Bagri language
The Bagri language (बागड़ी) forms something of a dialect bridge between Haryanvi, Rajasthani, and Punjabi and takes its name from the Bagar tract region of Northwestern India.[3] The speakers are mostly in India, with pockets in the Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar districts of the Punjab in Pakistan.
| Bagri | |
|---|---|
| बागड़ी | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Bagar |
| Ethnicity | Bagri |
Native speakers | 1,890,815 (2011 census)[1] 2001 Census 2,081,044 speakers of Bagri Rajasthani and Punjabi Bagri.[2] |
Indo-European
| |
| Devanagari | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bgq |
| Glottolog | bagr1243 |
Bagri is a typical Indo-Aryan language akin to Haryanvi, with SOV word order. The most striking phonological feature of Bagri is the presence of three lexical tones: high, mid and low, akin to Punjabi.[4] The language has a very high (65%) lexical similarity with Haryanvi. According to the 2011 Census, there are 234,227 speakers of Bagri Rajasthani and 1,656,588 speakers of Punjabi Bagri.[5]
Features
Phonology
Bagri distinguishes 31 consonants including a retroflex series, 10 vowels, 2 diphthongs and 3 tones.
Declension
- There are two numbers: singular and plural.
- Two genders: masculine and feminine.
- Three cases: simple, oblique, and vocative. Case marking is partly inflectional and partly postpositional.
- Nouns are declined according to their final segments.
- All pronouns are inflected for number and case but gender is distinguished only in the third person singular pronouns.
- The third person pronouns are distinguished on the proximity/remoteness dimension in each gender.
- Adjectives are of two types: either ending in /-o/ or not.
- Cardinal numbers up to ten are inflected.
- Both present and past participles function as adjectives.
Verbs
- There are three tenses and four moods.
Syntax
- Sentence types are of traditional nature.
- Coordination and subordination are very important in complex sentences.
- Parallel lexicon are existing and are very important from sociolinguistic point of view.
Samples
| Bagri | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| तेरो नाम के है | Tero nām ke hai | What is your name? |
| किन्नै जावै है? | kinne jāve hai | Where are you going? |
| इन्नै आ | inne ā | Come here |
| क्यूकर है ? | kyūkara hai | How are you? |
| टींगर टीटणं नां मार | ṭīṅgar ṭīṭaṇ nā mār | Hey kid! Don't waste our time. |
| तन्नै कुचरणीं ही करनी है के ? | tannai kučaraṇīṃ hī karni hai ke | Do you only want to disturb things? |
| बातां गा पीसा लागै है. | bātāṃ gā pīsā lāgai | Talking costs money. |
| मुंह करै जिया बताऊ जिसों या मुंह करै बताऊ बरगो | Munh kara jiyā batāū jiso or Munh kara Batāū bargo | Your face looks like eggplant. |
| क्यांमी राफ चोड़ी करै है रे? | kyāmī rāpha čoṛī karai hai re | Why are you making your mouth as that of a moron? |
| के करे है? | ke kare ha | What are you doing? |
| रोल्लो है के कोई तेरै | rollo ha ke koī terai | you have any problem |
| तू कठै गयैड़ो हो | too kathai gayairo ho | Where did you go? |
| कठैउं आन लाग रह्यो है? | kaṭhū ān lāga rahyo ha | Where are you coming from? |
| भांडा | bhanda | Utensils. |
| घोड़ो होव जिओं | Ghodo hov jiya | like a horse |
| कोजवाड़ | kojwād | embarrassing. |
Work on Bagri
- Grierson, G. A. 1908. (Reprint 1968). Linguistic Survey of India. Volume IX, Part II. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass
- Gusain, Lakhan. 1994. Reflexives in Bagri. M.Phil. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
- Gusain, Lakhan. 1999. A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri. Ph.D. dissertation. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University
- Gusain, Lakhan. 2000a. Limitations of Literacy in Bagri. Nicholas Ostler & Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
- Gusain, Lakhan. 2000b. Bagri Grammar. Munich: Lincom Europa (Languages of the World/Materials, 384)
- Gusain, Lakhan. 2008. Bagri Learners' Reference Grammar. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Northside Publishers
- Wilson, J. 1883. Sirsa Settlement Report. Chandigarh: Government Press
Gallery
Regions where Bagri is spoken:
Bagri is the First language in Sirsa district.
Bagri is the First language in western Fatehabad district.
Bagri is the First language of Ganganagar district, Hanumangarh district, north-western part of Churu district and a major language in north-western part of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan.
Bagri is the major language in Fazilka district and as a minor language in southern villages of Muktsar district of Southern Punjab (India).
Bagri is a minor language is spoken in Bahawalpur and Bahawalnagar district of Punjab, Pakistan, though not considered parts of Bagar tract.
See also
- Rajasthani language
- List of winners of Sahitya Akademi Awards for writing in Rajasthani language
- List of Rajasthani poets
- List of Indian poets#Rajasthani
References
- "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
- Census India 2001
- "Revised Land and Revenue Settlement of Hisar District 9006-9011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- Gusain 2000, p. 14.
- Census of India 2011
Bibliography
- Gusain, Lakhan (1999). A Descriptive Grammar of Bagri (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. hdl:10603/16847.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Gusain, Lakhan (2000). Bagri. Languages of the world. Materials. Munich: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3-89586-398-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
External links
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