). Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  133. "Godzilla 2000". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
  134. "Godzilla 2000". Toho Kingdom.
  135. "2001年（平成13年）興収10億円以上番組" (PDF). Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  136. "Godzilla vs. Megaguirus". Toho Kingdom.
  137. "2002年（平成14年）興収10億円以上番組" (PDF). Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  138. "Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack". Toho Kingdom.
  139. “最後のゴジラ”製作大詰め,Yomiuri Shimbun, 2004-10-01
  140. "2003年（平成15年）興収10億円以上番組" (PDF). Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  141. "Godzilla against Mechagodzilla". Toho Kingdom.
  142. "2004". Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  143. "Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S." Toho Kingdom.
  144. "2005". Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  145. "Godzilla: Final Wars". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved Feb 25, 2020.
  146. "Godzilla: Final Wars". Toho Kingdom.
  147. "「お願い！ランキング」2017年11月9日（木）放送内容". Kakaku.com. TV Asahi. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  148. "2016". Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
  149. "Shin Godzilla". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  150. "Live-Action Fullmetal Alchemist Film Tops Japan's Box Office". Anime News Network. 2017-12-05. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  151. "哥斯拉：怪兽行星 (Godzilla: Monster Planet)". Maoyan. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  152. "Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  153. "【週末アニメ映画ランキング】「GODZILLA 星を喰う者」6位、「続・終物語」7位、「ANEMONE」10位スタート". Eiga (in Japanese). November 13, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  154. "Japan Box Office (November 17–18, 2018)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 2019-02-13. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  155. "Godzilla: The Planet Eater". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  156. "Godzilla (1998)". BoxOffice. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
  157. "Godzilla (1998)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  158. "Godzilla (1998)". JP's Box-Office (in French). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  159. "Film #8006: Godzilla". LUMIERE. European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  160. "Годзилла (1998) — дата выхода в России и других странах" [Godzilla (1998) - Release dates in Russia and other countries]. KinoPoisk (in Russian). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  161. "1998 Taiwan Box Office". National Chengchi University (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 21 April 2001. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  162. "영화정보" [Movie Information]. KOFIC (in Korean). Korean Film Council. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  163. Lichtenfeld 2007, p. 218.
  164. "Godzilla (2014)". The Numbers. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  165. "Godzilla (2014) – Domestic Total Est. Tickets". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  166. "年度票房" [Annual Box Office]. Endata (in Chinese). EntGroup. 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  167. "Godzilla (2014)". JP's Box-Office (in French). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  168. "Die erfolgreichsten Filme des Jahres 2014 in 43 Ländern" [The Most Successful Films of 2014 in 43 Countries]. Inside Kino (in German). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  169. "Film #46829: Godzilla". LUMIERE. European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  170. "Годзилла (2014) — дата выхода в России и других странах" [Godzilla (2014) - Release dates in Russia and other countries]. KinoPoisk (in Russian). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  171. "Godzilla (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  172. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  173. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019) – Domestic Total Est. Tickets". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  174. "Movies With Box Office Gross Receipts Exceeding 1 Billion Yen". Eiren. Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  175. "Top Ten CHINA 2019". Inside Kino (in German). 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  176. "Годзилла 2: Король монстров — дата выхода в России и других странах" [Godzilla: King of the Monsters - Release dates in Russia and other countries]. KinoPoisk (in Russian). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  177. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019)". JP's Box-Office (in French). Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  178. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters". LUMIERE. European Audiovisual Observatory. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  179. Rebecca Rubin (June 2, 2019). "'Godzilla: King of the Monsters': Inside a Fading Franchise". Variety. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  180. "Gojira". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  181. "Godzilla (1954) Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  182. "Godzilla, King of the Monsters!". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  183. "Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956) Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  184. "Godzilla Raids Again". Rotten Tomatoes.
  185. "King Kong vs. Godzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  186. "Mothra vs. Godzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  187. "Ghidrah, The Three-Headed Monster". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  188. "Invasion of Astro-Monster". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  189. "Ebirah, Horror of the Deep". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  190. "Son of Godzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  191. "Destroy All Monsters". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  192. "All Monsters Attack". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  193. "Godzilla vs. Hedorah". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  194. "Godzilla vs Gigan". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  195. "Godzilla vs. Megalon". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  196. "Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  197. "Terror of Mechagodzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  198. "Godzilla 1985". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  199. "Godzilla vs Biollante". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  200. "Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  201. "Godzilla vs Mothra". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  202. "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  203. "Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  204. "Godzilla vs. Destoroyah". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  205. "Godzilla 1998". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  206. "Godzilla (1998)". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  207. "Godzilla 2000". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  208. "Godzilla 2000". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 5 July 2019.
  209. "Godzilla vs Megaguirus". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  210. "Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  211. "Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  212. "Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S." Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  213. "Godzilla: Final Wars". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  214. "Godzilla 2014". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  215. "Godzilla reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
  216. "Shin Godzilla". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  217. "Shin Godzilla". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
  218. "Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  219. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  220. "Godzilla: King of the Monsters reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
  221. Kalat 1997, p. 221.
  222. Francisco, Eric (13 March 2017). "First Anime 'Godzilla' is Coming to Netflix This Year". Inverse. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  223. Ryfle 1998, p. 209.
  224. Kennedy, et. al 2019, p. 72.
  225. Moore, Martha T. (September 9, 1992). "Godzilla Meets Barkley on MTV". USA Today. p. 1.B.
  226. "Godzilla-kun – The Cutting Room Floor". tcrf.net.
  227. "Godzilla for PlayStation 4". Gamestop. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  228. "Dud 'Godzilla' Still Music To Sony's Ears". New York Daily News. July 22, 1998. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  229. See Come with Me (Puff Daddy song) § Certifications
  230. "Shinshoku ~Lose Control~". Generasia. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  231. "2016 Oricon Top 100 Albums". Generasia. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  232. "B'z、さらなる記録更新へ！ニューアルバムリリース決定！". Oricon News (in Japanese). Oricon. 2006-05-10.
  233. Punk Rock Is Dead
  234. "Biotech Is Godzilla Lyrics – Sepultura". lyricsfreak.com.
  235. Whitacre, Eric. "Godzilla Eats Las Vegas!". Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  236. "Gojira: Biography". allmusic. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
  237. Terrence Rafferty (May 2, 2004). "The Monster That Morphed Into a Metaphor".
  238. Lankes, Kevin (June 22, 2014). "Godzilla's Secret History". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  239. Goldstein, Rich (May 18, 2014). "A Comprehensive History of Toho's Original Kaiju (and Atomic Allegory) Godzilla". Daily Beast. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  240. Grebey, James (28 May 2019). "The history of Ghidorah, Godzilla's rival for the title of King of the Monsters". Syfy Wire. NBCUniversal. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  241. Ebert, Roger (2013). Ebert's Bigger Little Movie Glossary. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7407-9246-5.
  242. Glut, Donald F. (2001). "Godzilla, Saurian Superhero". Jurassic Classics: A Collection of Saurian Essays and Mesozoic Musings. McFarland & Company. pp. 225–229 (225). ISBN 978-0-7864-6246-9.
  243. Kogan, Rick (September 15, 1985). "'It Was A Long Time Coming, But Godzilla, This Is Your Life". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  244. Strauss, Bob. "Gojirasaurus". About.com:Dinosaurs. New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  245. "The Beast Transforms into a Beauty as Godzilla Becomes the Brigitte Bardot – Sea Shepherd Conservation Society". Seashepherd.org. 2011-05-25. Archived from the original on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2013-10-16.
  246. Ryfle 1998, p. 15.
  247. Ryfle 1998, p. 17.
  248. Freer, Ian (2001). The Complete Spielberg. Virgin Books. p. 48. ISBN 9780753505564.
  249. Derry, Charles (1977). Dark Dreams: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Film. A. S. Barnes. p. 82. ISBN 9780498019159.
  250. Kalat, David (2017). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series, 2d ed. McFarland & Company. p. 318. ISBN 978-1-4766-3265-0.
  251. Horvat, Andrew (31 August 1979). "Hero Of Nuclear Accident: Godzilla Will Make a Comeback". The Los Angeles Times. p. 132. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  252. Kalat, David (2017). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series, 2d ed. McFarland & Company. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-4766-3265-0. The failure of the late-seventies films was a stumbling block that needed to be overcome. The licensing of the monster's image for merchandising had turned into a $33 million-a-year industry.
  253. "Godzilla Returns in New Movie". The Town Talk. November 29, 1984.
  254. Tsutsui, William M. (2017). Godzilla on My Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-137-05557-6.
  255. Mason, Doug (November 12, 1986). "Godzilla? Yup". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  256. Tsutsui, William M. (2017). Godzilla on My Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-137-05557-6.
  257. Ryfle, Steve (August 17, 1995). "Godzilla Lives!". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  258. King, Geoff (2002). New Hollywood Cinema: An Introduction. I.B. Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 9781860647505.
  259. "在日本，地位最高的动漫是哆啦a梦么？". Taojinjubao. Character Databank (CharaBiz). 2018-01-06.
  260. 『日経MJ』2017年11月24日付、3頁。
  261. 『日経エンタテインメント！』2018年4月号、45頁。
  262. Ryfle 1998, p. 47.
  263. "Walk of Fame (2004)". imdb.com.
  264. Siegemund-Broka, Austin (August 14, 2014). "Legendary's 'Godzilla' to Receive Japanese Governmental Award". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  265. "日本アカデミー賞公式サイト". Japan Academy Prize.
  266. William Tsutsui (2004) "Godzilla on My Mind", p,8.

Sources
  • Baker, J. I. (2019). Life Special: Godzilla, the King of the Monsters. Life Magazine. ISBN 978-1547846993.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1994). Japanese Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films: A Critical Analysis of 103 Features Released in the United States, 1950–1992. McFarland. ISBN 0899508537.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (1998). Monsters Are Attacking Tokyo! The Incredible World of Japanese Fantasy Films. Feral House. ISBN 0922915474.
  • Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1461673743.
  • Godziszewski, Ed (1994). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Godzilla. Daikaiju Enterprises.
  • Kalat, David (1997). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4749-7.
  • Kalat, David (2010). A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series - Second Edition. McFarland. ISBN 9780786447497.
  • Kennedy, Kostya; et al. (2019). "Life: Godzilla". Life Books. New York, New York, U.S. (Vol. 19, No. 15, May 31, 2019).
  • Lees, J. D.; Cerasini, Marc (1998). The Official Godzilla Compendium. Random House. ISBN 0-679-88822-5.
  • Lichtenfeld, Eric (2007). Action Speaks Louder: Violence, Spectacle and the American Action Movie. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 978-0819568014.
  • Ragone, August (2007). Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-6078-9.
  • Rhoads and McCorkle, Sean and Brooke (2018). Japan's Green Monsters: Environmental Commentary in Kaiju Cinema. McFarland. ISBN 9781476663906.
  • Ryfle, Steve (1998). Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G. ECW Press. ISBN 9781550223484.
  • Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 9780819570871.
  • Solomon, Brian (2017). Godzilla FAQ: All that's Left to Know about the King of the Monsters. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN 9781495045684.
  • Tsutsui, William (2004). Godzilla on my Mind: Fifty Years of the King of Monsters. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 1-4039-6474-2.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.