Huizhou dialect

The Huizhou dialect (simplified Chinese: 惠州话; traditional Chinese: 惠州話; pinyin: Huìzhōuhuà) is a Chinese dialect spoken in and around Huicheng District, the traditional urban centre of Huizhou, Guangdong.[2] The locals also call the dialect Bendihua (simplified Chinese: 本地话; traditional Chinese: 本地話; pinyin: Běndìhuà; lit. 'local speech') and distinguish it from the dialect spoken in Meixian and Danshui, Huiyang, which they call Hakka (simplified Chinese: 客家话; traditional Chinese: 客家話; pinyin: Kèjiāhuà).[2][3]

For the group of dialects spoken in the historical region of Huīzhōu (徽州), see Huizhou Chinese.
Huizhou dialect
惠州话 / 惠州話
Native toChina
RegionHuizhou, Guangdong
Native speakers
110,000 (2002)[1]
Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
hak-hui Huizhou
Glottologhuiz1243  Huizhou
Linguasphere79-AAA-gai
79-AAA-gaj

Classification

The classification of the Huizhou dialect is disputed because it shows characteristics of both Yue and Hakka. Most scholars classify the Huizhou dialect as a dialect of Hakka, but some scholars, most notably Liu Shuxin, consider it to be a dialect of Yue.[2]

The first edition of the Language Atlas of China puts it into its own subgroup under Hakka known as the Huizhou subgroup (惠州片; Huìzhōu piàn).[4] In the second edition, it is still classified as a dialect of Hakka, but it is placed under the Mei–Hui cluster (梅惠小片; Méi-Huì xiǎopiàn) of the Yue–Tai subgroup (粤台片; 粵臺片; Yuè-Tái piàn).[5]

Liu Shuxin groups it together with other similar dialects spoken around the middle and upper reaches of the Dong River, including the Heyuan dialect, into the Hui–He branch (惠河系; Huì-Hé xì) of Yue.[6] Chang Song-hing and Zhuang Chusheng propose a similar grouping called the Hui–He subgroup (惠河片; Huì-Hé piàn), but they classify the group as Hakka.[7]

Phonology

Tones

The Huizhou dialect has seven tones:[8]

Tone name dark level
(阴平 / 陰平)		 light level
(阳平 / 陽平)		 rising
(上声 / 上聲)		 dark departing
(阴去 / 陰去)		 light departing
(阳去 / 陽去)		 dark entering
(阴入 / 陰入)		 light entering
(阳入 / 陽入)
Example 哥人许 / 許 气 / 氣事 急及
Tone letter ˧ (33)[upper-alpha 1] ˨ (22)[upper-alpha 2] ˧˥ (35) ˨˩˧ (213)[upper-alpha 3] ˧˩ (31)[upper-alpha 4] ˦˥ (45), ˥ (5) ˨˩ (21)[upper-alpha 5]
  1. Also recorded as ˦ (44)[9][10] or ˥ (55).[11]
  2. Also recorded as ˩ (11)[12][10] or ˧ (33).[11]
  3. Also recorded as ˩˧ (13).[11][12][9][10]
  4. Also recorded as ˥˧ (53)[11] or ˨˩ (21).[12]
  5. Also recorded as ˨ (2),[12][10] ˩ (1)[11] or ˧ (3).[9]

Other than these seven tones, ˥ (55) appears in some grammatical particles.[13]

Grammar

The Huizhou dialect has several aspectual markers that attach to the verb as suffixes:[14][15]

AspectMarker
Progressive紧 / 緊 /kin˧˥/, 稳 / 穩 /ũn˧˥/
Perfective抛 / 拋 /pʰau˧ ~ au˧ ~ ei˧/, □ /ei˥/
Experiential过 / 過 /kɔ˨˩˧/

Notes
  1. HZSHCQZ 2012, p. 113.
  2. Hou 2017, p. 159.
  3. Huang 1987, p. 255.
  4. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences & Australian Academy of the Humanities 1987, B15.
  5. Xie & Huang 2012, p. 117.
  6. Liu 2007, p. 189.
  7. Chang & Zhuang 2008, p. 410.
  8. Liu 1991, pp. 14–15.
  9. Hou 2008, p. 41.
  10. Yan 2009, pp. 2–3.
  11. Huang 1987, p. 256.
  12. Liu 2007, p. 41.
  13. Liu 1991, p. 15.
  14. Liu 1991, pp. 228–229.
  15. Chen 2010.

References
  • Chang, Song-hing; Zhuang, Chusheng (2008). 廣東方言的地理格局與自然地理及歷史地理的關係 [Geographical Distribution of Guangdong Dialects: Their Linkage with Natural and Historical Geography] (PDF). Journal of Chinese Studies (in Chinese) (48): 407–422.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Chen, Shu-huan (2010). 惠州方言的完成体助词“抛”和“□[ei⁵⁵]” [Auxiliaries of Perfect Aspect Pao and [ei⁵⁵] in Huizhou Dialect]. Journal of Huizhou University (in Chinese). 30 (4): 8–14.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Australian Academy of the Humanities (1987). 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Longman Group (Far East). ISBN 0-582-99903-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hou, Xiaoying (2008). 东江中上游本地话研究 [A Study of Bendihua in the Middle and Upper Reaches of Dongjiang Basin] (PhD) (in Chinese). Xiamen University.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hou, Xiaoying (2017). 惠州话：粤色客底的粤化客方言 [Huizhou Dialect: a Hakka Dialect Greatly Influenced by Yue Dialect]. Academic Research (in Chinese) (7): 159–169.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Huang, Xuezhen (1987). 惠州话的归属. Fangyan (in Chinese) (4): 255–263.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Local Gazetteer Editorial Committee of Huicheng District, Huizhou City, ed. (2012). 惠州市惠城区志 [Gazetteer of Huicheng District, Huizhou City] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong People's Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-218-08115-1.
  • Liu, Ruoyun (1991). 惠州方言志 [Huizhou Dialect Gazetteer] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong Science & Technology Press. ISBN 7-5359-0658-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Liu, Shuxin (2007). 东江中上游土语群研究——粤语惠河系探考 [A Study of the Group of Vernaculars Spoken around the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Dong River—An Investigation of the Hui–He Branch of Yue] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Society Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-5087-1716-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Xie, Liuwen; Huang, Xuezhen (2012). B1—17 客家话. 中国语言地图集 [Language Atlas of China] (in Chinese). 汉语方言卷 (2nd ed.). Beijing: Commercial Press. pp. 116–124. ISBN 978-7-100-07054-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Yan, Xiuhong (2009). 河源惠州“本地话”语音概略（一） [A Summary of the Phonology of "Bendihua" in Heyuan and Huizhou] (PDF) (in Chinese). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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