Halligan bar

A Halligan bar, also known as a Halligan tool (sometimes also "Hooligan tool"),[1] is a forcible entry tool used by firefighters and law enforcement.[2]

The adze and pick end of a Halligan
A Halligan and flat head axe. When married together they are known as "The Irons"
A Halligan tool on display at the NYC Fire Museum (middle), next to the earlier Kelly tool (2nd from left) it was based on

History

The tool was designed by and named after a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) First Deputy Chief named Hugh Halligan in 1948. Later that year, the first prototype of the Halligan bar was made by blacksmith Peter Clarke.[3] Because the device had been invented by one of its members, the FDNY did not initially purchase the tool in order to avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest.[4] The Boston Fire Department was the first major customer of the Halligan bar, purchasing one for every fire company in the city. The tool was popular enough that members of New York ladder companies began buying it with their own money until the department ultimately decided to purchase the tool, gradually leading to widespread adoption across North America and eventually worldwide. The Halligan bar has become the most versatile hand tool to be used for the past seven decades for a multitude of fireground tasks.[5][4]

Design

Based on the earlier Kelly tool, the Halligan is a multipurpose tool for prying, twisting, punching, or striking.[6] It consists of a claw (or fork), a blade (wedge or adze), and a tapered pick, which is especially useful in quickly breaching many types of locked doors.

One variant of the Halligan has a heavy sliding collar on the shaft. Once the prying end of the tool is wedged into position, the sliding 'hammer' is used to force the wedge, allowing for proper seating before prying. The adze end is also assisted by using the sliding hammer to generate forced traction on a hooked cylinder. Another variant has an end that resembles a lever-type can opener, used for making large holes for access or ventilation in sheet metal.

The Halligan is available in a number of lengths – typically 18–54 inches (46–137 cm) – and of various materials, including titanium, beryllium copper or stainless steel. Carrying straps or rings can be found. The 18-inch Halligan is often referred to as an officer's tool.

A Halligan bar and a flathead axe can be joined together (and partially interlocked, head-to-toe) to form what is known as a married set, set of irons or simply The Irons. This combination of tools is most common within the fire service. However, the Halligan may also be married with a Halligan hook or sledgehammer as an alternative.

Uses
  • Doors and locks
    • Either the adze end or fork end of the tool can be used to break through the latch of a swinging door by forcing the tool between the door and doorjamb and prying the two apart, striking it with a sledgehammer or a flat-head axe.
    • The firefighter holding the Halligan can use a "baseball bat swing" to sink the pick into the door frame near the door handle and then force the door by applying pressure to the adze.[7]
    • Another option is to use the Halligan to pry the door off the top hinges.[7] The pick and adze (only when properly used) provide protection to the arms, hands, and body of the holder during forcible entry operation.[8]
    • The pick can be placed into the shackle (or eye) of a padlock or hasp and twisted or pried to break it free.
    • Using a K-tool and the adze end, a lock cylinder can easily be pulled.
  • Vehicles
    • The Halligan can be used to make a purchase point on a car hood to cut the battery.[9]
    • The Halligan can also be used for vehicle extrication among other things.
    • The tool can be used to pry open the hood of a car when it is jammed from an accident.[10]
  • The Halligan can be used to knock down a wall in a house to get to another area.[11]
  • The point can be used to break glass on a car or building for access or ventilation.[12]
  • It can also be driven into a roof to provide a foothold for firefighters engaged in vertical ventilation.
  • The fork end is routinely used to shut off gas meter valves.
  • The Halligan can be used as a step to get up on a window that is at head level.[13]
  • The Halligan can be tied to a rope and act as an anchor in the window frame, for improvised bailout.[14]

See also

References
  1. "Forcible Entry Reference Guide - Techniques and Procedures," New York City Fire Department, December 2006, p. 14, accessed June 10, 2017.
  2. "DEA vs. Heroin Kingpin". DEA. Season 1. Episode 1. 2008-04-02. 26:03 minutes in. Spike.
  3. Maughan, William F.X. (2007). The Grappling Hook. Scranton and London: University of Scranton Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-58966-179-0. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2020-01-07.
  4. Fire Department City of New York: The Bravest; An Illustrated History 1865-2002, page 72.
  5. Morelock, Jamie. Upgrading the Halligan Bar's Roof Ring. Fire Engineering. Pennwell Corporation. Volume 163, Issue 3. Page 47. 2010.
  6. "The Halligan Bar – By: Rob Fisher | Brotherhood Instructors". 2012-03-08. Archived from the original on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
  7. White, Billy & Johnson, Fergus. The Backup Firefighter's Role in the Initial Fire Attack. Fire Engineering. 2011.
  8. Fisher, Rob. History of the Halligan Bar. Firefighternation. 2007
  9. Fritz, Richard. Tools of the Trade: Hand Tools and Their Use. Pennwell Books. 1997.
  10. Smith, Steve. militarygovernmentcareeres.knojji.com. 2013.
  11. Equipment Used by Firefighters. ABCO Fire Protection.
  12. Schottke, David. Fundamentals of Firefighter Skills. Jones and Barlett Publishers. 2014
  13. The Art of the Fire Service. Tips From the Bucket. Vententersarch.com
  14. Thomas Delmar Learning. The Firefighter's Handbook. Thomas and Delmar Learning. Clifton Park, New York. 2000.

Further reading
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