Hui'an dialect

The Hui'an dialect (simplified Chinese: 惠安话; traditional Chinese: 惠安話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hūi-oaⁿ-ōe), is a variety of Chinese mostly spoken in Hui'an in South Fujian Province, China. It belongs to the Hokkien subgroup of Southern Min.[1]

Hui'an dialect
惠安话 / 惠安話
Native toChina
RegionMainly in Hui'an and parts of Quangang District (formerly part of Hui'an), South Fujian province.
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone
Linguasphere79-AAA-jda

Phonology

The Hui'an dialect has 14 phonemic initials and over 80 finals.[2][3]

Consonants
  bilabial alveolar velar glottal
plosive voiced /b/
马 / 馬		 /ɡ/
鹅 / 鵝
voiceless unaspirated /p/
布		 /t/
大		 /k/
歌		 /ʔ/
乌 / 烏
voiceless aspirated /pʰ/
坡		 /tʰ/
兔		 /kʰ/
去
affricate voiceless unaspirated /ts/
左
voiceless aspirated /tsʰ/
菜
fricative voiceless /s/
苏 / 蘇		 /h/
鱼 / 魚
approximant /l/
旅

The three voiced phonemes /b/, /l/ and /ɡ/ are realized as the nasal stops [m], [n] and [ŋ], respectively, before nasalized finals.[4][3]

The phoneme /l/ may be treated as a plosive, i.e. /d/.[5]

The alveolar phonemes /ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ are palatalized to [tɕ], [tɕʰ] and [ɕ], respectively, before /i/.[5]

Finals
/i//ĩ//iʔ//ĩʔ/
/u//uʔ//un//ut/
/a//ã//au//aʔ//ãʔ//auʔ//ãuʔ//am//an//aŋ//ap//at//ak/
/ai//ãi//ãiʔ/
/e//ẽ//eʔ//ẽʔ//em//en//eŋ//ep//et/
/o//oʔ/
/ɔ//ɔ̃//ɔ̃ʔ//ɔŋ//ɔk/
/ɯ//ɯʔ/
/ə//əʔ//ən//ət/
/iu//iũ//iuʔ//iũʔ/
/ia//iã//iau//iãu//iaʔ//iãʔ//iauʔ//iãuʔ//iaŋ//iak/
/io//ioʔ/
/iɔŋ//iɔk/
/ui//uĩ//uiʔ//uĩʔ/
/ua//uã//uai//uãi//uaʔ//uãiʔ//uan//uaŋ//uat/
/ue//ueʔ/
/m̩ʔ//m̩/
/ŋ̍ʔ//ŋ̍/

Grammar

The demonstrative system has five pairs of pronouns with a two-way distinction:[6][7]

ProximalDistalTranslation
这 / 這 tsit7 (+ number) + numerative彼 hit7 (+ number) + numerativethis/that; these/those; this/that kind of
这 / 這 tsat8彼 hat8this/that
这 / 這 tse2彼 hə2this/that kind of (generic)
遮 tsuai2徊 huai2these/those; this/that
种个 / 種個 tsiɔŋ3-2 e2响个 / 響個 hiɔŋ3-2 e2this/that kind of

Comparison with other varieties of Hokkien

Compared with the Quanzhou dialect (spoken in the central urban area of Quanzhou city), the greatest differences are present in the rimes:[8][9]

Hui'an Quanzhou Example
Hui'anQuanzhou
/em/ /iam/ 粘
/lem˨˦/ /liam˨˦/
/im/ 林
/lem˨˦/ /lim˨˦/
/ep/ /iap/ 接
/tsep˥/ /tsiap˥/
/ip/ 执 / 執
/tsep˥/ /tsip˥/
/en/ /ian/ 烟 / 煙
/en˧/ /ian˧/
/in/ 因
/en˧/ /in˧/
/et/ /iat/ 浙
/tset˥/ /tsiat˥/
/it/ 质 / 質
/tset˥/ /tsit˥/
/eŋ/ /iŋ/ 兵
/peŋ˧/ /piŋ˧/
/ən/ /un/ 银 / 銀
/gən˨˦/ /gun˨˦/
/ət/ /ut/ 核
/hət˨˧/ /hut˨˦/

Notes
  1. Chen 2008, p. 568.
  2. Chen 2011, pp. 17–22.
  3. Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board 1998, ch. 1, sec. 1.
  4. Chen 2011, p. 18.
  5. Chen 2011, p. 19.
  6. Chen 2008, pp. 569–570.
  7. Chen 2011, pp. 96.
  8. Zhou 2006, pp. 1138–1139.
  9. Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board 1998.

References
  • Chen, Weirong (2008). "Relative Clauses in Hui'an Dialect" (PDF). In Chan, Marjorie K.M.; Kang, Hana (eds.). Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20). Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University. pp. 567–582.
  • Chen, Weirong (2011). The Southern Min Dialect of Hui'an: Morphosyntax and Grammaticalization (PhD). University of Hong Kong. doi:10.5353/th_b4642142.
  • Hui'an County Local Chronicles Editorial Board, ed. (1998). 惠安县志 (in Chinese). Volume 35: 方言. Beijing: China Local Records Publishing. ISBN 7-80122-352-7.
  • Zhou, Changji, ed. (2006). 闽南方言大词典 (in Chinese). Fuzhou: Fujian People's Publishing House. ISBN 7-211-03896-9.


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