Kurnool district


Kurnool District is one of the four districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district is located in the west-central part of the state and is bounded by Mahabubnagar district of Telangana in the north, Raichur district of Karnataka in the northwest, Bellary district of Karnataka in the west, Ananthapur district in the south, YSR Kadapa district in the South East and Prakasham district in the east. The city of Kurnool is the headquarters of the district. It has a population of 4,053,463 of which 28.35% were urban as of 2011. The district is the second largest by area and seventh largest by population in the state.[1]:14

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Kurnool.

Kurnool district
District of Andhra Pradesh
Clockwise from top: Raghavendra Swamy Temple at Mantralayam, Nallamala Hills, Ruined hall in Adoni fort, Belum Caves, Shivanandi temple, Statue of Narasimha at Ahobilam
Location of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh
Coordinates: 15.811833°N 77.9697606°E / 15.811833; 77.9697606
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
HeadquartersKurnool
Administrative Divisions
Government
 • District collectorSri G.Veerapandian
 • Lok Sabha
 • Assembly
Area
 • Total17,658 km2 (6,818 sq mi)
 • Urban
[1]:14
347.39 km2 (134.13 sq mi)
 • Rural
[1]:14
17,310.61 km2 (6,683.66 sq mi)
Area rank3rd
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total4,053,463
 • Rank8th
 • Density230/km2 (600/sq mi)
 • Density rank16th
 • Urban
[1]:14
1,149,286
 • Rural
[1]:14
2,904,177
 • Households
887,652
 • Sex ratio
988 (females per 1,000 males)
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Literacy
 • Literates2,127,161
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Postal Index Number
518xxx
Area codes+91–8518
ISO 3166 codeIN-AP
Vehicle registrationAP-21 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[3]
Websitekurnool.ap.gov.in

History
Pre Historic Sites of Krishna-Tungabhadra valley, scattered at different places in Kurnool district

The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of 18 km (11 mi) from Kurnool).[4] Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta[5] and Yaganti in the district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago.

Belum Caves are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at Anantapur. Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.[6]

Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy (Ananthapur District), the 6th President of India has served as Member of Parliament from Nandyal constituency. He previously served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, serving as an MLA from the Dhone assembly constituency. In 1970, part of Kurnool district was split off to become part of Prakasam district.[7] Kurnool District is a part of the Red Corridor.


Geography

Kurnool district occupies an area of approximately 17,658 square kilometres (6,818 sq mi).[8] Kurnool is surrounded by districts of Mahbubnagar district of Telangana to the north, Anantapur district, Kadapa district to south, Prakasam district to east and Bellary of Karnataka to the west. The district includes the Srisailam Dam and a part of the Nallamala Hills, the rest of it lying in Prakasam district, Kadapa district, and Nellore district.

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901950,655—    
19111,035,333+0.86%
1921987,117−0.48%
19311,120,650+1.28%
19411,222,993+0.88%
19511,315,499+0.73%
19611,570,955+1.79%
19711,982,090+2.35%
19812,407,299+1.96%
19912,973,024+2.13%
20013,529,494+1.73%
20114,053,463+1.39%
source:[9]


According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a population of 4,053,463,[10] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[11] or the US state of Oregon.[12] This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. Kurnool has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 59.97%.[10]

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 18.2% and 2% of the population respectively

Religion wise Population Percentage
Religions in Kurnool[13]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 82.11%
Muslims
 
 16.55%
Christian
 
 0.82%
Others†
 
 0.52%
Distribution of religions




Household indicators

In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1247 households in 38 villages across the district.[14] They found that 94% had access to electricity, 89.7% had drinking water, 34.6% toilet facilities, and 51.6% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[14] 30.6% of girls wed before the legal age of 18[15] and 85.1% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[14]


Revenue Divisions

Kurnool district has three Revenue divisions viz., Kurnool, Nandyal, Adoni divisions.[16] The district has 54 mandals and 53 Panchayat Samitis (Blocks) under these revenue divisions. It also has a Municipal Corporation of Kurnool and 4 municipalities namely, Nandyal, Adoni, Yemmiganur and Dhone.[17] There are 899 gram panchayats that include 7 notified and 862 non-notified, alongside 920 revenue villages and 615 hamlets.[10] G. Veerapandian is the present district collector.[18]

Mandals
Revenue divisions map of Kurnool district

The mandals are listed with respect to their revenue divisions in the following table:[1]:14[19]

Kurnool District has 3 Revenue Divisions viz., Kurnool, Nandyal, Adoni divisions.

Kurnool DivisionNandyal DivisionAdoni Division
AtmakurAllagaddaAdoni
BethamcherlaBanaganapalleAlur
C.BelagalBandi AtmakurAspari
DhoneChagalamarriChippagiri
GudurDornipaduDevanakonda
Jupadu BungalowGadivemulaGonegandla
KallurGospaduHalaharvi
KodumuruKoilkuntlaHolagunda
KothapalleKolimigundlaKosigi
KrishnagiriMahanandiKowthalam
KurnoolNandyalMaddikera
MiduthurOwkMantralayam
NandikotkurPanyamNandavaram
OrvakalRudravaramPattikonda
PagidyalaSanjamalaPedda kadabur
PamulapaduSirvelTuggali
PeapallyUyyalawadaYemmiganur
Srisailam
Veldurthi
Velgode

Kurnool District Chronicle
  • During Independence, Kurnool District was without Adoni, Yemmiganur, Alur Talukas. But It have Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem Talukas.
  • Later in 1953 Andhra State was formed and Talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District form Bellary District. Remaining Rayalaseema district of Bellary was merged with Karnataka.
  • In 1970, new Prakasam District was formed carving out, Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from Kurnool District. Then Kurnool district was remained with 13 Talukas.


Before Formation of Mandal System in 1985, Administration was done through Taluka system. 13 Talukas were present in Kurnool district in 1985 viz.,

S.No. Erstwhile Taluka

System in 1971

 Newly Formed

Taluka System in 1978

 New Mandals formed in 1985
1. Kurnool Kurnool Kurnool [ part ], Kallur, Orvakal
Kodumur [12] Kodumur, Gudur, C.Belagal, Kurnool [ part ]
2 Nandikotkur Nandikotkur Nandikotkur, Midthur, Pagidyala, Jupadu Bungalow
3 Atmakur Atmakur Atmakur, Pamulapadu, Kothapalle, Velugodu, Srisailam
4 Nandyal Nandyal Nandyal, Panyam, Gadivemula, Bandi Atmakur, Mahanandi
5 Allagadda Allagadda Allagadda, Sirvella, Chagalamarri, Rudravaram, Gospadu
6 Koilakuntla Koilakuntla Koilakuntla, Sanjamala, Uyyalawada, Dornipadu, Owk [Part]
7 Banaganapalle Banaganapalle Banaganapalle, Owk [Part]
8 Dhone Dhone Dhone, Bethamcherla, Veldurthi, Peapully, Krishnagiri
9 Pattikonda Pattikonda Pattikonda, Devanakonda, Gonegandla, Maddikera, Tuggali, Aspari [ part ]
10 Adoni Adoni Adoni, Kosigi, Kowthalam, PeddaKadabur [ part ]
Yemmiganur [13] Yemmiganur, Mantralayam, Nandavaram, PeddaKadabur [ part ]
11 Alur Alur Alur, Chippagiri, Halaharvi, Holagunda, Aspari [ part ]

These 13 were the erstwhile Talukas in Kurnool district in 1985 before the formation of mandal systems.


Towns in District




Kurnool District has 10 Urban Local Bodies, which are divided into 1 Municipal Corporation, 7 Special Municipalities, 2 Nagar Panchayats.

Municipal Bodies in Kurnool District
S.No. City / Town Civic Status of

Municipal Body

 Municipality

Formation Year

 2011 Census

Population

2001 Census

Population

1991 Census

Population

 1981 Census

Population

 1971 Census

Population

 1961 Census

Population

 1951 Census

Population

 1941 Census

Population

1 Kurnool Municipal Corporation 1866 4,84,372 342,122 275,360 206,362 136,710 100,815 60,222 45,250
2 Nandyal Special Municipality 1889 211,424 157,120 119,813 88,185 63,193 42,927 33,344 25,886
3 Adoni Special Municipality 1865 184,625 162,485 136,182 108,939 85,311 69,951 53,583 35,431
4 Yemmiganur Grade - 1 Municipality 1965 95,149 76,411 65,089 50,701 30,265 21,051 15,896 12,670
5 Dhone Grade - 2 Municipality 2005 59,272 56,450 33,434 22,509 16,047 11,247 7,871 4,828
6 Nandikotkur Grade - 2 Municipality 2011 46,593 40,210 32,214 22,923 16,239 12,130 10,096 7,409
7 Atmakur Grade - 3 Municipality 2011 45,703 39,794 29,599 22,132 15,837 13,217 10,960 9,609
8 Allagadda Grade - 2 Municipality 2011 41,697 37,665 21,071 18,757 13,489 6,888 -- --
9 Bethamcherla Nagar Panchayat 2020 38,994 34,645 21,490 12,622 9,341 8,491 -- --
10 Gudur Nagar Panchayat 2011 22,270 19,805 16,515 12,466 10,915 9,078 -- --
Erstwhile Talukas in Kurnool District. [ Non Municipality ]
S.No Name Civic Status

of Town

 2011 Census

Population

 2001 Census

Population

 1991 Census

Population

 1981 Census

Population

 1971 Census

Population

 1961 Census

Population

1 Banaganapalle Census Town 36,056 28,060 21,334 14,436 10,643 8,015
2 Pattikonda Grama Panchayat 29,342 24,342 19,286 14,247 12,234 9,596
3 Kodumur Grama Panchayat 28,828 25,385 19,157 14,501 11,903 9,236
4 Koilakuntla Grama Panchayat 23,859 19,735 15,209 12,493 10,157 8,179
5 Alur Grama Panchayat 14,427 11,823 10,703 8,161 7,354 6,870


Mandal HQ with more than 10,000 Population.
S.No Name Municipal Body 2011 Census

Population

1 Kosigi Grama Panchayat 23,126
2 Velugodu Grama Panchayat 23,048
3 Chagalamarri Grama Panchayat 21,289
4 Sirvella Grama Panchayat 18,478
5 Veldurthi Grama Panchayat 17,890
6 Gonegandla Grama Panchayat 16,691
7 Maddikera Grama Panchayat 15,328
8 Peapully Grama Panchayat 15,200
9 Holagunda Grama Panchayat 14,593
10 Panyam Grama Panchayat 14,565
11 Owk Grama Panchayat 11,760
12 Kowthalam Grama Panchayat 11,670
13 Nandavaram Grama Panchayat 11,654
14 C.Belagal Grama Panchayat 11,164
15 Mantralayam Grama Panchayat 10,613
16 Devanakonda Grama Panchayat 10,493
17 Srisailam Census Town 10,382
Remaining Census Towns in District.
S.No. Town Mandal Civic status of Town 2011 Census

Population

1 Ramapuram Owk Census Town 6,614
2 Thummalamenta Kolimigundla Census Town 12,373


Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹34,359 crore (US$4.8 billion) and it contributes 6.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹68,197 (US$960). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹12,035 crore (US$1.7 billion), ₹6,055 crore (US$850 million) and ₹16,269 crore (US$2.3 billion) respectively.[20]

Transport

Roads

The total road length of state highways in the district is 1,169 km (726 mi).[21]

NH - 44 = Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

  • Total length of highway is 3,806 km.
  • 250 kms of this highway passes through Andhra Pradesh.
  • 93 kms of this Highway Passes through Kurnool District

NH - 40 = Kurnool to Ranipet. [Rayalaseema Expressway]

  • Total length of highway is 408 Kms.
  • 390 Kms of this highway is passing in the Andhra Pradesh.
  • 142 kms of this highway passes through Kurnool District.

NH - 167 = Ballari to Kodad

  • Total length of Highway is 483 kms
  • 94 kms of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
  • 94 kms of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

NH - 544D = Anantapuramu to Guntur

  • Total length of Highway is 417 kms
  • 417 kms of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
  • 118 kms of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.
  • An alternative route to this highway is under paperwork, called Anantapuram - Amaravathi Expressway which is called as NH-544F

NH - 67 = Ramanagar to Krishnapatnam Port

  • Total length of Highway is 770 kms
  • 380 kms of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh
  • 28 kms of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist.

And also Some State Highways also present in Kurnool District.

Railways

Kurnool District is served by Good Railway Connectivity.

  1. Hyderabad Division of South Central Railway,
  2. Guntakal Division of South Coastal Railway,
  3. Guntur Division of South Coastal Railway serves in Kurnool District.

Major lines passing through the district.

  • Vijayawada - Hubli Railway Line
  • Secunderabad - Bengaluru Railway Line
  • Chennai - Mumbai Railway line Passes through the District.

Major Stations

  • Dhone JN Railway station [Guntakal Division]
  • Kurnool City Railway Station [Hyderabad Division]
  • Adoni Railway Station [Guntakal Division]
  • Nandyal JN Railway Station [Guntur Division]

Airways

Kurnool Airport was opened in 2019. But only charter Flights of VIP's have been utilising the Airport. Passenger Flights are yet to be started.

Nearest International Airports from Kurnool

  1. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad. = 195 km.
  2. Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru. = 335 km.
  3. Chennai International Airport, Chennai = 450 km.
  4. Tirupati International Airport , Tirupati = 330 km.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[22][23] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,179 schools. They include, 78 government, 2,398 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1,355 private, 33 model, 53 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 140 municipal and 121 other types of schools.[24] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 631,740.[25]

Tourism

Kurnool District has many pilgrimage centers

  1. Srisailam
  2. Mahanandi
  3. Mantralayam
  4. Orvakal Rock Gardens
  5. City Forest [ Gargeyapuram ]
  6. Yaganti
  7. Banaganapalli Nawab Bungalow
  8. Belum Caves
  9. Kolanu Bharathi Temple
  10. Adoni Lakshmamma avva Temple
  11. Urukunda Eranna Swamy Temple
  12. Maddileti Swamy Temple
  13. Velugodu Reservoir
  14. Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary
  15. Nandavaram Temple


  • Back Waters of Srisailam Dam
  • Maha Nandi Temple
  • Mantralayam
  • Orvakal Rock Gardens
  • Yaganti Temple Cave
  • Nawab Bungalow, Banaganapalli
  • Belum Caves
  • Watch Tower in Rollapadu Wild Life Sanctuary


Source


http://dtcp.ap.gov.in/dtcpweb/ulbs/List%20of%20ULBs-27-2-2019.pdf


Population of towns in 1941 were taken from 1991 census book from page no.132,133 and 2011 Census hand book page no.919.

Population of every town is mentioned with proof from census books given below.


1951 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6419/1/50120_1951_KUR.pdf

1961 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2721/1/21648_1961_KUR.pdf

1971 Census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2841/1/39378_1971_KUR.pdf

1981 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2915/1/27365_1981_KUR.pdf

1991 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2935/1/39295_1991_KUR.pdf

2001 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2992/1/37985_2001_KUR.pdf

2011 census kurnool district - https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_A_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf

References
  1. "District Census Hand Book – Guntur" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  2. "Population". Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  3. "New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched". The New Indian Express. Vijayawada. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  4. "archelogical excavations" (PDF). aparchaeologymuseum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  5. Michael Petraglia. "New rock art discoveries in the Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India". academia.edu.
  6. Show Caves of India: Belum Caves
  7. Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  8. Srivastava, Dayawanti, ed. (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  9. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  10. "District Profile". Kurnool District Official website. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  11. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 1 October 2011. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  12. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 30 September 2011. Oregon 3,831,074
  13. "Andhra Pradesh State Minorities Finance Corporation Ltd. - Downloads". apsmfc.com.
  14. "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Pradesh" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
  15. "How Do I? : Obtain Marriage Certificate". National Portal Content Management Team, National Informatics Centre. 2005. Retrieved 3 October 2011. To be eligible for marriage, the minimum age limit is 21 for males and 18 for females.
  16. "Brief Industrial Profile of Kurnool District" (PDF). The office of Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises. p. 4. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
  17. "Part-I State Administrative Divisions 2001–2011" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 359–366. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  18. "Days after assuming office, Jagan rejigs administration in AP". Asian News International. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
  19. "Mandals". Kurnool District, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  20. "Economy of Kurnool District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
  21. "Existing State Highways" (PDF). Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  22. "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  23. "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  24. "School Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  25. "Student Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
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