List of California wildfires

This is a partial and incomplete list of California wildfires. California has dry, windy, and often hot weather conditions from spring through late autumn that can produce moderate to severe wildfires. Pre-1800, when the area was much more forested and the ecology much more resilient, 4.4 million acres (1.8 million hectares) of forest and shrubland burned annually.[1] California land area totals 99,813,760 or roughly 100 million acres, so since 2000, the area that burned annually has ranged between 90,000 acres, or 0.09%, and 1,590,000 acres, or 1.59% of the total land of California.[2] During the 2020 wildfire season alone, over 8,100 fires have contributed to the burning of nearly 4.5 million acres of land, making it the largest fire season in California's modern history.

"California wildfire" redirects here. For the current fires in California, see 2020 California wildfires.
Santa Ana winds in California expand fires and spread smoke over hundreds of miles, as in this October 2007 satellite image
The Rim Fire consumed more than 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) of forest near Yosemite National Park, in 2013

Wildfires in California are growing more dangerous because of the accumulation of wood fuel in forests, higher population and greater electricity transmission and distribution lines.[3][4][5] United States taxpayers pay about US$3 billion a year to fight wildfires, and big fires can lead to billions of dollars in property losses.[6] At times, these wildfires are fanned or made worse by strong, dry winds, known as Diablo winds when they occur in the northern part of the state and Santa Ana winds when they occur in the south. However, from a historical perspective, it has been estimated that prior to 1850, about 4.5 million acres (17,000 km²) burned yearly, in fires that lasted for months, with wildfire activity peaking roughly every 30 years, when up to 11.8 million acres (47,753 km³) of land burned.[7][8] The much larger wildfire seasons in the past can be attributed to the policy of Native Californians regularly setting controlled burns and allowing natural fires to run their course, which prevented devastating wildfires from overrunning the state.[7]

More than 350,000 people in California live in towns sited completely within zones deemed to be at very high risk of fire. In total, more than 2.7 million people live in "very high fire hazard severity zones", which also include areas at lesser risk.[9]

The four most common ignition sources of large California wildfires since 1980 have been equipment generating sparks (chainsaws, grinders, mowers, etc.), overhead power lines, arsonists, and lightning.[10]

Largest wildfires

These are the 20 largest wildfires in California since 1932 (when accurate records started to be kept), according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE).[11] List: "Top 20 Largest California Wildfires" (PDF), http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/# of Federal fire inicident system.

Note: Burned area and position in the list are subject to change.

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
August ComplexGlenn, Lake, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity1,032,649 417,898August 20209231
Mendocino ComplexMendocino, Lake,
Colusa, Glenn		459,123 185,800July 20182801
SCU Lightning ComplexSanta Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Merced, Stanislaus396,624 160,508August 20202220
CreekFresno, Madera379,895 153,738September 20208560Largest single source wildfire in California history
LNU Lightning ComplexColusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo363,220 146,990August 20201,4915
North ComplexPlumas, Butte318,935 129,068August 20202,35215
ThomasVentura, Santa Barbara281,893 114,078December 20171,06323Fatalities (2 direct, 21 indirect) attributed to the fire include 1 firefighter and 1 civilian directly, 21 deaths in later mudslides, with 2 never recovered.[12]
CedarSan Diego273,246 110,579October 20032,82015
RushLassen271,911 110,038August 201210This fire burned an additional 43,666 acres (17,671.0 ha) in Nevada, for a total of 315,577 acres (127,709.5 ha).[13][14]
RimTuolumne257,314 104,131August 20131120
ZacaSanta Barbara240,207 97,208July 200710
CarrShasta, Trinity229,651 92,936July 20181,6048
MatilijaVentura220,000 89,000September 193200
WitchSan Diego197,990 80,120October 20071,6502
Klamath Theater ComplexSiskiyou192,038 77,715June 200802
Marble ConeMonterey177,866 71,980July 197700
LagunaSan Diego175,425 70,992September 19703828
SQF ComplexTulare, Inyo174,178 70,487 August 20202280
Basin ComplexMonterey162,818 65,890June 2008580
DayVentura162,702 65,843September 2006110

Deadliest wildfires

A list of the 20 deadliest wildfires, according to CAL FIRE, can be found at "Top 20 Deadliest California Wildfires" (PDF).

Note: Number of deaths and position in the list are subject to change.

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
Camp[15][16][17] Butte 153,336 62,050 November 2018 18,804 85 51 identified from Paradise, 11 from Magalia, 7 from Concow, 1 from Chico, remaining not publicly identified as of February 2019
Griffith Park Los Angeles 47 19 October 1933 0 29 Deaths were RFC workers fighting the fire
Tunnel Alameda 1,600 650 October 1991 2,900 25
Tubbs Napa, Sonoma 36,807 14,895 October 2017 5,643 22
Rattlesnake Glenn 1,340 540 July 1953 0 15 All deaths were firefighters trying to outrun the fire
Cedar San Diego 273,246 110,579 October 2003 2,820 15
North Complex Plumas, Butte 318,935 129,068 August 2020 2,352 15
Loop Fire Los Angeles 2,028 821 November 1966 0 12
Hauser Creek San Diego 13,145 5,320 October 1943 0 11
Inaja San Diego 43,904 17,767 November 1956 0 11
Iron Alps Complex Trinity 105,855 42,838 August 2008 10 10
Redwood Valley Complex Mendocino 36,523 14,780 October 2017 544 9
Canyon Los Angeles 22,197 8,983 August 1968 0 8
Harris San Diego 90,440 36,600 October 2007 548 8
Carr Shasta, Trinity 229,651 92,936 July 2018 1,604 8
Hacienda Los Angeles 1,150 470 September 1955 0 6
Decker Riverside 1,425 577 August 1959 1 6
Old San Bernardino 91,281 36,940 October 2003 1,003 6
Atlas Napa, Solano 51,624 20,891 October 2017 781 6
Laguna San Diego 175,425 70,992 September 1970 382 5
Esperanza Riverside 40,200 16,300 October 2006 54 5
LNU Lightning Complex Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo 363,220 146,990 August 2020 1,491 5

Most destructive wildfires

A list of the 20 most destructive wildfires, according to CAL FIRE, can be found at: "Top 20 Most Destructive California Wildfires" (PDF).

Note: Number of destroyed structures and position in the list are subject to change.

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
Camp[15][16][17] Butte 153,336 62,050 November 2018 18,804 85 Town of Paradise destroyed[18]
Tubbs Napa, Sonoma 36,807 14,895 October 2017 5,643 22
Tunnel Alameda 1,600 650 October 1991 2,900 25
Cedar San Diego 273,246 110,579 October 2003 2,820 15
North Complex Plumas, Butte 318,935 129,068 August 2020 2,352 15 Town of Berry Creek mostly destroyed[19][20]
Valley Lake, Napa, Sonoma 76,067 30,783 September 2015 1,955 4
Witch San Diego 197,900 80,100 October 2007 1,650 6
Woolsey Ventura, Los Angeles 96,949 39,234 November 2018 1,643 3
Carr Shasta, Trinity 229,651 92,936 July 2018 1,604 8
Glass Napa, Sonoma 67,484 27,310 September 2020 1,520 0
LNU Lightning Complex Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo 363,220 146,990 August 2020 1,491 5
CZU Lightning Complex Santa Cruz, San Mateo 86,509 35,009 August 2020 1,490 1
Nuns Sonoma 54,382 22,008 October 2017 1,355 3
Thomas Ventura, Santa Barbara 281,893 114,078 December 2017 1,063 23 2 direct, 21 indirect deaths were caused by the Montecito mudslides
Old San Bernardino 91,281 36,940 October 2003 1,003 6
Jones Shasta 26,200 10,600 October 1999 954 1
August ComplexGlenn, Lake, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity1,032,649 417,898August 20209351
Butte Amador, Calaveras 70,868 28,679 September 2015 921 2
Creek Fresno, Madera 379,729 153,671 September 2020 856 0 Town of Big Creek mostly destroyed
Atlas Napa, Solano 51,624 20,891 October 2017 783 6

Pre-2000
Remains of houses destroyed in the Oakland firestorm of 1991

Post-2000
Satellite image from October, 2003 including Cedar Fire, one of the largest wildfires in California history
Puerto Rico Fire Fighters at Miles Fire (southwestern Oregon)

Starting in 2001, the National Interagency Fire Center began keeping more accurate records on the total fire acreage burned in each state.[22]

Yearly statistics
Year Fires Acres Hectares Ref
20007,622295,026 119,393[23]
20019,458329,126 133,193[24]
20028,328969,890 392,500[25][26]
20039,1161,020,460 412,970[27][28][29]
20048,415264,988 107,237[30][31]
20057,162222,538 90,058[32][33]
20068,202736,022 297,858[34][35]
20079,0931,520,362 615,269[23][36]
20086,2551,593,690 644,940[23]
20099,159422,147 170,837[37][38]
20106,554109,529 44,325[39]
20117,989168,545 68,208[40][41]
20127,950869,599 351,914[42]
20139,907601,635 243,473[43][44]
20147,865625,540 253,150[45][46]
20158,745893,362 361,531[47]
20166,986669,534 270,951[48][49]
20179,5601,548,429 626,627[50][51]
20188,5271,975,086 799,289[52][53]
20197,860259,823 105,147[54]
20209,6394,397,809 1,779,730[55][56]
Average8,304928,245 375,647

    A 2015 study[57] addressed whether the increase in fire risk in California is attributable to climate change.[58]

    Notable fires

    Note: Check primary sources for up-to-date statistics.

    Name County Acres Hectares Start Contained Notes Ref
    RumseyYolo39,138 15,839October 10, 2004October 16, 20045 structures destroyed[59]
    OldSan Bernardino91,281 36,940October 21, 2003November 25, 2003975 structures destroyed[60]
    SimiVentura108,204 43,789October 25, 2003November 5, 2003315 structures destroyed[61]
    TopangaLos Angeles24,175 9,783September 28, 2005October 6, 2005[62]
    EsperanzaRiverside41,173 16,662October 26, 2006November 1, 20065 fatalities, 54 structures destroyed[63]
    IslandLos Angeles4,750 1,920May 10, 2007May 15, 20076 structures destroyed[64]
    ZacaSanta Barbara240,207 97,208July 4, 2007September 4, 20071 structure destroyed[65]
    WitchSan Diego197,990 80,120October 21, 2007November 6, 20071,650 structures destroyed[66]
    HarrisSan Diego90,440 36,600October 21, 2007November 5, 2007472 structures destroyed; 1 fatality[67]
    SantiagoOrange28,400 11,500October 21, 2007November 9, 200724 structures destroyed[68]
    CorralLos Angeles4,901 1,983November 24, 2007November 27, 200786 structures destroyed[69]
    IndiansMonterey81,378 32,933June 8, 2008July 10, 2008[70]
    Basin ComplexMonterey162,818 65,890June 21, 2008July 27, 2008[11]
    SesnonLos Angeles14,703 5,950October 13, 2008October 18, 2008[71]
    JesusitaSanta Barbara8,733 3,534May 5, 2009May 20, 2009160 structures destroyed[72]
    La BreaSanta Barbara89,489 36,215August 8, 2009August 23, 2009[73]
    LockheedSanta Cruz7,817 3,163August 12, 2009August 23, 200913 structures destroyed[74]
    StationLos Angeles160,577 64,983August 26, 2009October 16, 2009209 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities[75]
    GuibersonVentura17,500 7,100September 22, 2009October 1, 2009[76]
    RushLassen271,991 110,071August 12, 2012August 30, 20121 barn destroyed[77]
    SpringsVentura28,000 11,000May 2, 2013May 6, 201320 outbuildings destroyed[78]
    PowerhouseLos Angeles30,000 12,000May 30, 2013June 10, 201324 structures destroyed[79]
    MountainRiverside27,531 11,141July 15, 2013July 21, 201323 structures destroyed[80]
    SilverRiverside20,292 8,212August 7, 2013August 12, 201348 structures destroyed[81]
    RimTuolumne257,314 104,131August 17, 2013October 24, 2013112 structures destroyed[82]
    CloverShasta8,073 3,267September 9, 2013September 15, 201368 homes destroyed; 1 fatality[83]
    Happy Camp ComplexSiskiyou134,056 54,251August 14, 2014October 31, 20146 structures destroyed[84]
    KingEl Dorado97,717 39,545September 13, 2014October 9, 201480 structures destroyed[85]
    BolesSiskiyou516 209September 15, 2014October 11, 2014157 structures destroyed[86]
    LakeSan Bernardino31,359 12,691June 17, 2015August 1, 20154 structures destroyed[87]
    NorthSan Bernardino4,250 1,720July 17, 2015July 21, 20157 structures destroyed[88]
    RockyLake69,438 28,101July 29, 2015August 14, 201543 structures destroyed[89]
    ButteAmador, Calaveras70,868 28,679September 9, 2015October 1, 2015818 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities[90]
    ValleyLake, Napa, Sonoma76,067 30,783September 12, 2015October 15, 20151,955 structures destroyed; 4 fatalities[91]
    ErskineKern47,864 19,370June 23, 2016July 11, 2016309 buildings destroyed; 2 fatalities[92]
    SandLos Angeles41,432 16,767July 22, 2016August 3, 201618 homes destroyed, 2 fatalities[93]
    SoberanesMonterey132,127 53,470July 22, 2016October 12, 201657 homes, 11 outbuildings destroyed, 1 fatality[94]
    ChimneySan Luis Obispo46,344 18,755August 13, 2016September 6, 201668 structures destroyed[95]
    ClaytonLake3,929 1,590August 13, 2016August 26, 2016175 structures destroyed, including a Habitat for Humanity office[96]
    Blue CutSan Bernardino37,000 15,000August 16, 2016August 23, 2016105 homes, 213 outbuildings destroyed, 82,000+ evacuated[97]
    LomaSanta Clara4,474 1,811September 26, 2016October 12, 201628 structures destroyed[98]
    DetwilerMariposa81,826 33,114July 16, 2017August 24, 2017131 structures destroyed[99]
    TubbsSonoma36,807 14,895October 8, 2017October 31, 20175,643 structures destroyed; 22 fatalities[100][101][102]
    ThomasVentura, Santa Barbara281,893 114,078December 4, 2017January 12, 20181,063 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities; 104,607 evacuated[103][104][105][11][106]
    LilacSan Diego4,100 1,700December 7, 2017December 16, 2017157 structures destroyed; 10,000+ evacuated[107][108]
    FergusonMariposa96,901 39,214July 13, 2018August 19, 20182 firefighters killed, 19 injured[109]
    CarrShasta229,651 92,936July 23, 2018August 30, 20181,604 structures destroyed; 8 fatalities[110]
    Mendocino ComplexMendocino, Lake, Colusa, Glenn459,102 185,792July 27, 2018September 18, 2018277 structures destroyed, 1 fatality[111]
    CampButte153,336 62,050November 8, 2018November 25, 201818,804 structures destroyed, 85 fatalities[15][16]
    WoolseyLos Angeles, Ventura96,949 39,230November 8, 2018November 21, 20181,643 structures destroyed, 3 fatalities[112]

    Areas of repeated ignition
    The summer 2008 wildfires were widespread and deadly, with at least 3,596 wildfires of various origins burning throughout Northern and Central California, for around four months

    In some parts of California, fires can recur in areas with histories of fires. In Oakland, for example, fires of various size and ignition occurred in 1923, 1931, 1933, 1937, 1946, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1991, 1995, 2002, and 2008.[113][114] Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County, and Los Angeles County are other examples. Orange and San Bernardino counties share a border that runs north to south through the Chino Hills State Park, with the park's landscape ranging from large green coastal sage scrub, grassland, and woodland, to areas of brown sparsely dense vegetation made drier by droughts or hot summers. The valley's grass and barren land can become easily susceptible to dry spells and drought, therefore making it a prime spot for brush fires and conflagrations, many of which have occurred since 1914. Hills and canyons have seen brush or wildfires in 1914, the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and into today.[115]

    On occasion, lightning strikes from thunderstorms may also spark wildfires in areas that have seen past ignition. Examples of this are the 1999 Megram Fire, the 2008 California wildfires., as well as both the LNU and SCU Lightning Complex fires of 2020.

    See also

    References
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