List of Charadriiformes by population

This is a list of Charadriiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields.

The population of birds
Lists

Anseriformes (waterfowl)
Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)
Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)
Charadriiformes (gulls and relatives)
Ciconiiformes (storks and relatives)
Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)
Falconiformes (falcons and relatives)
Galliformes (gamebirds)
Gaviiformes (loons or divers)
Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)
Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Sphenisciformes (penguins)
Strigiformes (owls)
Struthioniformes (ratites)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)
Key

Conservation status

  Extinct in the wild (EW)
  Critically endangered (CR)
  Endangered (EN)
  Vulnerable (VU)
  Near threatened (NT)
  Least concern (LC)
  Data deficient (DD)
Related
Lists of organisms by population
Lists of mammals by population
Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
List of extinct birds
Lists of birds by region

Charadriiformes (Charadrius being Latin for "plover") is the taxonomic order to which the waders, gulls, and auks belong. BirdLife International has assessed 352 species; 181 (51% of total species) have had their population estimated. Bird taxonomy is currently in a state of flux, much wider in scope than the complications arising from the realization that birds are dinosaurs, and a full scientific consensus on the division of orders has yet to be settled upon.[1] The Charadriiformes, for example, are grouped with the Ciconiiformes in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy.[2] In the interest of standardization this article, along with the rest of the Wikipedia Bird Population lists, is split along the taxonomic system used by BirdLife, which is both the Earth's largest partnership of conservation organizations, and the assessment team for birds on the IUCN Red List.[3][4] This is not an endorsement of any one taxonomic system, and it may change in the future as new relationships are brought to light.

A variety of methods are used for counting Charadriiformes. For example, the piping plover is subject to the quinquennial Piping Plover International Census, which is carried out in 9 Canadian provinces, 32 US states, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. In the 2006 survey, Saskatchewan alone had 159 volunteers scour 294 waterbodies.[5][6] The mountain plover has had its nests counted through the drive transect method. Once density has been calculated, the numbers are extrapolated over a bird's range.[7] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Species which can no longer be included in a list of this nature include the Tahiti sandpiper, which was only recorded in 1777, and is suspected to have fallen prey to introduced egg-eating rats.[8] The same fate awaited the white-winged sandpiper.[9] The Canarian oystercatcher was reported vanished by 1940, believed to have been the result of overfishing of its sustenance.[10] The feathers of the great auk made excellent pillows, and egg collectors were so successful in their hobby that the last specimen in Britain was seen in 1840 on Stac an Armin, Scotland. This was beaten to death by three men believing it to be a witch.[11][12]

The continued existence of some species has yet to be confirmed either way. The Javan lapwing, for example, has not had a confirmed sighting since 1940, but unconfirmed reports continue to give hope that the last individual has yet to die.[13] The last confirmed sightings of the Eskimo curlew were in the early 1980s, but scientists would rather not issue a former declaration of extinction until surveying of all potential breeding locations is completed.[14] The slender-billed curlew (included in the list below) was considered "very common" in the early 1800s, rare by the early 1900s. The bird was recorded 103 times between 1980 and 1990, and 74 times between 1990 and 1999. The last confirmed recording of the slender-billed curlew was in April 2001.[15]

Critically Endangered means a species has experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or is projected to decline that much over the same period of time.[16] A species's continued existence does not necessarily mean the bird can be salvaged, as it may have already passed the minimum viable population.

Species by global population
Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Black stiltHimantopus novaezelandiae40[17]CR[17][17]
Chinese crested ternSterna bernsteini50[18]CR[18][18]Maximum estimate.[18]
Slender-billed curlewNumenius tenuirostris50[15]CR[15][15]
Jerdon's courserRhinoptilus bitorquatus70 – 400[19]CR[19][19]
Saint Helena ploverCharadrius sanctaehelenae70 – 400[20]CR[20][20]
Shore dotterelThinornis novaeseelandiae250[21]EN[21][21]
Chatham oystercatcherHaematopus chathamensis310 – 360[22]EN[22][22]
Spoon-billed sandpiperEurynorhynchus pygmeus360 – 600[23]CR[23][23]Estimate is considered "optimistic".[23]
Nordmann's greenshankTringa guttifer500 – 1000[24]EN[24][24]"Optimistic."[24]
Peruvian ternSterna lorata600 – 1700[25]EN[25][25]
Lava gullLarus fuliginosus900 – 1200[26]VU[26][26]Possibly overestimated.[26]
Australian painted-snipeRostratula australis1000 – 1500[27]EN[27][27]
Andean lapwingVanellus resplendens1000 – 10 000[28]LC[28][28]
Belcher's gullLarus belcheri1000 – 10 000[29]LC[29][29]
Collared ploverCharadrius collaris1000 – 10 000[30]LC[30][30]
Madagascar jacanaActophilornis albinucha1000 – 10 000[31]NT[31][31]
Snowy-crowned ternSterna trudeaui1000 – 10 000[32]LC[32][32]
Spot-breasted lapwingVanellus melanocephalus1000 – 10 000[33]LC[33]Unknown[33]
Tawny-throated dotterelOreopholus ruficollis1000 – 10 000[34]LC[34][34]
Tuamotu sandpiperProsobonia cancellata1300[35]EN[35][35]Minimum estimate.[35]
Hawaiian stiltHimantopus knudnesi1350ENMay be subspecies of black-necked stilt or black-winged stilt.
New Zealand ploverCharadrius obscurus2000[36]EN[36][36]Divided into two subspecies: C. obscurus obscurus (~1701 individuals) & C. obscurus aquilonius (~270 individuals).[36]
Large-billed ternPhaetusa simplex2000 – 7000[37]LC[37][37]
Plains-wandererPedionomus torquatus2000 – 7000[38]EN[38][38]
Diademed ploverPhegornis mitchellii2500 – 9999[39]NT[39][39]
Fuegian snipeGallinago stricklandii2500 – 9999[40]NT[40][40]
Magellanic ploverPluvianellus socialis2500 – 9999[41]NT[41][41]
Chatham snipeCoenocorypha pusilla2700 – 3300[42]VU[42][42]
Madagascar ploverCharadrius thoracicus2700 – 3500[43]VU[43][43]
Kerguelen ternSterna virgata3500 – 6500[44]NT[44][44]
Amami woodcockScolopax mira3500 – 15 000[45]VU[45][45]
Japanese murreletSynthliboramphus wumizusume3500 – 15 000[46]VU[46][46]
Madagascar snipeGallinago macrodactyla3500 – 15 000[47]VU[47][47]
Moluccan woodcockScolopax rochussenii3500 – 15 000[48]EN[48][48]
Wood snipeGallinago nemoricola3500 – 15 000[49]VU[49][49]
WrybillAnarhynchus frontalis4500 – 5000[50]VU[50][50]
African oystercatcherHaematopus moquini5000 – 6000[51]NT[51][51]
Madagascar pratincoleGlareola ocularis5000 – 10 000[52]VU[52][52]
Yellow-wattled lapwingVanellus malarbaricus5000 – 10 000[53]VU[53][53]
Beach stone-curlewEsacus giganteus6000[54]NT[54][54]
Indian skimmerRynchops albicollis6000 – 10 000[55]VU[55][55]
Black-fronted ternSterna albostriata7000 – 10 000[56]EN[56][56]
Black oystercatcherHaematopus bachmani8900 – 11 000[57]LC[57][57]
Craveri's murreletSynthliboramphus craveri9000 – 15 000[58]VU[58][58]
Bristle-thighed curlewNumenius tahitiensis10 000[59]VU[59][59]
Imperial snipeGallinago imperialis10 000[60]NT[60][60]Preliminary minimum estimate.[60]
Hooded ploverThinornis rubricollis10 000 – 11 000[61]VU[61][61]
Brown skuaStercorarius lonnbergi10 000 – 19 999[62]LC[62][62]
Guadalupe murreletSynthliboramphus hypoleucus10 000 – 19 999[63]VU[63][63]
South polar skuaStercorarius maccormicki10 000 – 19 999[64]LC[64][64]
Black-bellied ternSterna acuticauda10 000 – 25 000[65]EN[65][65]
Grey-breasted seedsnipeThinocorus orbignyianus10 000 – 25 000[66]LC[66][66]
Malaysian ploverCharadrius peronii10 000 – 25 000[67]NT[67][67]"Probable."[67]
Wandering tattlerHeteroscelus incanus10 000 – 25 000[68]LC[68][68]
Dolphin gullLeucophaeus scoresbii10 000 – 28 000[69]LC[69][69]
Olrog's gullLarus atlanticus10 500[70]VU[70][70]
Grey pratincoleGlareola cinerea11 000 – 35 000[71]LC[71]Unknown[71]
Solitary snipeGallinago solitaria11 000 – 110 000[72]LC[72][72]
Piping ploverCharadrius melodus12 000 – 13 000[73]NT[73][73]
Black-faced sheathbillChionis minor13 000 – 20 000[74]LC[74][74]
Mountain ploverCharadrius montanus15 000 – 20 000[75]NT[75][75]
African skimmerRynchops flavirostris15 000 – 25 000[76]NT[76][76]
Relict gullLarus relictus15 000 – 30 000[77]VU[77][77]
Sociable lapwingVanellus gregarius16 000 – 17 000[78]CR[78][78]
Little aukAlle alle16 000 000 – 36 000 000[79]LC[79][79]
Buff-breasted sandpiperTryngites subruficollis16 000 – 84 000[80]NT[80][80]
Chestnut-banded ploverCharadrius pallidus16 200 – 17 500[81]NT[81][81]
Ivory gullPagophila eburnea19 000 – 27 000[82]NT[82][82]
Kittlitz's murreletBrachyramphus brevirostris20 000 – 40 000[83]NT[83][83]
Saunders's gullLarus saundersi21 000 – 22 000[84]VU[84][84]
Asian dowitcherLimnodromus semipalmatus23 000[85]NT[85][85]
Long-toed stintCalidris subminuta25 000[86]LC[86]Unknown[86]Minimum estimate.[86]
Grey-headed lapwingVanellus cinereus25 000 – 100 000[87]LC[87][87]
Latham's snipeGallinago hardwickii25 000 – 100 000[88]LC[88][88]
Pectoral sandpiperCalidris melanotos25 000 – 100 000[89]LC[89][89]
Ross's gullRhodostethia rosea25 000 – 100 000[90]LC[90]Unknown[90]
Swinhoe's snipeGallinago megala25 000 – 100 000[91]LC[91]Unknown[91]
Blue noddyProcelsterna cerulea27 000 – 120 000[92]LC[92][92]
Aleutian ternSterna aleutica30 000 – 35 000[93]LC[93][93]
White-eyed gullLarus leucophthalmus37 000 – 44 000[94]NT[94][94]
Eastern curlewNumenius madagascariensis38 000[95]VU[95][95]
Grey-tailed tattlerHeteroscelus brevipes40 000[96]LC[96][96]Minimum estimate.[96]
Great skuaStercorarius skua48 000[97]LC[97][97]
Damara ternSterna balaenarum50 000 – 100 000[98]NT[98][98]
River ternSterna aurantia50 000 – 100 000[99]NT[99][99]
Long-billed curlewNumenius americanus50 000 – 123 000[100]LC[100][100]
Eurasian dotterelEudromias morinellus50 000 – 220 000[101]LC[101][101]
Audouin's gullLarus audouinii63 900 – 66 900[102]NT[102][102]
Roseate ternSterna dougallii70 000 – 82 000[103]LC[103]Unknown[103]
Broad-billed sandpiperLimicola falcinellus71 000 – 160 000[104]LC[104][104]
Little gullLarus minutus97 000 – 270 000[105]LC[105][105]
Whiskered aukletAethia pygmaea100 000[106]LC[106][106]
Pheasant-tailed jacanaHydrophasianus chirurgus100 000[107]LC[107][107]Minimum estimate.[107]
Spotted redshankTringa erythropus110 000 – 350 000[108]LC[108][108]
Spectacled guillemotCepphus carbo140 000 – 148 000[109]LC[109][109]
Eurasian stone-curlewBurhinus oedicnemus140 000 – 330 000[110]LC[110][110]
Inca ternLarosterna inca150 000[111]NT[111][111]Minimum estimate.[111]
Semipalmated ploverCharadrius semipalmatus150 000[112]LC[112][112]Minimum estimate.[112]
Gull-billed ternSterna nilotica150 000 – 420 000[113]LC[113][113]
Greater crested ternSterna bergii150 000 – 1 100 000[114]LC[114][114]
Oriental ploverCharadrius veredus160 000[115]LC[115]Unknown[115]
Sharp-tailed sandpiperCalidris acuminata160 000[116]LC[116][116]Minimum estimate.[116]
Rock sandpiperCalidris ptilocnemis160 000 – 170 000[117]LC[117][117]
Terek sandpiperXenus cinereus160 000 – 1 200 000[118]LC[118][118]
Temminck's stintCalidris temminckii170 000 – 1 300 000[119]LC[119]Unknown[119]
Little curlewNumenius minutus180 000[120]LC[120][120]Minimum estimate.[120]
Greater sand ploverCharadrius leschenaultii180 000 – 360 000[121]LC[121]Unknown[121]
Brown noddyAnous stolidus180 000 – 1 100 000[122]LC[122][122]
Pacific golden ploverPluvialis fulva190 000 – 250 000[123]LC[123][123]
Little ternSterna albifrons190 000 – 410 000[124]LC[124][124]
American golden ploverPluvialis dominica200 000[125]LC[125][125]Minimum estimate.[125]
Pied avocetRecurvirostra avosetta210 000 – 460 000[126]LC[126]Unknown[126]
Black-winged pratincoleGlareola nordmanni220 000- 290 000[127]NT[127][127]
Caspian ternSterna caspia240 000 – 420 000[128]LC[128][128]
Marsh sandpiperTringa stagnatilis260 000 – 1 200 000[129]LC[129][129]
Little ringed ploverCharadrius dubius280 000 – 530 000[130]LC[130][130]
Baird's sandpiperCalidris bairdii300 000[131]LC[131][131]Minimum estimate.[131]
Kentish ploverCharadrius alexandrinus300 000 – 460 000[132]LC[132][132]
Whiskered ternChlidonias hybrida300 000 – 1 500 000[133]LC[133][133]
Lesser sand ploverCharadrius mongolus310 000 – 390 000[134]LC[134]Unknown[134]
Red-necked stintCalidris ruficollis320 000[135]LC[135]Unknown[135]Minimum estimate.[135]
Sabine's gullXema sabini330 000 – 700 000[136]LC[136][136]
Red-legged kittiwakeRissa brevirostris337 000 – 377 000[137]VU[137][137]
Glaucous gullLarus hyperboreus340 000 – 2 400 000[138]LC[138][138]
Marbled murreletBrachyramphus marmoratus350 000 – 420 000[139]EN[139][139]
Common ringed ploverCharadrius hiaticula360 000 – 1 300 000[140]LC[140][140]
Great knotCalidris tenuirostris380 000[141]VU[141][141]
Long-billed dowitcherLimnodromus scolopaceus400 000[142]LC[142]Unknown[142]Minimum estimate.[142]
Common greenshankTringa nebularia440 000 – 1 500 000[143]LC[143][143]
Black guillemotCepphus grylle400 000 – 700 000[144]LC[144][144]
Black-winged stiltHimantopus himantopus450 000 – 780 000[145]LC[145][145]
Ruddy turnstoneArenaria interpres460 000 – 800 000[146]LC[146][146]
Pigeon guillemotCepphus columba470 000[147]LC[147][147]Minimum estimate.[147]
Double-striped thick-kneeBurhinus bistriatus500 000 – 4 999 999[148]LC[148][148]
Northern jacanaJacana spinosa500 000 – 4 999 999[149]LC[149]Unknown[149]
Glaucous-winged gullLarus glaucescens570 000[150]LC[150][150]Minimum estimate.[150]
Bridled ternSterna anaethetus610 000 – 1 500 000[151]LC[151]Unknown[151]
SanderlingCalidris alba620 000 – 700 000[152]LC[152]Unknown[152]
Grey ploverPluvialis squatarola692 000[153]LC[153][153]
Common redshankTringa totanus960 000 – 2 600 000[154]LC[154]Unknown[154]
African jacanaActophilornis africanus1 000 000[155]LC[155][155]
KilldeerCharadrius vociferus1 000 000[156]LC[156][156]
Jack snipeLymnocryptes minimus1 000 000[157]LC[157][157]Minimum estimate.[157]
Ancient murreletSynthliboramphus antiquus1 000 000 – 2 000 000[158]LC[158][158]
WhimbrelNumenius phaeopus1 000 000 – 2 300 000[159]LC[159][159]
Black-tailed gullLarus crassirostris1 100 000[160]LC[160][160]Minimum estimate.[160]
Red knotCalidris canutus1 100 000[161]LC[161][161]Minimum estimate.[161]
Bar-tailed godwitLimosa lapponica1 100 000 – 1 200 000[162]LC[162][162]
Eurasian oystercatcherHaematopus ostralegus1 100 000 – 1 200 000[163]LC[163][163]
Red phalaropePhalaropus fulicarius1 100 000 – 2 000 000[164]LC[164][164]
Horned puffinFratercula corniculata1 200 000[165]LC[165][165]Minimum estimate.[165]
Lesser noddyAnous tenuirostris1 200 000[166]LC[166][166]Minimum estimate.[166]
Parakeet aukletAethia psittacula1 200 000[167]LC[167][167]Minimum estimate.[167]
Green sandpiperTringa ochropus1 200 000 – 3 600 000[168]LC[168][168]
Rhinoceros aukletCerorhinca monocerata1 300 000[169]LC[169][169]Minimum estimate.[169]
Little stintCalidris minuta1 400 000 – 1 500 000[170]LC[170][170]
Common ternSterna hirundo1 600 000 – 4 600 000[171]LC[171][171]
Curlew sandpiperCalidris ferruginea1 800 000 – 1 900 000[172]LC[172][172]
Arctic ternSterna paradisaea2 000 000[173]LC[173][173]Minimum estimate.[173]
Southern lapwingVanellus chilensis2 000 000[174]LC[174][174]
RuffPhilomachus pugnax2 000 000 – 2 600 000[175]LC[175][175]
Semipalmated sandpiperCalidris pusilla2 200 000[176]NT[176][176]
Common gullLarus canus2 500 000 – 3 700 000[177]LC[177]Unknown[177]
White-winged ternChlidonias leucopterus2 500 000 – 4 500 000[178]LC[178][178]
Common sandpiperActitis hypoleucos2 600 000 – 3 200 000[179]LC[179][179]
European herring gullLarus argentatus2 700 000 – 5 700 000[180]LC[180]Unknown[180]
Oriental pratincoleGlareola maldivarum2 900 000 – 3 000 000[181]LC[181][181]
Wood sandpiperTringa glareola3 100 000 – 3 600 000[182]LC[182][182]
Kelp gullLarus dominicanus3 300 000 – 4 300 000[183]LC[183][183]
Tufted puffinFratercula cirrhata3 500 000[184]LC[184][184]Minimum estimate.[184]
Red-necked phalaropePhalaropus lobatus3 600 000 – 4 500 000[185]LC[185][185]
DunlinCalidris alpina4 600 000 – 6 500 000[186]LC[186][186]
Black-headed gullLarus ridibundus4 800 000 – 8 900 000[187]LC[187][187]
Northern lapwingVanellus vanellus5 200 000 – 10 000 000[188]LC[188][188]
Common snipeGallinago gallinago6 300 000 – 8 100 000[189]LC[189][189]
Crested aukletAethia cristatella8 200 000[190]LC[190][190]Minimum estimate.[190]
Eurasian woodcockScolopax rusticola10 000 000 – 26 000 000[191]LC[191][191]
Black-legged kittiwakeRissa tridactyla17 000 000 – 18 000 000[192]LC[192][192]
Common murreUria aalge18 000 000[193]LC[193][193]Minimum estimate.[193]
Sooty ternSterna fuscata21 000 000 – 22 000 000[194]LC[194]Unknown[194]
Thick-billed murreUria lomvia22 000 000[195]LC[195][195]Minimum estimate.[195]
Least aukletAethia psittacula24 000 000[196]LC[196][196]Minimum estimate.[167]

See also

References
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  37. BirdLife International (2012). "Phaetusa simplex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  38. BirdLife International (2012). "Pedionomus torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  39. BirdLife International (2012). "Phegornis mitchellii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  40. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago stricklandii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  41. BirdLife International (2012). "Pluvianellus socialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  42. BirdLife International (2012). "Coenocorypha pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  43. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius thoracicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  44. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna virgata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  45. BirdLife International (2012). "Scolopax mira". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  46. BirdLife International (2012). "Synthliboramphus wumizusume". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  47. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago macrodactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  48. BirdLife International (2012). "Scolopax rochussenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  49. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago nemoricola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  50. BirdLife International (2012). "Anarhynchus frontalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  51. BirdLife International (2012). "Haematopus moquini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  52. BirdLife International (2012). "Glareola ocularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  53. BirdLife International (2012). "Vanellus malarbaricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  54. BirdLife International (2012). "Esacus giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  55. BirdLife International (2012). "Rynchops albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  56. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna albostriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  57. BirdLife International (2012). "Haematopus bachmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  58. BirdLife International (2012). "Synthliboramphus craveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  59. BirdLife International (2012). "Numenius tahitiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  60. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago imperialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  61. BirdLife International (2012). "Thinornis rubricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  62. BirdLife International (2012). "Stercorarius lonnbergi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  63. BirdLife International (2012). "Synthliboramphus hypoleucus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  64. BirdLife International (2012). "Stercorarius maccormicki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  65. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna acuticauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  66. BirdLife International (2012). "Thinocorus orbignyianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  67. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius peronii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  68. BirdLife International (2012). "Heteroscelus incanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  69. BirdLife International (2012). "Leucophaeus scoresbii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  70. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus atlanticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  71. BirdLife International (2012). "Glareola cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  72. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago solitaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  73. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius melodus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  74. BirdLife International (2012). "Chionis minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  75. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  76. BirdLife International (2012). "Rynchops flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  77. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus relictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  78. BirdLife International (2012). "Vanellus gregarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  79. BirdLife International (2012). "Alle alle". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  80. BirdLife International (2012). "Tryngites subruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  81. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius pallidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  82. BirdLife International (2012). "Pagophila eburnea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  83. BirdLife International (2012). "Brachyramphus brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  84. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus saundersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  85. BirdLife International (2012). "Limnodromus semipalmatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  86. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris subminuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  87. BirdLife International (2012). "Vanellus cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  88. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago hardwickii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  89. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris melanotos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  90. BirdLife International (2012). "Rhodostethia rosea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  91. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago megala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  92. BirdLife International (2012). "Procelsterna cerulea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  93. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna aleutica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  94. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus leucophthalmus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  95. BirdLife International (2012). "Numenius madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  96. BirdLife International (2012). "Heteroscelus brevipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  97. BirdLife International (2012). "Stercorarius skua". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  98. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna balaenarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  99. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna aurantia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  100. BirdLife International (2012). "Numenius americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  101. BirdLife International (2012). "Eudromias morinellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  102. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus audouinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  103. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna dougallii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  104. BirdLife International (2012). "Limicola falcinellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  105. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  106. BirdLife International (2012). "Aethia pygmaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  107. BirdLife International (2012). "Hydrophasianus chirurgus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  108. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  109. BirdLife International (2012). "Cepphus carbo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  110. BirdLife International (2012). "Burhinus oedicnemus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  111. BirdLife International (2012). "Larosterna inca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  112. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius semipalmatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  113. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna nilotica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  114. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna bergii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  115. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius veredus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  116. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris acuminata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  117. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris ptilocnemis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  118. BirdLife International (2012). "Xenus cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  119. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  120. BirdLife International (2012). "Numenius minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  121. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius leschenaultii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  122. BirdLife International (2012). "Anous stolidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  123. BirdLife International (2012). "Pluvialis fulva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  124. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  125. BirdLife International (2012). "Pluvialis dominica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  126. BirdLife International (2012). "Recurvirostra avosetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  127. BirdLife International (2012). "Glareola nordmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  128. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna caspia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  129. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa stagnatilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  130. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius dubius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  131. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris bairdii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  132. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius alexandrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  133. BirdLife International (2012). "Chlidonias hybrida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  134. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius mongolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  135. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  136. BirdLife International (2012). "Xema sabini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  137. BirdLife International (2012). "Rissa brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  138. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus hyperboreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  139. BirdLife International (2012). "Brachyramphus marmoratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  140. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius dubius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  141. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  142. BirdLife International (2012). "Limnodromus scolopaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  143. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa nebularia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-12-31. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  144. BirdLife International (2012). "Cepphus grylle". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  145. BirdLife International (2012). "Himantopus himantopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-10. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  146. BirdLife International (2012). "Arenaria interpres". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  147. BirdLife International (2012). "Cepphus columba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  148. BirdLife International (2012). "Burhinus bistriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  149. BirdLife International (2012). "Jacana spinosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  150. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus glaucescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  151. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna anaethetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  152. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris alba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  153. BirdLife International (2012). "Pluvialis squatarola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  154. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa totanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  155. BirdLife International (2012). "Actophilornis africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  156. BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius vociferus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  157. BirdLife International (2012). "Lymnocryptes minimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  158. BirdLife International (2012). "Synthliboramphus antiquus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  159. BirdLife International (2012). "Numenius phaeopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  160. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus crassirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  161. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris canutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  162. BirdLife International (2012). "Limosa lapponica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  163. BirdLife International (2012). "Haematopus ostralegus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  164. BirdLife International (2012). "Phalaropus fulicarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  165. BirdLife International (2012). "Fratercula corniculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  166. BirdLife International (2012). "Anous tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  167. BirdLife International (2012). "Aethia psittacula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  168. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa ochropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  169. BirdLife International (2012). "Cerorhinca monocerata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  170. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  171. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna hirundo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  172. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris ferruginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  173. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna paradisaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  174. BirdLife International (2012). "Vanellus chilensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  175. BirdLife International (2012). "Philomachus pugnax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  176. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  177. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus canus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  178. BirdLife International (2012). "Chlidonias leucopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  179. BirdLife International (2012). "Actitis hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  180. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus argentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  181. BirdLife International (2012). "Glareola maldivarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  182. BirdLife International (2012). "Tringa glareola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  183. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus dominicanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  184. BirdLife International (2012). "Fratercula cirrhata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  185. BirdLife International (2012). "Phalaropus lobatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  186. BirdLife International (2012). "Calidris alpina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  187. BirdLife International (2012). "Larus ridibundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  188. BirdLife International (2012). "Vanellus vanellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  189. BirdLife International (2012). "Gallinago gallinago". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  190. BirdLife International (2012). "Aethia cristatella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
  191. BirdLife International (2012). "Scolopax rusticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  192. BirdLife International (2012). "Rissa tridactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  193. BirdLife International (2012). "Uria aalge". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  194. BirdLife International (2012). "Sterna fuscata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  195. BirdLife International (2012). "Uria lomvia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2012-12-09.
  196. BirdLife International (2012). "Aethia pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
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