Heinrich Sturm

Heinrich Sturm
Heinrich Sturm
Born	12 June 1920; Dieburg, Hesse
Died	22 December 1944 (aged 24); Csór, Hungary
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Army, Luftwaffe
Rank	Hauptmann (captain)
Commands held	4./JG 52, 5./JG 52
Battles/wars	World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Heinrich Sturm (12 June 1920 – 22 December 1944) was a fighter pilot in the Nazi German Luftwaffe during World War II. A flying ace, he claimed 158 victories and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was killed in a flying accident on 22 December 1944 in Csór, Hungary.

Military career

Sturm joined 6. Staffel (6th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd fighter wing) with the rank of Feldwebel (Sergeant) in the summer of 1941. He claimed his first three aerial victories at the end of the year.

He then transferred to a fighter school as instructor and returned to frontline service in November 1942. He was assigned to the Stab (headquarters unit) of II./JG 52 (2nd group of the 52nd fighter wing). In the period up to 17 December 1942 he scored a further six victories. On 1 January 1943, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant). He claimed his 20th aerial victory on 15 April 1943, adding five more on 20 April 1943, becoming an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time. He reached his 40th aerial victory on 30 June 1943 and shot down another 35 aircraft over the next five months, reaching a total of 75 on 30 November 1943.

On 1 August 1943, Sturm was appointed acting Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel (4th squadron) of JG 52. He replaced Leutnant Helmut Lipfert in this capacity who was transferred to the 6. Staffel (4th squadron) of JG 52. Sturm later officially became the Staffelkapitän of 4. Staffel on 1 September 1943, succeeding Hauptmann Gerhard Barkhorn who was given command of II. Gruppe.[1]

He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 26 March 1944. He was the 66th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[2] A few weeks later on 16 April, he was wounded badly by bomb debris on Chersonese airfield in Crimea.

In August 1944, he returned to JG 52 and took over command of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52, his score standing at 111. He replaced Otto Fönnekold, who was killed in action on 31 August. [3] On 22 December 1944, he claimed his last two aerial victories. Taking off for another sortie from Csór that day, one of his Bf 109 G-6/U4 (Werknummer 442036—factory number) aircraft's landing gear struts hit a truck, killing him in the accident.[4][5] The following day, command of 5. Staffel was given to Leutnant Peter Düttmann.[6]

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Sturm claimed 157 aerial victories in an unknown number of combat missions, all of them on the Eastern Front.[7] Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he is attributed with 158 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. The archives revealed records for 123 of these claims. However, there are 52 additional claims attributed to II. Gruppe of JG 52 in the timeframe November to December 1944 that have no names associated to them. The authors assume that many of these claims belong to Sturm.[8]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 19424". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km²). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size.[9]

Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Sturm an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Matthews and Foreman.
Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location	Claim	Date	Time	Type	Location
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[10] Operation Barbarossa — June – December 1941
1	18 October 1941	13:27	Pe-2[11]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[10] Eastern Front — 7 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
2	28 May 1942	18:35	Il-2[12]		6	8 December 1942	08:21	Boston	PQ 19424[13]
3	30 June 1942	09:22	LaGG-3[14]		7	8 December 1942	17:15?[Note 1]	Il-2	PQ 29652[13]
4	28 August 1942	I-180 (Yak-7)	11:12	PQ 49172[16] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Pitomnik	8	17 December 1942	07:47	LaGG-3	PQ 49772[17] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Aksal
5	30 October 1942	09:23	Yak-1	PQ 95823[18] 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Lazarevskoye	9	17 December 1942	13:20?[Note 2]	Il-2	PQ 3976[17]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[15] Eastern Front — 4 February – 1 August 1943
10	13 February 1943	15:17	LaGG-3	5 km (3.1 mi) south of Novorossiysk[19]	26♠	20 April 1943	11:10	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 75461, 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Datscho[20] southwest of Kabardinka
11	23 February 1943	06:38	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75211[21] southeast of Gostagajewskaja	27♠	20 April 1943	16:10	LaGG-3?[Note 3]	PQ 34 Ost 75462[20] Black Sea, 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Gelendzhik
12	23 February 1943	06:42	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 7525[21]	28♠	20 April 1943	16:13	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 75464, 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Gelendzhik[20] Black Sea, 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Kabardinka
13	5 March 1943	09:17	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 8656, Flamanskaja[21]	29♠	20 April 1943	16:14	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 85371[20] vicinity of Gelendzhik
14	5 March 1943	09:21	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 8662[21]	30♠	20 April 1943	16:19?[Note 5]	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 75462, over of Kabardinka[20]
15	10 March 1943	14:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8515[21] 20 km (12 mi) north of Novocherkassk	31	21 April 1943	11:02	MiG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75462[20]
16	10 March 1943	14:15	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 8516[21] 20 km (12 mi) north of Novocherkassk	32	21 April 1943	11:20	MiG-3	PQ 34 Ost 75464[20] Black Sea, 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Kabardinka
17	12 March 1943	11:25	U-2	PQ 34 Ost 85234[21] vicinity of Cholmskaja	33	23 April 1943	07:20	Pe-2	PQ 34 Ost 85561[20] Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik
18	22 March 1943	13:45	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 86393[22] south of Nowo-Nikplajewskaja	34	9 May 1943	16:28	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 75264, 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Krymskaja[23] east of Nowo-Bakanskoja
19	22 March 1943	13:55	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 86454[22] south of Dneprowskaja	35	30 May 1943	07:46	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 75352[24] Black Sea, south of Anapa
20	15 April 1943	12:05	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85142, 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Abinskaja[20] southeast of Krymsk	36	31 May 1943	17:39	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 76894, east of Kijewskoje[24]
21	15 April 1943	15:17	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85181[20] northeast of Usun	37	3 June 1943	17:47	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 76893, 8 km (5.0 mi) southeast of Kijewskoje[24] south of Bakanskij
22	15 April 1943	15:20?[Note 6]	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85184[20] southeast of Tscherkassowski	38	3 June 1943	18:09?[Note 7]	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 76773, southwestern edge of Kijewskoje[24] northeast of Krymsk
23	16 April 1943	16:13	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 85273[20] vicinity of Dneprowskaja	39	3 June 1943	18:11	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 75232, 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Kijewskoje[24] north of Krymsk
24	17 April 1943	11:05	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 86452[20] 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Novorossiysk	40	6 June 1943	07:36	La-5	PQ 34 Ost 76894, east of Kijewskoje[24]
25	17 April 1943	11:10	LaGG-3	PQ 34 Ost 85371, 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Gelendzhik[20]	41	6 June 1943	07:37	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 76894, east of Kijewskoje[24]
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[25] Eastern Front — September – 31 December 1943
42	1 September 1943	13:32	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 41812[26] 25 km (16 mi) north of Busk	63♠	5 November 1943	07:22	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66731, south of Eltigen[27]
43	1 September 1943	16:36	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 60322[26] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Merefa	64♠	5 November 1943	07:30	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66732[27] vicinity of Tobetschik
44	5 September 1943	08:01	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 51874[26] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Bogoduchow	65♠	5 November 1943	11:47	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66671, east of Kerch[28]
45	5 September 1943	08:02	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 51873[26] 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Bogoduchow	66♠	5 November 1943	12:07	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66672[28] east of Kerch
46	6 September 1943	06:20	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 41483[29] 30 km (19 mi) south-westsouth of Lebedin	67♠	5 November 1943	15:00	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssy[28] east of Bulganak
47	6 September 1943	15:20	LaGG-3	PQ 35 Ost 60184[29] 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Merefa	68♠	6 November 1943	07:35	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66564[28] vicinity of Kerch
48	7 September 1943	05:45	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 60334[29] 25 km (16 mi) east of Taranovka	69♠	6 November 1943	07:45	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[28] vicinity of Tobetschik
49	2 October 1943	17:07	P-39	PQ 34 Ost 58683[30] 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Bolschoj Tokmak	70♠	6 November 1943	11:05	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66841[28] Kerch Strait, southwest of Tamanj
50	13 October 1943	15:41	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 10154[30] 20 km (12 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi	71♠	6 November 1943	11:45	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66813[28] Kerch Strait, vicinity of Kap Tusla
51	13 October 1943	15:42	La-5	PQ 35 Ost 10161[30] 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi	72♠	6 November 1943	11:47	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66813[28] Kerch Strait, vicinity of Kap Tusla
52	13 October 1943	15:45	Yak-9	PQ 35 Ost 10133[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi	73♠	6 November 1943	15:10	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 6653[28]
53	15 October 1943	05:49	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 10131, 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Traktomirow[30] 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi	74	30 November 1943	12:03	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66732, east of Eltigen[31] vicinity of Tobetschik
54	15 October 1943	15:17	Yak-1	PQ 35 Ost 10124[30] 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi	75	30 November 1943	12:07	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66592[31] south of Kerch
55	22 October 1943	15:09	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 39321[27] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Alexandrija	76	2 December 1943	07:19	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 6673, 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Eltigen[31]
56	22 October 1943	15:14	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 39324[27] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Alexandrija	77	2 December 1943	07:25	Il-2	1 km (0.62 mi) southeast of Tobetschik[31]
57	26 October 1943	07:35	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 57142[27] 20 km (12 mi) west of Melitopol	78	2 December 1943	07:29	Il-2	3 km (1.9 mi) southeast of Ortmaeti[31]
58	29 October 1943	11:07	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 47182[27] 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Ivanovka	79	5 December 1943	07:43	Yak-9	south of Kossa Tusla[32]
59	2 November 1943	13:30	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 66813[27] Kerch Strait, vicinity of Kap Tusla	80	9 December 1943	11:15	Il-2	southeast of Kossa Tusla[32]
60	4 November 1943	09:07	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 66641, northwest of Bakssy[27] east of Bulganak	81	11 December 1943	11:40	P-39	east of Kamysch-Burun[32]
61	4 November 1943	14:17	Yak-1	PQ 34 Ost 6653[27]	82	13 December 1943	09:46	P-40	east of Eltigen[32]
62♠	5 November 1943	07:15	Il-2 m.H.[Note 4]	PQ 34 Ost 66813[27] Kerch Strait, vicinity of Kap Tusla
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[33] Eastern Front — 1 January – April 1944
83	12 January 1944	06:55	Boston	vicinity of Kap Tarchan	95	7 April 1944	14:12	Yak-1
84	12 January 1944	06:57	P-39	vicinity of Bagerowo	96♠	8 April 1944	11:25	Il-2	20 km (12 mi) southeast of Perekop
85	12 January 1944	08:40	P-39	vicinity of Grammatikowo	97♠	8 April 1944	11:27	Yak-1	vicinity of An-Najman
86	12 January 1944	11:30	P-39	vicinity of Malyj	98♠	8 April 1944	13:35	Yak-1	10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Perekop
87	7 February 1944	06:18	Yak-1	Kap Chroni	99♠	8 April 1944	13:40	Il-2	An-Najman
88	8 February 1944	10:08	Yak-9	east of Bulganek	100♠	8 April 1944	15:45	Yak-7	20 km (12 mi) southeast of Perekop
89	10 February 1944	15:52	Yak-9	east of Bulganek	101♠	8 April 1944	17:31	P-39	east of Tomoschewka
90	15 February 1944	06:08	P-39	east of Kerch	102♠	8 April 1944	17:44	Yak-1	vicinity of An-Najman
91	14 March 1944	15:35	Yak-7	30 km (19 mi) south of Dornburg	103♠	8 April 1944	17:47	Yak-1	25 km (16 mi) southeast of Perekop
92	26 March 1944	16:06	Yak-1	10 km (6.2 mi) south of Genitschek	104	10 April 1944	08:16	Yak-7	vicinity of Tomaschewka
93	6 April 1944	13:39	Yak-1	south of Gromovka	105	13 April 1944	08:22	Yak-7	15 km (9.3 mi) east of Sevastopol
94	7 April 1944	14:10	Il-2	vicinity of Feodosia	106	13 April 1944	13:30	Yak-7	vicinity of An-Najman
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[34] Eastern Front — September 1944
107	24 September 1944	09:22	Ju 87	10 km (6.2 mi) west-northwest of Turda	109	24 September 1944	11:45	La-5	40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Klausenburg
108	24 September 1944	11:40	Il-2	10 km (6.2 mi) north of Turda	110	25 September 1944	13:37	Hs 129	vicinity of Turda
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[34] Eastern Front — October – December 1944
111	18 October 1944	15:29	Yak-7	north of Miki Peres	118	31 October 1944	15:28	Il-2	west of Kecskemét
112	20 October 1944	07:59	La-5	30 km (19 mi) east of Szolnok	119	2 November 1944	11:35	Yak-9	30 km (19 mi) north-northwest of Nagykőrös
113	29 October 1944	14:35	La-5	25 km (16 mi) northeast of Szolnok	120	23 November 1944	11:21	Il-2	20 km (12 mi) southwest of Gyöngyös
114	29 October 1944	14:36	Il-2	vicinity of Szolnok	121	23 November 1944	11:22	Il-2	20 km (12 mi) southwest of Gyöngyös
115	31 October 1944	15:18	La-5	north of Kecskemét	122	22 December 1944	—	unknown	vicinity of Csór
116	31 October 1944	15:23	Il-2	vicinity of Kecskemét	122	22 December 1944	—	unknown	vicinity of Csór
117	31 October 1944	15:26	La-5	north of Kecskemét

Awards

Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class
Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 26 July 1943 as Leutnant and pilot[35]
German Cross in Gold on 23 July 1943 as Leutnant in the Stab/Jagdgeschwader 52[36]
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 26 March 1944 as Leutnant (war officer) and Staffelführer of the 4./Jagdgeschwader 52[37][38]

Notes

According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:15.[15]
According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:30.[15]
According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as Ilyushin Il-2 mit Heckschütze, with rear gunner.[15]
The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 16:17.[15]
According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:15.[15]
According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 18:06.[15]

References

Citations

Prien et al. 2012, pp. 374.
Obermaier 1989, p. 244.
Weal 2004, p. 112.
Weal 2004, p. 116.
Barbas 2005, p. 323.
Barbas 2005, p. 286.
Spick 1996, p. 229.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1293–1295.
Planquadrat.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1440.
Prien et al. 2003, p. 46.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 482.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 496.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 484.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1293.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 489.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 497.
Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 378.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 381.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 379.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 380.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 383.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 384.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1293–1294.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 388.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 391.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 392.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 389.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 390.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 393.
Prien et al. 2012, p. 394.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1294–1295.
Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1295.
Patzwall 2008, p. 202.
Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 467.
Scherzer 2007, p. 734.
Fellgiebel 2000, p. 417.

Bibliography

Barbas, Bernd (2005). Die Geschichte der II. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). ISBN 978-3-923457-71-7.
Bergström, Christer. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
Matthews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
Weal, John (2004). Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten (Aviation Elite Units). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-786-4.

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[16] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:15.[15]

[20] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 13:30.[15]

[24] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed as Ilyushin Il-2 mit Heckschütze, with rear gunner.[15]

[Il-2_m.H.-25] The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).

[26] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 16:17.[15]

[30] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 15:15.[15]

[31] According to Matthews and Foreman claimed at 18:06.[15]

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012374-1] Prien et al. 2012, pp. 374.

[FOOTNOTEObermaier1989244-2] Obermaier 1989, p. 244.

[FOOTNOTEWeal2004112-3] Weal 2004, p. 112.

[FOOTNOTEWeal2004116-4] Weal 2004, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2005323-5] Barbas 2005, p. 323.

[FOOTNOTEBarbas2005286-6] Barbas 2005, p. 286.

[FOOTNOTESpick1996229-7] Spick 1996, p. 229.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151293–1295-8] Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1293–1295.

[FOOTNOTE''Planquadrat''-9] Planquadrat.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151440-10] Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1440.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock200346-11] Prien et al. 2003, p. 46.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006482-12] Prien et al. 2006, p. 482.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006496-13] Prien et al. 2006, p. 496.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006484-14] Prien et al. 2006, p. 484.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151293-15] Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1293.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006489-17] Prien et al. 2006, p. 489.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006497-18] Prien et al. 2006, p. 497.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2006492-19] Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012378-21] Prien et al. 2012, p. 378.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012381-22] Prien et al. 2012, p. 381.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012379-23] Prien et al. 2012, p. 379.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012380-27] Prien et al. 2012, p. 380.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012383-28] Prien et al. 2012, p. 383.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012384-29] Prien et al. 2012, p. 384.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151293–1294-32] Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1293–1294.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012388-33] Prien et al. 2012, p. 388.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012391-34] Prien et al. 2012, p. 391.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012392-35] Prien et al. 2012, p. 392.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012389-36] Prien et al. 2012, p. 389.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012390-37] Prien et al. 2012, p. 390.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012393-38] Prien et al. 2012, p. 393.

[FOOTNOTEPrienStemmerRodeikeBock2012394-39] Prien et al. 2012, p. 394.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151294–1295-40] Matthews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1294–1295.

[FOOTNOTEMatthewsForeman20151295-41] Matthews & Foreman 2015, p. 1295.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwall2008202-42] Patzwall 2008, p. 202.

[FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001467-43] Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 467.

[FOOTNOTEScherzer2007734-44] Scherzer 2007, p. 734.

[FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000417-45] Fellgiebel 2000, p. 417.

German World War II flying aces with 100+ aerial victories
300+	Erich Hartmann (352) Gerhard Barkhorn (301)
250–299	Günther Rall (275) Otto Kittel (267) Walter Nowotny (258)
200–249	Wilhelm Batz (237) Erich Rudorffer (222) Heinrich Bär (220) Hermann Graf (212) Heinrich Ehrler (208) Theodor Weissenberger (208) Hans Philipp (206) Walter Schuck (206) Anton Hafner (204) Helmut Lipfert (203)
150–199	Walter Krupinski (197) Anton Hackl (192) Joachim Brendel (189) Max Stotz (189) Joachim Kirschner (188) Kurt Brändle (180) Günther Josten (178) Johannes Steinhoff (176) Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert (174) Günther Schack (174) Emil Lang (173) Heinz Schmidt (173) Horst Ademeit (166) Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke (162) Hans-Joachim Marseille (158) Heinrich Sturm (158) Gerhard Thyben (157) Hans Beißwenger (152) Peter Düttmann (152) Gordon Gollob (150)
100–149	Fritz Tegtmeier (146) Albin Wolf (144) Kurt Tanzer (143) Friedrich-Karl Müller (140) Karl Gratz (138) Heinrich Setz (138) Rudolf Trenkel (138) Franz Schall (137) Walter Wolfrum (137) Horst-Günther von Fassong (136)? Otto Fönnekold (136) Karl-Heinz Weber (136) Joachim Müncheberg (135) Hans Waldmann (134) Alfred Grislawski (133) Johannes Wiese (133) Adolf Borchers (132) Erwin Clausen (132) Adolf Dickfeld (132) Wilhelm Lemke (131) Gerhard Hoffmann (130) Heinrich Sterr (130) Walther Dahl (129) Franz Eisenach (129) Franz Dörr (128) Rudolf Rademacher (126)? Josef Zwernemann (126) Dietrich Hrabak (125) Wolf-Udo Ettel (124) Herbert Ihlefeld (123) Wolfgang Tonne (122) Heinz Marquardt (121) Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer (121) Robert Weiß (121) Friedrich Obleser (120) Erich Leie (118) Franz-Josef Beerenbrock (117) Hans-Joachim Birkner (117) Jakob Norz (117) Walter Oesau (117) Heinz Wernicke (117) August Lambert (116) Wilhelm Crinius (114) Werner Schröer (114) Hans Dammers (113) Berthold Korts (113) Helmut Lent (113) Kurt Bühligen (112) Kurt Ubben (110) Franz Woidich (110) Emil Bitsch (108) Hans Hahn (108) Bernhard Vechtel (108) Viktor Bauer (106) Werner Lucas (106) Günther Lützow (105) Eberhard von Boremski (104) Adolf Galland (104) Heinz Sachsenberg (104) Hartmann Grasser (103) Siegfried Freytag (102) Friedrich Geißhardt (102) Egon Mayer (102) Max-Hellmuth Ostermann (102) Josef Wurmheller (102) Rudolf Miethig (101) Werner Mölders (101) Josef Priller (101) Ulrich Wernitz (101) Reinhard Seiler (100)
List of German World War II aces List of top World War II aces This along with the ? (question mark) indicates doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.