Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra or Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug–Yugra[8] (Russian and Mansi: Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug — Yugra; Khanty: Хӑнты-Мансийской Aвтономной Округ) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census.[5]

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra
Autonomous okrug
Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ — Югра
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Coordinates: 62°15′N 70°10′E
CountryRussia
Federal districtUrals[1]
Economic regionWest Siberian[2]
EstablishedDecember 10, 1930
Administrative centerKhanty-Mansiysk;
Surgut (largest settlement)
Government
 • BodyDuma
 • GovernorNatalya Komarova[3]
Area
 • Total534,800 km2 (206,500 sq mi)
Area rank9th
Population
 (2010 Census)[5]
 • Total1,532,243
 • Rank29th
 • Density2.9/km2 (7.4/sq mi)
 • Urban
91.5%
 • Rural
8.5%
Time zoneUTC+5 (MSK+2 [6])
ISO 3166 codeRU-KHM
License plates86, 186
OKTMO ID71800000
Official languagesRussian[7]
Websitehttp://www.admhmao.ru/
Map of Khantia-Mansia

The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric people, but today the two groups only constitute 2.1% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug and along with their distant relative Hungarian are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric languages. Russian remains the only official language.

In 2012, the majority (51%)[9] of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world.

History

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak–Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.[10]

Geography

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.

Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributary the Irtysh.

The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Demographics

Population: 1 674 676 (2020);[11] 1,532,243 (2010 Census);[5] 1,432,817 (2002 Census);[12] 1,268,439 (1989 Census).[13]

Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km2, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.

Settlements

Ethnic groups

The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) is only 2.2% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2010 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:

Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:[14]

Ethnic Group%
Russian68.1%
Tatar7.6%
Ukrainian6.4%
Bashkir2.5%
Azeri1.8%
Khanty1.3%
Belarusians1%
Kumyk1%
Chuvash0.9%
Lezgin0.9%
Mansi0.8%
Moldovan0.7%
Uzbek0.7%
Chechen0.5%
German0.5%
Armenian0.4%
Other5.9%

Historical population figures are shown below:

Ethnic
group		 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census1
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Khanty 12,23813.1% 11,4359.2% 12,2224.5% 11,2192.0% 11,8920.9% 17,1281.2% 19,0681.3%
Mansi 5,7686.2% 5,6444.6% 6,6842.5% 6,1561.1% 6,5620.5% 9,8940.7% 10,9770.8%
Nenets 8520.9% 8150.7% 9400.3% 1,0030.2% 1,1440.1% 1,2900.1% 1,4380.1%
Komi 2,4362.6% 2,8032.3% 3,1501.2% 3,1050.5% 3,0000.2% 3,0810.2% 2,3640.2%
Russians 67,61672.5% 89,81372.5% 208,50076.9% 423,79274.3% 850,29766.3% 946,59066.1% 973,97868.1%
Ukrainians 1,1111.2% 4,3633.5% 9,9863.7% 45,4848.0% 148,31711.6% 123,2388.6% 91,3236.4%
Tatars 2,2272.4% 2,9382.4% 14,0465.2% 36,8986.5% 97,6897.6% 107,6377.5% 108,8997.6%
Others 1,0261.1% 6,1154.9% 15,6295.8% 43,1067.6% 163,49512.7% 223,95915.6% 173,53612.6%
1 102,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[15]

Vital statistics
Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service
Average population (x 1000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Fertility rates
1970 281 5 959 2 025 3 934 21.2 7.2 14.0
1975 415 9 450 2 572 6 878 22.8 6.2 16.6
1980 649 13 901 4 116 9 785 21.4 6.3 15.1
1985 1 041 25 130 4 863 20 267 24.1 4.7 19.5
1990 1 274 21 812 5 354 16 458 17.1 4.2 12.9
1991 1 276 19 060 5 884 13 176 14.9 4.6 10.3
1992 1 270 15 849 7 132 8 717 12.5 5.6 6.9
1993 1 274 14 531 9 401 5 130 11.4 7.4 4.0 1,59
1994 1 286 15 120 9 937 5 183 11.8 7.7 4.0 1,59
1995 1 298 14 418 10 041 4 377 11.1 7.7 3.4 1,46
1996 1 310 14 469 9 508 4 961 11.0 7.3 3.8 1,39
1997 1 330 14 640 8 497 6 143 11.0 6.4 4.6 1,34
1998 1 351 15 600 8 164 7 436 11.5 6.0 5.5 1,39
1999 1 359 14 728 8 476 6 252 10.8 6.2 4.6 1,29
2000 1 372 15 579 9 426 6 153 11.4 6.9 4.5 1,34
2001 1 398 17 130 9 863 7 267 12.3 7.1 5.2 1,43
2002 1 426 19 051 9 829 9 222 13.4 6.9 6.5 1,54
2003 1 445 19 883 10 000 9 883 13.8 6.9 6.8 1,58
2004 1 456 20 377 9 828 10 549 14.0 6.8 7.2 1,59
2005 1 466 19 958 10 415 9 543 13.6 7.1 6.5 1,54
2006 1 476 20 366 10 077 10 289 13.8 6.8 7.0 1,56
2007 1 487 21 887 10 093 11 794 14.7 6.8 7.9 1,66
2008 1 500 23 197 10 215 12 982 15.5 6.8 8.7 1,74
2009 1 513 23 840 10 107 13 733 15.8 6.7 9.1 1,77
2010 1 527 25 089 10 447 14 642 16.4 6.8 9.6 1,84
2011 1 543 25 335 10 072 14 642 16.4 6.5 9.9 1,86
2012 1 558 27 686 9 949 17 737 17.6 6.3 11.3 2,02

Religion
Orthodox Church of the Resurrection in Khanty-Mansiysk. Orthodox Christianity is the main religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Religion in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[16][17]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 38.1%
Other Christians
 
 5.5%
Islam
 
 11%
Rodnovery and other native faiths
 
 0.9%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 23.1%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 11%
Other and undeclared
 
 10.4%

According to a 2012 survey[16] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[16] According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.[18]

Transport

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.

See also

References
  1. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. Official website of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Natalya Vladimirovna Komarova, Governor of Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug Archived March 21, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  4. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
  5. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  6. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  8. "GENERAL INFORMATION". The official site of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. August 29, 2012. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  9. В Ханты-Мансийском автономном округе добыта 10-миллиардная тонна нефти
  10. "Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 25, 2003 No. 841" (in Russian). Official website of the President of Russia.
  11. 2020 Russian Subjects Population
  12. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  13. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  14. "National Composition of Population for Regions of the Russian Federation" (XLS). 2010 Russian All-Population Census. 2010. Retrieved December 22, 2011. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. Перепись-2010: русских становится больше. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.
  16. "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  17. 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  18. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/02/20/7-jehovahs-witnesses-brutally-tortured-russia-spokesman-says-a64558

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