Kamakan language
The Kamakã language (Kamakan), or Ezeshio, is an extinct language of a small family believed to be part of the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil. Dialects included Kotoxó and Mongoyó/Mangaló.
| Kamakã | |
|---|---|
| Ezeshio | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Bahia |
| Extinct | first half 20th century |
Macro-Jê
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | vkm |
| Glottolog | kama1372 Kamakancoto1237 Cotoxo |
Phonology
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Close-mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Mid | ə | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a ã |
- /ə/ can also be realized as a back vowel sound [ʌ].
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | tʃ | k | |
| Fricative | f | s | ʃ | x | h |
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||
| Approximant | j | w |
- /ɾ/ can be in free variation with a fricative [ʒ] and a lateral [l].
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding /k/.[1]
Classification
The Kamakã is a subset of the entire macro-Jê. The spoken language was spoken by several groups of Native Americans who lived in the region of Bahia: the Kamaka, Mongoyó, Menién, Kotoxó and Masakará.[2]
References
- Grahl, João A. P. (2009). Kamakã em Prolog: Possibilidades de análise de uma língua de tradição oral morta. Universidade Federal do Paraná.
- Rivail Ribeiro et van der Voort 2010, p. 547.
Sources
- Eduardo Rivail Ribeiro, Hein van der Voort, Nimuendajú Was Right : The Inclusion of the Jabuti Language Family in the Macro-Jê Stock, International Journal of American Linguistics, 76:4, pp. 517-570, 2010.
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