List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

In 1106, Pomerania is divided by his two older sons: Wartislaw, who founded the House of Pomerania and the Duchy of Pomerania, and Świętopełk I. After Swietopelk's death, his lands were occupied by the Saxon prince Lothar of Supplinburg. In 1155, the lands regained independence under Sobieslaw I, who founded the dynasty of the Samborides, and the Duchy of Pomerelia.

In 1155, Pomerania was divided in Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin. In the struggle to shake off Polish and Danish claims to feudal overlordship, Pomerania approached the Holy Roman Empire. In 1181, while staying in the camp outside the walls of Lübeck, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa recognised Bogislaw I as duke of S(c)lavia, as it was called in the document.[1] However, three years later in the Battle in the Bay of Greifswald (1184) the Danish Canute VI forced Pomerania to accept him as liege lord.[2] In 1190 the Land of Słupsk-Sławno separated itself from Stettin. With the defeat of Denmark in the Battle of Bornhöved (1227) Pomerania shook off the Danish liege-lordship.[3]

In 1231 Emperor Frederick II granted the immediate liege lordship over Pomerania to the Margrave of Brandenburg, who enforced this claim by the Treaties of Kremmen (1236) and of Landin (1250). Thus Pomerania had become a fief of Brandenburg, thus an only mediate (indirect) subfief of the Empire, with Brandenburg itself being an immediate imperial fief.

In 1227, Stolp came to Pomerelia, Schlawe to Pomerania. In 1238–1316 both became part of Pomerelia, ruled by an autonomously acting dynasty of castellans, the Swenzones (German: Swenzonen, entering history in 1257 with Swenzo the Elder). In 1316, the area became part of the Pomerania-Wolgast, first as a pawn from Brandenburg, and definitively in 1347.

After Wartislaw III died heirless in 1264, Barnim I became sole duke of the whole duchy. After Barnim's death, the duchy was to be ruled by his sons Barnim II, Otto I and Bogislaw IV. The first years, Bogislaw, being the eldest, ruled in place of his too young brothers.

In 1295, the Duchy of Pomerania was divided roughly by the Peene and Ina (Ihna) rivers, with the areas north of these rivers ruled by Bogislaw IV became Pomerania-Wolgast, whereas Otto I received Pomerania-Szczecin south of these rivers.

In 1368, Pomerania-Wolgast was divided into a western part (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine, including the name-giving residence in Wolgast) and an eastern part (German: Wolgast jenseits der Swine, in literature also called Pomerania-Stolp after the residence in Stolp (Słupsk)).

In 1376, the western part of Pomerania-Wolgast (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine) was subdivided in a smaller western part sometimes named Pomerania-Barth after the residence in Barth, and an eastern part which included the residence in Wolgast. In the following year, the eastern part of Pomerania-Wolgast (German: Wolgast diesseits der Swine or Pomerania-Stolp) was divided into a western part which included Stargard and an eastern part which included the residence in Stolp (Słupsk).

In 1459, the eastern partitions of Pomerania-Wolgast around Stargard and Stolp ceased to exist. In 1478, after 200 years of partition, the duchy was reunited for a short period when all her parts were inherited by Bogislaw X. By the Treaty of Pyritz in 1493 Pomerania shook off the Marcher liege lordship and became again an immediate imperial estate, after new disputes finally confirmed by the Treaty of Grimnitz in 1529, both treaties provided Brandenburg succession in case the Pomeranian dukes would become extinct in the male line.

In 1531, Pomerania was partitioned into Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Wolgast. This time however, in contrast to the earlier partitions with the same names, Pomerania-Wolgast included the western, and Pomerania-Stettin the eastern parts of the duchy. In 1569, were created the duchies of -Barth (split off from -Wolgast) and -Rügenwalde (Darłowo) (split off from -Stettin).

In 1625, Bogislaw XIV reunited all Pomerania under his rule. However, in 1637, Sweden hold western parts of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania), originally including Stettin, legalised by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 (Swedish Pomerania, several times reduced in favour of Brandenburgian Pomerania). Between 1637 and 1657 Lauenburg-Bütow Land came to Poland, thereafter to Brandenburg. In 1648, Brandenburg prevailed in the Peace of Westphalia with its claim only for eastern parts of Pomerania (Farther Pomerania), with the Brandenburg electors officially holding simultaneously the title of dukes of Pomerania until 1806 (end of the Empire and its enfeoffments), but de facto integrating their Pomerania into Brandenburg-Prussia, making it one of the provinces of Prussia in 1815, then including former Swedish Pomerania.

(Note: Here the numbering of the dukes is the same for all duchies, as all were titled Dukes of Pomerania, despite of the different parts of land or particular numbering of the rulers. The dukes are numbered by the year of their succession.)

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Warcislaus I		c.1091	1121–1135	1135	Pomerania	24 pagan wives Heila of Saxony before 1128 one child Ida of Denmark 1129 three children	First duke of Pomerania and founder of the family. A pagan, he converted to Christianity in the beginning of the 12th century. Then, along with his son Bolesław, backed Otto of Bamberg in his successful Conversion of Pomerania.
Racibor I		c.1124	1135–1156	1156	Pomerania	Pribislava Yaroslavna of Volhynia 1136 four children	Ancestor of the Ratiboriden branch of the House of Pomerania that ruled Słupsk-Sławno
Casimir I		after 1130	1156–1180	fall of 1180	Pomerania-Demmin	Pritolawa no children
Swietopelk		Before 1156	1156–c.1190	1190s	Pomerania-Schlawe-Stolp	Unmarried
Warcislaus II		c.1160	1180–1184	c.1184	Pomerania-Demmin	Sophia of Poland no children
Bogislaw I		1127	1156-1184	18 March 1187	Pomerania-Stettin	Walburga of Denmark three children Anastasia of Greater Poland 26 April 1177 two children	In 1184 after the death of his nephew Warcislaus II, reunited Stettin and Demmin.
			1184–1187		Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin
Anastasia of Greater Poland (regent)		c.1164	1187–1208	c.1240	Pomerania-Stettin and Pomerania-Demmin	Bogislaw I 26 April 1177 two children	Widow of Bogislaw I.
Bogislaw II		1177	1208–1220	23 January 1220	Pomerania-Stettin	Miroslava of Pomerelia 1210 three children	Son of Bogislaw I.
Casimir II		c.1180	1208–1219	1219	Pomerania-Demmin	Ingard of Denmark 1210 two children
Bogislaw III		before 1190	c.1190–1223	1223	Pomerania-Schlawe-Stolp	A daughter of Mieszko III of Poland before 1223 two children	Son of Bogislaw II and younger brother of Barnim I. His existence is not certain. Received the -Sławno part in 1190 by his father.
Ingard of Denmark (regent)		c.1190	1219–1226	1248	Pomerania-Demmin	Casimir II 1210 two children	Widow of Casimir II
Warcislaus III		c.1210	1226–1264	17 May 1264	Pomerania-Demmin	Sophia 1236 three children	After his death in 1264, Barnim became the sole duke.
Racibor II		before 1223	1223–1238	1238	Pomerania-Schlawe-Stolp	unmarried	Son of Bogislaw III. Other historians suggest that he could be also son of Bogislaw II or Mestwin I of Pomerelia. After his death without descendants, the land returned to Pomerania.
Miroslava of Pomerelia (regent)		1190	1220–1226	1237	Pomerania-Stettin	Bogislaw II 1210 three children	Widow of Bogislaw I.
Barnim I the Good		c.1217/1219	1226–1264	13 December 1278	Pomerania-Stettin	Anna Maria of Saxony between 4 September 1238 and 18 July 1242 three children Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1252 or 1253 one child Matilda of Brandenburg between 29 March 1263 and 20 May 1267 six children	Since 1227 the dukes were again vassals of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1264 reunited all Pomerania.
			1264-1278		Pomerania
Bogislaw IV		c.1255	1278–1295	19/24 February 1309	Pomerania	Matilda of Brandenburg-Stendal between 1275 and 1278 no children Margaret of Rügen 13 August 1284 six children	Ruled jointly. Bogislaw was the eldest son of Barnim I, and ruled with his stepmother, who was regent of her own sons. From 1294 Bogislaw ruled directly with his half-brothers Barnim and Otto, who reached majority in that year. Following the death of Barnim without descendants in 1295, Bogislaw and Otto divided Pomerania between them: Bogislaw retained Wolgast and Otto received Stettin.
			1295-1309		Pomerania-Wolgast
Matilda of Brandenburg (regent)		?	1278-1294	20 December 1316	Pomerania	Barnim I the Good between 29 March 1263 and 20 May 1267 six children
Barnim II		c.1277	1294-1295	28 May 1295	Pomerania	unmarried
Otto I		1279	1294–1295	31 December 1344	Pomerania	Elisabeth of Holstein April 1296 two children
			1295–1344		Pomerania-Stettin
Warcislaus IV		before 1290	1309–1326	1 August 1326	Pomerania-Wolgast	Elisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin 11 April 1316 or 1317 three children	Son of Bogislaw IV.
Barnim III the Great		c.1300	1344–1368	14 August 1368	Pomerania-Stettin	Agnes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 1330 five children
Elisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin (regent)		1300	1326–c.1330	Between February (or March) 1355 and 2 July 1356	Pomerania-Wolgast	Warcislaus IV 11 April 1316 or 1317 three children	Regent on behalf of her sons.
Bogislaw V the Great		c.1318	c.1330–1368	23 April 1374	Pomerania-Wolgast	Elisabeth of Poland 24 or 25 February 1343 three children Adelaide of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 1362 or 1363 four children	Sons of Bogislaw IV, ruled jointly. In 1368, Bogislaw, the last surviving brother, divided the land with his brother Barnim's heirs: They kept Wolgast, and Bogislaw created Stargard for himself.
			1368–1374		Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
Warcislaus V the Father of the People		c.1 November 1326	c.1330–1368	1390	Pomerania-Wolgast	Anna of Mecklenburg-Stargard before 1390 no children
Barnim IV the Good		1325	c.1330–1365	22 August 1365	Pomerania-Wolgast	Sophia of Mecklenburg-Werle 1343 three children
Casimir III		1348	1368–1372	24 August 1372	Pomerania-Stettin	unmarried	Son of Barnim III.
Bogislaw VI		c.1350	1365–1393	7 March 1393	Pomerania-Wolgast	Judith of Saxe-Lauenburg between 1369 and 1377 no children Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg 14 or 19 September 1389 Celle two children	Sons of Barnim IV, ruled jointly. In 1377, they divided the land: Bogislaw kept Wolgast and Warcislaus retained Barth. However, as Bogislaw died without heirs, Warcislaus reunited Barth with Wolgast.
Warcislaus VI the One-Eyed		1345	1365–1377	13 June 1394	Pomerania-Wolgast	Anne of Mecklenburg-Stargard 1 October 1363 four children
			1377-1393		Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth
			1393-1394		Pomerania-Wolgast
Swantibor I		c.1351	1372–1413	21 June 1413	Pomerania-Stettin	Anne of Nuremberg 17 September 1363 four children	Brothers of Casimir III, ruled jointly.
Bogislaw VII the Older		before 1355	1372–1404	1404	Pomerania-Stettin	Unknown before 1404 no children
Casimir IV		1351	1374–1377	2 January 1377	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp	Kenna of Lithuania 1360 no children Margaret of Masovia 1368 or 1369 no children	After his death his sons divided the land.
Warcislaus VII		1363/5	1377–1394/5	1394/5	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp	Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 23 March 1380 one child	Sons of Casimir IV. Warcislaus received Stargard, and his brothers Bogislaw and Barnim received Stolp together. The death of Warcislaus made possible the reunion of the inheritance of their father, by Bogislaw and Barnim, who reunited Stolp to Stargard. However, there was an heir to Stolp: Bogislaw, who would be brought up in Denmark and changed name to Eric.
Bogislaw VIII Magnus		c.1364	1377–1394/5	11 February 1418	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp-Stargard	Sophia of Holstein c.1398 two children.
			1394/5-1418		Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)
Barnim V		1369	1377–1394/5	1402/3	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp-Stargard	Hedwig of Lithuania 27 September 1396 one child
			1394/5–1403		Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)
Barnim VI		c.1365	1393–1405	22 September 1405	Pomerania-Wolgast	Veronica of Hohenzollern circa or before 1395 three children	Sons of Warcislaus VI, ruled jointly.
Warcislaus VIII		1373	1393–1415	20/23 August 1415	Pomerania-Wolgast	Agnes of Saxe-Lauenburg circa or before 1398 four children
Otto II		c.1380	1413–1428	27 March 1428	Pomerania-Stettin	Agnes of Mecklenburg-Stargard c.1411 no children	Sons of Swantibor I, ruled jointly.
Casimir V		before 1380	1413–1435	13 April 1435	Pomerania-Stettin	Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg circa or before 1420 three children Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen circa or before 1439 one child
Agnes of Saxe-Lauenburg (regent)		After 1373	1415–1425	1435	Pomerania-Wolgast	Wartislaw VIII circa or before 1398 four children	Regent in the name of her children, Barnim VIII and Swantibor II, and her nephews, sons of Barnim VI: Warcislaus IX and Barnim VII.
Barnim VII the Older		1390	1425–1450	22 September 1450	Pomerania-Wolgast	Unmarried	Sons of the co-rulers Barnim VI and Warcislaus VIII. After the end of the regency of Agnes, the four rulers divided possessions: The sons of Barnim kept Wolgast; the sons of Warcislaus received Barth. However, as the sons of Warcislaus left no children, their possessions returned to the sons of Barnim VI.
Warcislaus IX		c.1400	1425–1457	17 April 1457	Pomerania-Wolgast	Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg 1420 four children Son of Barnim VI.
Barnim VIII the Younger		between 1405 and 1407	1425–1451	between 15 and 19 December 1451	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	Anna of Wunstorf circa or before 1434 one child
Swantibor II the Calm		c.1408	1425–1432	1432	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	Unmarried
Bogislaw IX		1407/1410	1418–1446	7 December 1446	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)	Maria of Masovia 24 June 1432 Poznań two children
Council of Regency in Pomerania-Stettin:1435–1443
Joachim the Younger		1424	1443–1451	4 October 1451	Pomerania-Stettin	Elisabeth of Brandenburg 29 September 1440 one child	Son of Casimir V.
Maria of Masovia (regent)		1408/1415	1446–1449	14 February 1454	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)	Bogislaw IX 24 June 1432 Poznań two children	Regent in name of her husband's cousin and heir, Eric I.
Eric I		1381/1382	1449–1459	3 May 1459	Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp (Stolp and Stargard)	Philippa of England 26 October 1406 Lund one child	Son of Warcislaus VII and original heir of Stolp in 1394. His absence was probably the cause of his being bypassed in the Pomeranian succession. Also King of the Union of Kalmar between Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Warcislaus X		1435	1457–1478	17 December 1478	Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth	Elisabeth of Brandenburg 5 March 1454 two children Magdalena of Mecklenburg-Stargard 1472 no children
Otto III		29 May 1444	1451–1464	7 September 1464	Pomerania-Stettin	unmarried	Son of Joachim the younger.
Eric II		between 1418 and 1425	1457–1464	5 July 1474	Pomerania-Wolgast	Anna Sophie of Pomerania-Stolp 1451 twelve children	In 1464, he reunited Pomerania-Wolgast with Pomerania-Stettin
			1464-1474		Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin
Bogislaw X the Great		3 June 1454	1474–1478	5 October 1523	Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin	Margaret of Brandenburg 20 September 1477 Prenzlau no children Anna Jagiellon of Poland 2 February 1491 Szczecin eight children	Son of Eric II, reunited Pomerania in 1478.
			1478-1523		Pomerania
George I		11 April 1493	1523–1531	10 May 1531	Pomerania	Amalie of the Palatinate 22 May 1513 Szczecin three children Margaret of Brandenburg 23 January 1530 Berlin one child	Sons of Bogislaw X, ruled jointly. After George's death, Barnim divided Pomerania with his nephew Philip. After his death his possessions went to Pomerania-Wolgast.
Barnim IX the Pious		2 December 1501	1523–1531	2 November 1573	Pomerania	Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg 2 February 1525 Szczecin seven children
			1531-1569		Pomerania-Stettin
Philip I the Pious		14 July 1515	1531–1560	14 February 1560	Pomerania-Wolgast	Maria of Saxony 27 February 1536 Torgau ten children	Son of George I.
Ernest Louis the Fair		20 November 1545	1560–1592	17 June 1592	Pomerania-Wolgast	Sophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 20 October 1577 Wolgast three children	Sons of Philip I, ruled jointly. Divided the land in 1569: Ernest Louis kept Wolgast, John Frederick received Stettin, Bogislaw received Barth and Neuenkamp (later Franzburg), and Barnim received Rügenwalde. In 1592 Bogislaw became tutor of his nephew Philip Julius. In 1600 after the death of John Frederick without children, the land was inherited by Barnim, who reunited it with Rügenwalde. At the latter's death in 1603 also with no descendants, Bogislaw received the land and united it with Barth, but he gave Rügenwalde to one of his sons, and gave Barth and Neuenkamp to Philip Julius.
John Frederick the Strong		27 August 1542	1560–1569	9 February 1600	Pomerania-Wolgast	Erdmuthe of Brandenburg 17 February 1577 Szczecin no children
			1569-1600		Pomerania-Stettin
Barnim X the Younger		15 February 1549	1560–1569	1 September 1603	Pomerania-Wolgast	Anna Maria of Brandenburg 8 January 1581 Berlin no children
			1569-1600		Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde
			1600-1603		Pomerania-Stettin (Stettin and Rügenwalde)
Bogislaw XI		9 August 1544	1560–1569	7 March 1606	Pomerania-Wolgast	Clara of Brunswick-Lüneburg 8 September 1572 eleven children Anna of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 31 May 1601 no children
			1569-1603		Pomerania-Wolgast-Barth
			1603-1606		Pomerania-Stettin
Philip Julius		27 December 1584	1592–1625	6 February 1625	Pomerania-Wolgast	Agnes of Brandenburg 25 June 1604 Berlin no children	Son of Ernest Louis, united Barth to Wolgast in 1603
George II		30 January 1582	1606–1617	27 March 1617	Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde	Unmarried	Son of Bogislaw XI, received Rügenwalde, inherited by his father in 1603, and given to him.
Philip II the Pious		29 July 1573	1606–1618	3 February 1618	Pomerania-Stettin	Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 10 March 1607 Treptow an der Rega no children	Son of Bogislaw XI. Left no descendants and the land was inherited by his brother Francis.
Francis		24 March 1577	1618–1620	27 November 1620	Pomerania-Stettin	Sophie of Saxony 26 August 1610 Dresden no children	Son of Bogislaw XI and brother of the predecessor.
Bogislaw XII the Sociable		31 March 1580	1617–1620	10 March 1637	Pomerania-Stettin-Rügenwalde	Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg 1615 no children	Son of Bogislaw XI. Inherited the possessions of all his brothers and reunited Pomerania, but he also didn't have any children. At his death, Pomerania was annexed by the Kingdom of Sweden.
			1620-1625		Pomerania-Stettin (Stettin and Rügenwalde)
			1625-1637		Pomerania

In 1215, the duchy was divided in other smaller duchies: Gdańsk, Białogarda, Lubiszewo and Świecie.

  Gdańsk   Białogarda   Lubiszewo   Świecie

In 1271 the duchy is reunited and in 1296 annexed to the Kingdom of Poland

• 1296–1299 Part of Kujavia
• 1299–1308 Part of Poland
• 1308–1466 Part of the Teutonic Order State of Prussia
• 1454–1466 13-years war of Polish-supported Prussian separatist forces against the Teutonic Order
• 1466–1569 Royal Prussia, in personal union with the Crown of Poland
• 1569–1772 Part of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
• 1772–1919 West Prussia (province of the Kingdom of Prussia which was part of the German Empire from 1871)
  • 1829–1878 Province of Prussia (a province of the Kingdom of Prussia)
  • 1772–1793 Gdańsk, Toruń and Elbląg remained with Poland, then annexed to West Prussia, except of the latter annexed to East Prussia
  • 1807–1814 Free City of Danzig a Napoleonic client state, with François Joseph Lefebvre ennobled as Duc de Dantzic (1808–1820), before returned to West Prussia
• 1920–1939 Part of Poland as the Pomeranian Voivodeship, except of Danzig
• 1920–1939 Free City of Danzig, a League of Nations mandate
• 1939–1945 Danzig-West Prussia, province of Nazi Germany, including Polish Pomerania and Danzig
• 1945–present Part of Poland again