Kamviri dialect

Kamviri (کامويري) is a dialect of the Kamkata-vari language spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 of the Kom people of Afghanistan and Pakistan. There are slight dialectal differences of the Kamviri speakers of Pakistan. The most used alternative names are Kati, Kamozi or Bashgali.

Kamviri
کامويري
Native toAfghanistan, Pakistan
RegionBashgal Valley, and Southern Chitral District, Langorbat, Badrugal and the Urtsun Valley
Native speakers
20,000 (2011)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xvi
Glottologkamv1242
Linguasphere58-ACB-ad

Phonology

The inventory as described by Richard Strand.[2] In addition, there is stress.

The neutral articulatory posture, as in the reduced vowel /a/, consists of the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and a raised tongue root is linked with a raised larynx, producing a characteristic pitch for unstressed vowels of about an octave above the pitch of a relaxed larynx.

Consonants
Labial Apical
Dental		 Apical
Alveolar		 Laminal
Alveolar		 Velar Post-velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t̪ t k k̠ ⟨q⟩ (ʔ)
voiced b d̪ d ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡s̪ t͡s t͡s̻
voiced d͡z̪ d͡z d͡z̻
Fricative voiceless (f) s̪ s s̻ (x) (ħ) (h)
voiced β̞ (z̪) z (z̻) (ɣ) (ʕ)
Nasal m n̪ n ŋ
Tap d̆ (ɾ)
Approximant lateral l̪
central ɹ ɹ̃
  • Sounds in parentheses are found in loanwords.
  • /d̆/ is an (upward) tap and /ɾ/ a (forward) flap.

Between vowels, /s̪, s, s̻/ voice to [z̪, z, z̻]. /k/ becomes a velar tap [ɡ̆]. For most speakers, and especially in Kombřom, /t/ becomes a retroflex flap [ɽ]. One suffix /t̪i/ voices to [d̪i] for most speakers.

/tl, dl/ are phonetic affricates.

Nasals voice a following obstruent.

Laminal consonants change a following /a/ from [ɨ] to [i].

Vowels
Front Central Back
High i y ɨ ⟨a⟩ u
Mid e o
Low a ⟨â⟩ (ɔ)

/a/ is [ː] after another vowel, [i] after a laminal consonant and after /ik, ek, iɡ, eɡ/. For some speakers, it is [u] after /uk, yk, uɡ, yɡ/. Otherwise it is [ɨ].

Vocabulary

Pronouns:

1sg. õć (nominative), ĩa (accusative), ĩ (genitive)

1pl. imo (nominative/genitive), imoa (accusative)

2sg. tū (nominative), tua (accusative), tu (genitive)

2pl. šo (nominative/genitive), šoa (accusative)

Numbers:

1: ev

2: dū

3: tre

4: što

5: puc

6: ṣu

7: sut

8: uṣṭ

9: nu

10: duć

References
  1. Kamviri at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. The Sound System of kâmvʹiri

Bibliography
  • The Kom. Retrieved July 2, 2006, from Richard F. Strand: Nuristan, Hidden Land of the Hindu-Kush .
  • Strand, Richard F. (1997). "Nuristan: Hidden Land of the Hindu Kush". Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  • Strand, Richard F. (1999). "Kâmv'iri Lexicon". Retrieved 2012-01-16.
  • Strand, Richard F. (1997). "The Sound System of Kâmv'iri". Retrieved 2012-01-16.


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